Form

A Passiva forma-se colocando o auxiliary TO BE no mesmo tempo que o verbo na ativa e adiciona-se o Past Participle do verbo principal-

Normalmente há uma inversão. Ou seja, o objeto na voz ativa vai ser o sujeito na voz passiva.. Por vezes o sujeito pode ser omitido se não for muito importante para a compreensão da frase(quando tens palavras como ONE,THEY,PEOPLE, NOBODY,SOMEONE)

The hospital provides the best possible medical care.(Active Subject) (Active Verb) (Active Object)

The best possible medical care is provided by the hospital .(Passive Subject) (Passive Verb) (agente da passiva- Optional)

Há sempre uma alteração na conjugação verbal!

Verb Tenses Active PassivePresent Simple provide/provides am/is/are providedPast Simple provided was/were providedPresent Continuous am/is/are providing am/is/are being providedPast Continuous was/were providing was/were being providedPresent Perfect have/has provided have/has been providedPast Perfect Had provided Had been providedFuture Simple will provide will be providedIs going to Is going to provide Is going to be providedConditional would provide would be providedHave to Has(to) provide Has to be providedModal Verbs(can/should/could/would/must/may…

can provide can be provided

Nota: os verbos que pedem preposições precisam de uma atenção especial. As preposições têm de manter a sua posição.e não podem ser ignoradas.Exemplos de verbos com preposições(phrasal verbs)To account for; to break into; to bring about; to bring up; to give up; to look after; to look up; to point out; to puto n; to put up… John won’t put on a black tie.---- A black tie won’t be put on by John.

HÁ TAMBÉM ALTERAÇÕES A NÍVEL DOS PRONOMES:

o sujeito na voz ativa torna-se o objeto na voz passiva.I decorated this flat.

This flat was decorated by me.

PERSONAL PRONOUNSSubject form Object form

IYouHeSheIt

WeThey

MeYouHimHerItUs

Them

-----------------------------------------------------------EXERCISES ----------------------------------------------------------

1. Complete the table: Verb Tenses Active Passive

Present Simple I interview the actor.She doesn’t clean the car.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

Past Simple We visited Paris. They didn’t see the painting.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

Present Continuous

Mary is writing a book.

Past Continuous We were washing the car.

Present Perfect Electricity has improved life. They haven’t bought a sofa.

________________________________________________________________________________________

Future Simple They will help people. He won’t find a job.

____________________________________________________________________________________

Conditional She would call the secretary.

Modal Verbs You should clean your room.

Is going to The girls are going to find good jobs

Past Perfect I had followed his example.

Have to Elisabeth had to choose a special diet.

2. Rewrite the sentences in the Passive voice.

1.We can solve this problem. ________________________________________________

2.They had to postpone the meeting because of illness. __________________________________________________________________________________________________

3.Somebody might have stolen your car if you’ve left the keys in it. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

4.An electrical fault could have caused the fire_____________________________________________

5.They shouldn’t have played the football match in such a bad weather._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6.The bill includes service. ______________________________________________________________

7.People don’t use this road very often____________________________________________________

8.They cancelled all flights because of fog.__________________________________________________

9.Somebody accused me of stealing the money. ______________________________________________

10.They are building a new ring road around the city. ________________________________________

11.Someone was recording our conversation. _____________________________________________

12.They have changed the date of the meeting.______________________________________________

13.Somebody attacked him and robbed him in the street. _____________________________________

14.They don’t pay Jim very much. ______________________________________________________

15. They will ask you a lot of questions at the interview. _________________________________________

16.His colleagues gave him a present when he retired. ____________________________________________

17.They didn’t ask my name. ______________________________________________________________

18.I think they should have offered Tom the job. _____________________________________________

19. I couldn’t write the letters yesterday. __________________________________________________

20. The storm is causing a lot of damage. _______________________________________________

3.Rewrite the sentences in the Active voice.

1.    We are taught grammar by Ms Sullivan. ________________________________________2.    He was praised by the teacher.______________________________________________3.    The injured were taken to the hospital by the firemen._____________________________________4.    The town was destroyed by an earthquake.____________________________________________________5.    The teacher was pleased with the boy’s work._________________________________________________6.    The building was damaged by the fire._______________________________________________________7.    By whom were you taught French?___________________________________________________________

8.    You will be given a ticket by the manager. ___________________________________________________9.    The streets were thronged with spectators.___________________________________________________10.    We will be blamed by everyone. __________________________________________________________11.    The trees were blown down by the wind._____________________________________________________12.    The thieves were caught by the police._______________________________________________________13.    The letter was posted by Alice._____________________________________________________________14.    We were received by the hostess.____________________________________________________________15.    The snake was killed with a stick.____________________________________________________________16.    The minister was welcomed by the people. __________________________________________________17.    He was found guilty of murder._____________________________________________________________18.    This house was built by John Mathews in 1991._______________________________________________

19. The game was won by the team that was not expected to succeed.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________20.A winning season is expected by the entire coaching staff._________________________________________________________________________________21.Many people from my town are employed by the company.___________________________________

