particle physics at ihep - suranaree university of...
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Beijing Electron-Positron Collider(BEPC)
4/45
• IHEP is developed
after the construction
of BEPC in late 80’s
• Upgrade of BEPC
(BEPCII) is completed
in 2008. It leads IHEP
to be one of the most
active HEP centers in
the world.
• The research of IHEP
now covers particle
physics, astrophysics
, synchrotron
radiation, spallation
neutron source, etc.
ADONE
BEPCII
CESRc BEPC
SPEAR
DORIS I
Sino-Italian ARGO experiment (RPC hall)
Sino-Japanese AS γ experiment (scintillation detector array)
Sino-Italian ARGO experiment (part of RPC carpet)
High Altitude Cosmic-Ray Physics
~3TeV ~300GeV
LHAASO
Particle & Astro-Particle Physics at IHEP
Current Future
Accelerator-based
Precision frontier
BESIII
International: ILC
CEPC SppC
International projects: Belle II、PANDA、COMET
Energy frontier CMS、ATLAS
Non-accelerator
-based
underground Daya Bay
JUNO EXO
Surface ARGO/ASg LHASSO
Space AMS HERD
XTP HXMT
BEPC II Storage ring: Large angle, double-ring
RF RF SR
IP
22 mrad
2.5m8ns
1.5cm
0.1cm
Beam energy:
1-2 GeV
Luminosity:
1×1033 cm-2s-1
Optimum energy:
1.89 GeV
Energy spread:
5.16 ×10-4
No. of bunches:
93
Bunch length:
1.5 cm
Total current:
0.91 A
SR mode:
0.25A @ 2.5 GeV
TOF BTOF: two layers
ETOF: 48 crys. for each
11
BESIII Detector MDC
R inner: 63mm ;
R outer: 810mm
Length:2582 mm
Layers: 43
CsI(Tl) EMC
Crystals: 28 cm(15 X0)
Barrel: |cos|<0.83
Endcap:
0.85 < |cos| < 0.93
RPC MUC
BMUC: 9 layers – 72 modules
EMUC: 8 layers – 64 modules
Japan (1)
Tokyo Univ.
US (6)
Univ. of Hawaii Univ. of Washington
Carnegie Mellon Univ. Univ. of Minnesota Univ. of Rochester
Univ. of Indiana
Europe (13)
Germany: Univ. of Bochum, Univ. of Giessen, GSI
Univ. of Johannes Gutenberg Helmholtz Ins. In Mainz
Russia: JINR Dubna; BINP Novosibirsk Italy: Univ. of Torino,Frascati Lab, Ferrara Univ.
Netherland:KVI/Univ. of Groningen Sweden: Uppsala Univ.
Turkey: Turkey Accelerator Center
China(29) IHEP, CCAST, GUCAS, Shandong Univ.,
Univ. of Sci. and Tech. of China Zhejiang Univ., Huangshan Coll.
Huazhong Normal Univ., Wuhan Univ. Zhengzhou Univ., Henan Normal Univ.
Peking Univ., Tsinghua Univ. , Zhongshan Univ.,Nankai Univ., Beihang Univ.
Shanxi Univ., Sichuan Univ., Univ. of South China Hunan Univ., Liaoning Univ.
Nanjing Univ., Nanjing Normal Univ. Guangxi Normal Univ., Guangxi Univ. Suzhou Univ., Hangzhou Normal Univ.
Lanzhou Univ., Henan Sci. and Tech. Univ.
Korea (1)
Seoul Nat. Univ.
Pakistan (2)
Univ. of Punjab COMSAT CIIT
~400 成员 来自11个国家的52 个单位
BESIII International Collaboration
12
BESIII Data Taking Status & Plan Previous Data set BESIII now Goal
J/psi BESII: 58M 1.2 B 10B
Psi’ CLEO:28 M 0.5 B 3B
Psi” CLEO:0.8 /fb 3.0/fb 20 /fb
y(4040)/y(4160)
/X(4260) etc.