4..Change into the active or passive,as the case may be.(algumas frases não têm o agente da passiva. É pois, necessário, fornecer o novo sujeito: they,we, you…)

1.Life in industrial towns had impressed the writer’s mind. _________________________________________

2.She wasn’t given any introduction card. _______________________________________________3.Mike had to do a lot of hardwork._______________________________________________________4.Jane has been interviewed by a smartly dressed lady. _______________________________________

5.Jack should be told about the dangers of smoking. __________________________________________6.Women are demanding equal working conditions.____________________________________________7.People will give more love and understanding of children. _______________________________________8.She must make sure that nobody disturbs him. ________________________________________________9.He had already filled in at least fifty application forms. __________________________________________10.Has she been asked whe she was available to begin working? _____________________________________11.The attitudes of the modern generations can’t be totally approved of. ______________________________________________________________________________________________12.Some teenagers don’t respect the adults. _________________________________________________________13.Did she invite them to the party? ______________________________________________________________14.Does television dominate our lives? __________________________________________________________15. Were the technicians assisted by a special vehicle? ______________________________________________16.Has society offered them decent jobs? ______________________________________________________17.Did anyone encourage them to emigrate? ____________________________________________________18.Was that equipement seen before? __________________________________________________________19.The women are not motivated by the money. __________________________________________________20.He has been appointed number one in the list by his prospective employer.______________________________________________________________________________

Soluções

1.Escreve na voz passiva

1.This problem can be solved.2.The meeting had to be postponed because of illness.3.Your car might have been stolen if the keys have been left in it4.The fire could have been caused by an electric fault.5.The football match shouldn’t have been played in such bad weather.6.Service is included in the bill.7.This road isn’t used very often.8.All flights were cancelled because of fog.9.I was accused of stealing the money.10.Anew ring road is being built around d the city.11.Our conversation wa being recorded.12.The date of the meeting has been changed.13.He was attacked and robbed in the street.14.Jim isn’t paid very much.15.you will be asked a lot of questions in the interview.16.he was given a present by his colleagues when he retired.17.I wasn’t asked my name.18.I think Tom should have been offered the job.19.that house was built in 1985 by their parents.20.The windows should have been cleaned by the maid yesterday.

2.Ecreve na voz ativa Ms Sullivan teaches us grammar.2.    The teacher praised him.

3.    The firemen took the injured to the hospital.4.    An earthquake destroyed the town.5.    The boy’s work pleased the teacher.6.    The fire damaged the building.7.    Who taught you French?8.    The manager will give you a ticket.9.    Spectators thronged the streets.10.    Everyone will blame us.11.    The wind blew down the trees.12.    The police caught the thieves.13.    Alice posted the letter.14.    The hostess received us.15.    They/somebody killed the snake with a stick.16.    The people welcomed the minister.17.    They found him guilty of murder.18.    John Mathews built this house in 1991.

3.Reescreve na voz ativa ou na passiva1.the writer’s mind hab been impressed by…2.they didn’t give her any…3.a lot of hardwork had to be done by…4.a smartly dressed lady has interviwed Jane5.you shuld tell jack about6.equal working conditions are being demanded by…7.children will be given…8.she…that he isn’t disturbed9.at least fifty…had already been filled by…10.have they asked her when…11. we can’t totally approve of attitudes…12.the adults aren’t respected by…13. were they invited…?14.are our lives dominated by…?15.did a apecial vehicle assist…16.have they been offered…?17. were they encouraged…?18.did they see…?19.the money doesn’t motivate the…20.his prospective…has appointed him…

IDIOMATIC PASSIVE

Quando há dois complementos, um direto e um indireto, os ingleses,transformam o complement indireto em sujeito e não o direto.

ATIVA: The manager made him a good offer.

PASSIVA: He was made a good offer by the manager.

Segue-se a lista de verbos que têm dois complementos e podem ser,portanto, usados na Passiva idiomática

PROMISE, GIVE, SEND, TEACH, LEND,ALLOW,ASK,TELL,CALL, RECOMMEND,MAKE,OFFER,REFUSE, ORDER,PAY,DENY,ANSWER,APPOINT

Atenção: o primeiro passo é detetar o complemento indireto

subject Indirect object

Direct object

New subject

1.Rewrite the following sentences in the Passive, using the indirect object as the subject.1.Someone showed the child how to use the telephone.: The child was showed how to use the telephone.2.They allowed him to leave the country.___________________________________________3.The doctor is going to prescribe them a modern treatment._____________________________________4.They have promised Mary a new opportunity. ______________________________________________5.Someone will lend me the dictionary. _____________________________________________________6.They asked her her name at the information desk.7.Her friend recommended her a new medicine._____________________________________________8.Has anybody taught the pupils that kind of exercise? _________________________________________9.They have made Jim manager of the firm. ____________________________________________________10.The embassies are refusing young people a visa. ______________________________________________11.The doctor won’t order us a different diet. ___________________________________________________12.They didn’t pay the workers the due subsidy. ________________________________________________13.They will ask you several questions. _______________________________________________________14.They should offer my brother a post as a manager. ____________________________________________15.Didn’t they promise a rise in the salary? __________________________________________________16.Will someone send me the documents? ___________________________________________________17.Someone must teach those girls how to behave. ___________________________________________18.Why didn’t they offer me the job? _____________________________________________________19. Everybody calls young executives “yuppies”. ____________________________________________20.The supervisor told the girls all they had to do.______________________________________-