CLEO:0.6/fb @
y(4160)
0.5/fb y(4040); 2.3/fb @~4260,
0.5/fb@ ~4360; 1/fb@~4420;
0.5/fb@~4600
~ 10 /fb
R scan & Tau BESII @10K/pnts 105 [email protected] GeV 100K/pnts
BESIII will continue for the next 8-10 years: Unique in the world
Normal hadrons are made of 2 or 3 quarks:
Quark Model:
QCD predict new type of hadrons: • Multi-quark states:No. of quarks >= 4
• Hybrids: qqg,qqqg …
• Glue balls:gg, ggg …
New Type of Hadrons
g
g g
g
No experimental proof of new types of hadrons
• Below the open charm
threshold: • All the chamonium states are
discovered.
• Above the open charm
threshold: • Many theoretically predicted
particles are not found
• Many unpredicted particles
are found
X(3872)
XYZ(3940)
X(3915) X(4160) Y(4008) Y(4140) Y(4260) Y(4360) X(4350) Y(4660)
Z(4430) Z(4250) Z(4050) Z(3900)
Charmonium states
open charm 阈
BESIII: Observation of Zc(3900)
S-wave Breit-Wigner with efficiency
correction
Mass = (3899.0±3.6±4.9) MeV
Width = (46±10±20) MeV
Fraction = (21.5±3.3±7.5)%
• Close to M(DD*)
• Couples tocc
• Has electric charge
• At least 4-quarks
• What is its nature?
Y(4260) +-J/y
> 8
By collecting a lot of data, we
may understand the nature of
Y(4260), Zc and probably,
many XYZ particles with the
help of LQCD
PRL110, 252001 (2013)
New Zc(3900) Decay Mode
Zc(3900)
6
(Zc(3900) DD*0)
(Zc(3900) J/y)
JP favors 1+
Very important for the understanding of Zc(3900)
BESIII:PRL 112, 022001 (2014)
M(Zc) = 3883.91.54.2 MeV
(Zc) = 24.83.311.0 MeV
Zc(4025)/Zc(4020): Excited State of Zc(3900) ?
PRL 112, 132001 (2014)
e+e-+-hc(1P)
M(Zc(4020)) = 4022.90.82.7 MeV (Zc(4020)) = 7.92.72.6 MeV
〉8
e+e-- (D*D*)++c.c.
M(Zc(4025)) = 4026.32.63.7 MeV; (Zc(4025)) = 24.85.77.7 MeV
PRL 111, 242001 (2013)
Many New States and New Processes
Significance: 7.2
J/ywX, X+-h
f1(1285) h(1405)
X(1870)
X(1835)
X(2120) X(2370) PRL107, 182001 (2011) PRL 106 (2011) 072002
PRL109, 042003 (2012) yghc
BEPCII/BESIII is the best facility in the world for light hadrons and charmonium physics. It can measure precisely fD, fDs, R values in 2.0-4.6 GeV, as well as the tau mass.
A lot of results from BESIII since 2009. A total of ~70 papers published so far, and will continue to publish more than 20 papers per year.
BESIII will continue to take data for another 8-10 years.
After 2020, we are thinking about a circular Higgs factory which can be converted to a pp collider.
Summary of BEPCII/BESIII
The Future: CEPC+SppC • For about 8 years, we have been talking about “What can be
done after BEPCII in China”
• Thanks to the discovery of the low mass Higgs boson, and
stimulated by ideas of Circular Higgs Factories in the world,
CEPC+SppC configuration was proposed in Sep. 2012
LTB : Linac to Booster
BTC : Booster to Collider Ring
BTC
IP1
IP2
e+ e-
e+ e- Linac
(240m)
LTB
BTC
Medium Energy Booster(4.5Km)
Low Energy Booster(0.4Km)
IP4 IP3
Proton Linac
(100m)
High Energy Booster(7.2Km)
A 50-70 km tunnel is
relatively easier NOW
in China
Scientific Goals
• CEPC ( e+e-: 90-250 GeV)
– Higgs Factory: Precision study of Higgs(mH, JPC, couplings) • Same as SM prediction ? Other Higgs ? Composite ? New
properties ? CP effect ?
– Z & W factory: precision test of SM • New phenomena ? Rare decays ?