21.They are going to appoint him chairmen due to his personal gifts. ___________________________22.Next time we’ll teach you how to operate the computer. ______________________________________

Soluções(idiomatic passive

PASSIVE VOICE- EXTRA EXERCISES

a) The Egyptians built the Pyramids. (Past Simple) The Pyramids ____________________________________________________.b) Over 400 million people speak English.(Present Simple) English _________________________________________________________.c) They must read the messages.The messages __________________________________________________________.d) Edison invented the electric bulb. The electric bulb_______________________________________________________.e) America attacked Iraq some years ago.America _____________________________________________________________.f) They didn’t take the jewels.The jewels ____________________________________________________________.g) Helen and Susan visited all these places.All these places______________________________________________________.h) A fisherman saved his life.His life______________________________________________________________.i) The teacher doesn’t punish the students.The students _________________________________________________________.j) Someone has stolen Kate’s new car.Kate’s new car_______________________________________________________.k) He mustn’t answer the questions. The questions___________________________________________________________.l) The Parkers haven’t bought a video camera.A video______________________________________________________________.m) Anne is selling the house.The house _____________________________________________________________.n) They will wash the car.The car_______________________________________________________________.o) They can invite Sarah to the party.Sarah________________________________________________________________.p) I couldn’t write the letters yesterday.The letters ____________________________________________________________.q) The teacher collects all the exam papers.All the exam papers_________________________________________________________.r) They didn’t break the table. The table______________________________________________________________.s) A car ran over our dog.Our dog______________________________________________________________.t) She has answered my question.My question____________________________________________________________.u) The police won’t investigate the murder.The murder_____________________________________________________________.

v) Volunteers would clean up the long beach. The long beach______________________________________________________.w)They were writing a book.A book ____________________________________________________________.

PASSIVE VOICE- PROGRESS CHECK

Trabalhamos a estrutura passiva e ativa. Agora precisamos verificar se a percebeste! Realiza os exercícios que se seguem para tiramos algumas conclusões! Boa sorte!

Data: _____________________________

2.Change into the active or passive,as the case may be.(algumas frases não têm o agente da passiva. É pois, necessário, fornecer o novo sujeito: they,we, you…)

1.Long letters in foreign languages are going to be dictated by her boss._________________________________________________________________________________________

2.His subordinates are issued complicated instructions over the car telephone.___________________________________________________________________________________________

3.Over three million pounds were to be stolen by a gang of well trained men._____________________________________________________________________________________

4.The raid was carried out like a military operation._________________________________________________________________________________________

5.Large areas in the North were being disfigured by urbanization. __________________________________

6.The English had to solve urgent problems concerning cloth manufacture.___________________________________________________________________________________________

7.The discovery of pollution-free energy will influence the course of civilization.__________________________________________________________________________________________

8.The town will be converted into an overgrown concrete village with no style.___________________________________________________________________________________________

9.The country resources have been debilitated by a 15-year genocidal civil war._________________________________________________________________________________________

10.Electric non-polluting vehicles are being invented by American scientists._________________________________________________________________________________________

11.The travelers could have been caught by a storm of snow.______________________________________________________________________________________

12.Some entrepreneurs have been discouraged from forming independent water distribution net works._________________________________________________________________________________________

13.Special measures against poisonous gas will have to be issued.___________________________________________________________________________________________

14.The neighbouring countries should have implemented a agreement of peace.__________________________________________________________________________________________

15.Was the animal life being destroyed in the area without any concern?________________________________________________________________________________________

16.The citizens were being offered many options to solve the problem.______________________________________________________________________________________

17.All efforts ought to have been coordinated for fighting the wild fires._________________________________________________________________________________________18.The Prince has been running the affairs of State since 1984._______________________________________________________________________________________-

19.Didn’t the company terminate the women’s contracts in a rather abrupt way?________________________________________________________________________________________

Soluções:

1.her boss is going to dictate long…2.he issues complicated…to his subordinates3.a gang…was to steal over…4.they carried out the…5.urbanization was disfiguring large…6.urgent problems…had to be solved by…7.the course…will be influenced by…8.they will convert the town…9.a 15 year-old..has debilitated the…10.America…are inventing…11.a storm of snow could have caught…12.they have discouraged some….13.you will have to issue special…14.an agreement should have been implemented by…15.were they destroying the…16.they were offering the citizens many…17.they ught to have coordinated all…18.the affairs…have been being run by the prince…19.weren’t the women’s contracts terminated by the company?