– Flavor factory: b, c, t and QCD studies
• SppC (pp: 50-100 TeV)
– Directly search for new physics beyond SM
– Precision test of SM • e.g., h3 & h4 couplings
Complementary with each other
Timeline (dream)
• CPEC – Pre-study, R&D and preparation work
• Pre-study: 2013-15
– Pre-CDR by the end of 2014 for R&D funding request
• R&D: 2016-2020
• Engineering Design: 2015-2020
– Construction: 2021-2027
– Data taking: 2028-2035
• SppC – Pre-study, R&D and preparation work
• Pre-study: 2013-2020
• R&D: 2020-2030
• Engineering Design: 2030-2035
– Construction: 2035-2042
– Data taking: 2042 -
CEPC Accelerator Design
LINAC to generate and accelerate electrons to 6 GeV
Booster to accelerate electrons to 120 GeV
Main Ring to accumulate electrons to 16.9 mA, FODO lattice, single
ring with the Pretzel scheme …
BTC
IP1
IP2
e+ e-
e+ e- Linac
(240m)
LTB
BTC
Parameters Unit Value Parameters Unit Value Beam energy [E] GeV 120 Circumference [C] km 53.6
Number of IP[NIP] 2 SR loss/turn [U0] GeV 3
Bunch number/beam[nB] 50 Bunch population [Ne] 3.71E+11
SR power/beam [P] MW 50 Beam current [I] mA 16.6
Bending radius [r] m 6094 momentum compaction factor [ap] 4.15E-05
Revolution period [T0] s 1.79E-04 Revolution frequency [f0] Hz 5991.66 emittance (x/y) nm 6.79/0.021 bIP(x/y) mm 800/1.2
Transverse size (x/y) mm 73.7/0.16 xx,y/IP 0.1/0.074
Beam length SR [s.SR] mm 2.35 Beam length total [s.tot] mm 2.66
Lifetime due to Beamstrahlung
min 80 lifetime due to radiative Bhabha scattering [tL]
min 56
RF voltage [Vrf] GV 6.87 RF frequency [frf] MHz 650
Harmonic number [h] 116244 Synchrotron oscillation tune [ns] 0.199
Energy acceptance RF [h] % 5.56 Damping partition number [Je] 2
Energy spread SR [d.SR] % 0.13 Energy spread BS [d.BS] % 0.07
Energy spread total [d.tot] % 0.15 ng 0.22
Transverse damping time [nx] turns 81 Longitudinal damping time [ne] turns 40
Hourglass factor Fh 0.679 Luminosity /IP[L] cm-2s-1 1.8E+34
Main Parameters of CEPC
SppC Accelerator Design
• Proton-proton collider luminosity
• Main constraint: high-field superconducting dipole magnets
– 50 km: Bmax = 12 T, E = 50 TeV
– 50 km: Bmax = 20 T, E = 70 TeV
– 70 km: Bmax = 20 T, E = 90 TeV
22
0
,
( 1 )4 2
p b rep c z
n IP x IP
N N fL F F
g
e b
+
x =Nprp
4pen
£ 0.004
min
0
2 ( )BB
C
r
Parameter Value Unit
Circumference 52 km
Beam energy 35 TeV
Dipole field 20 T
Injection energy 2.1 TeV
Number of IPs 2 (4)
Peak luminosity per IP 1.2E+35 cm-2s-1
Beta function at collision 0.75 m
Circulating beam current 1.0 A
Max beam-beam tune shift per IP 0.006
Bunch separation 25 ns
Bunch population 2.0E+11
SR heat load @arc dipole (per aperture) 56 W/m
SppC Main Parameters
Neutrinos Fundamental building blocks of matter, but least known (Mass,
properties, …):
Only particles with properties not consistent with the Standard
Model, which needs to be modified in way not yet known.
Extremely abundant, same as photons(~ 300/cm3) mass is a
crucial issue
Very important in the formation and evolution of the Universe
tm nnn
tm
e
e
bsd
tcu
A hot topic of particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology
Neutrino Oscillation If the neutrino mass eigenstate is different from that of the
weak interaction, neutrinos can oscillate: from one type to
another during the flight:
ne ne nm nm
Oscillation
probability:
P(ne->nm) sin2(2) sin2(1.27Dm2L/E)
Oscillation
amplitude
Oscillation
frequency
Oscillation matrix
for 3 generations:
Known parameters: 23,12,DM223, DM2
12,
Recent progress: 13
Unknown parameters: mass hierarchy(DM223), CP phase d 2014/10/9 32
How to Measure 13 at Reactors ?
Precision of past experiments (typically 3-6%):
Reactor power: ~ 1%
Spectrum: ~ 0.3%
Fission rate: 2%
Backgrounds: ~1-3%
Target mass: ~1-2%
Efficiency: ~ 2-3%
Past searches: sin2213 < 0.15 @ 90%C.L.
Model prediction: sin2213 0-0.20, but mostly around 0.01
Our design goal:D(Nobs/Nexp) ~ 0.4% 10 improvement !
2014/10/9 33
Pee 1 - sin2213sin2 (1.27Dm213L/E) - cos413sin2212sin2 (1.27Dm2
12L/E)
Daya Bay Experiment: Layout
Relative measurement to cancel Corr. Syst. Err. 2 near sites, 1 far site
Multiple AD modules at each site to reduce Uncorr. Syst. Err.
Far: 4 modules,near: 2 modules
Multiple muon detectors to reduce veto eff. uncertainties
Water Cherenkov: 2 layers
RPC: 4 layers at the top + telescopes 2014/10/9 34
Redundancy !!!
Cross check; Reduce errors by 1/N
The Daya Bay Collaboration
Europe (2)
JINR, Dubna, Russia
Charles University, Czech Republic
North America (16)
BNL, Caltech, LBNL, Iowa State Univ.,
Illinois Inst. Tech., Princeton, RPI,
UC-Berkeley, UCLA, Univ. of Cincinnati,
Univ. of Houston, Univ. of Wisconsin,
William & Mary, Virginia Tech.,
Univ. of Illinois-Urbana-Champaign, Siena
Asia (20)
IHEP, Beijing Normal Univ., Chengdu Univ.
of Sci. and Tech., CGNPG, CIAE, Dongguan
Polytech. Univ., Nanjing Univ., Nankai Univ.,
NCEPU, Shandong Univ., Shanghai Jiao tong
Univ., Shenzhen Univ.,
Tsinghua Univ., USTC, Zhongshan Univ.,
Univ. of Hong Kong, Chinese Univ. of Hong Kong,
National Taiwan Univ., National Chiao Tung Univ.,
National United Univ. ~250 Collaborators
2014/10/9 35
Tunnel and Underground Lab
•Tunnel: ~ 3100m
•3 Exp. hall
•1 hall for LS
•1 hall for water
A total of ~ 3000
blasting right next
reactors. No one
exceeds safety limit
set by National
Nuclear Safety
Agency(0.007g)
36 2014/10/9
Water Cerenkov Detector Installation
PMT frame & Tyvek Completed pool PermaFlex painting
Cover Install AD Pool with water
2014/10/9 37
Neutrino Detector Assembly
SSV 4m AV
PMT
SSV lid ACU
Bottom reflector
Top reflector 3m AV
Leak check 2014/10/9 38
A New Type of Oscillation Discovered
40 2014/10/9
Observation of electron anti-neutrino disappearance:
R = 0.940 ±0.011 (stat) ±0.004 (syst)
Sin2213 = 0.092 0.016(stat) 0.005(syst)
c2/NDF = 4.26/4, 5.2 σ for non-zero θ13
F.P. An et al., NIM. A 685(2012)78
F.P. An et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108,
(2012) 171803
announced on
Mar. 8, 2012
Why Interesting ?
Neutrinos oscillate in a “normal way” no surprises
Sin2213 is almost 10 larger than what we expected a big
surprise
Now it is possible to plan the next generation neutrino experiment for
the mass hierarchy and CP phase d
2014/10/9 42
n1
n2
n3
sin2212 ~ 0.9
sin2223 ~ 1
sin2213 ~ 0.1
Pme ≈ sin223sin2213sin2(1.27Dm223L/E) +
cos223sin2212sin2(1.27Dm212L/E) -
A(r)cos213sin13sin(d)
Still a Lot of Unknowns
Neutrino oscillation:
Neutrino mass hierarchy ?
Unitarity of neutrino mixing matrix ?
Θ23 is maximized ?
CP violation in the neutrino mixing matrix as in the case of
quarks ? Large enough for the matter-antimatter asymmetry in
the Universe ?
What is the absolute neutrino mass ?
Neutrinos are Dirac or Majorana ?
Are there sterile neutrinos?
Do neutrinos have magnetic moments ?
Can we detect relic neutrinos ?
……
2014/10/9 44
Next Step: Mass Hierarchy
Daya Bay Huizhou Lufeng Yangjiang Taishan
Status running planned approved Construction construction
power/GW 17.4 17.4 17.4 17.4 18.4
Daya Bay
Huizhou Lufeng
Previous site
Current site
Yangjiang Taishan
Hong Kong
Daya Bay 60 km JUNO
Talk by YFW at ICFA seminar 2008,
Neutel 2011; by J. Cao at NuTurn 2012 ;
Paper by L. Zhan, YFW, J. Cao, L.J. Wen,
PRD78:111103,2008; PRD79:073007,2009
– LS volume: 20 for more statistics (40 events/day)
– light(PE) 5 for better resolution (DM212/ DM2
23 ~ 3%)
The Plan: a Large LS Detector
20 kt LS
Acrylic tank:F34.5m
Stainless Steel tank :F37.5m
Muon detector
Water seal
~15000 20” PMTs
coverage: ~80%
Steel Tank
6kt MO
20kt water
1500 20” VETO PMTs 2014/10/9 47
40 events/day
Physics Reach
2014/10/9 48
Thanks to a large θ13
Current Daya Bay II
Dm212 4% 0.6%
Dm223 4% 0.6%
sin212 6% 0.7%
sin223 10% N/A
sin213 6% 4% ~ 15%
• Mass hierarchy
• Precision measurement of
mixing parameters
• Supernova neutrinos
• Geoneutrinos
• Sterile neutrinos
• ……
For 6 years,mass hierarchy cab
be determined at 4 level, if Δm2mm
can be determined at 1% level
Detector size: 20kt
Energy resolution: 3%/E
Thermal power: 36 GW
Y.F. Li et al., arXiv:1303.6733
Challenge I: Large Detector Structure
A D~35m detector in the water pool: Mechanics,optics, chemistry, …
How to keep it clean during and after
the assembly ?
Possibility of assembly within 2 years
Current design: Default: acrylic tank(D~35m) + SS
structure
Acrylic bonding, creeping,stress,
steel support at acrylic, deformation,
event reconstruction with total
refection, …
Backup: SS tank(D~38m) + acrylic
panel + balloon
Balloon materials, cleanness, leaks,
deployment, …
R&D and prototyping underway
49
Challenge II: Transparent Liquid Scintillator Our choice: LAB+PPO+BisMSB
At Daya Bay: 15m
Our target: 30 m
R&D efforts: Improve raw materials
Improve the production process
Purification Distillation, Filtration, Water extraction,
Nitrogen stripping…
Optimization of fluor concentration
Other works: Rayleigh scattering measurement
Energy non-linearity study
Aging study
Material selection: BKG & purity issues
Engineering issues for 20kt Equipment, logistics, safety, …
Linear Alky Benzene Atte. L(m)
@ 430 nm
RAW 14.2
Vacuum distillation 19.5
SiO2 coloum 18.6
Al2O3 coloum 22.3
LAB from Nanjing, Raw 20
Al2O3 coloum 25
0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,70,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
LIg
ht
ou
tpu
t, r
ela
tive
un
its
PPO mass fraction, %
KamLAND
50 2014/10/9
Challenge III: High QE PMT
Three types of high QE 20”
PMTs under development: A new type of MCP-PMT:
4 collection
Hammamatzu R5912-100
with SBA photocathode
Photonics-type PMT
MCP-PMT development: Technical issues mostly
resolved
Successful 8” prototypes
A few 20” prototypes
51
SPE Gain R5912 R5912
-100
MCP-
PMT
QE@410nm 25% >30% 25-30%
Rise time 3 ns 3.4ns 5ns
SPE Amp. 17mV 18mV 17mV
P/V of SPE >2.5 >2.5 ~ 2
TTS 5.5ns 1.5 ns 3.5 ns
2014/10/9
Challenge IV: Civil Construction
52
A 600m vertical shaft
A 1300m long tunnel(40% slope)
A 50m diameter, 80m high cavern
How to control the
schedule and budget ?
How to control risks ?
2014/10/9
Current Status & Brief Schedule
Project approved by CAS for R&D and design
Geological survey completed
Granite rock, tem. ~ 31 oC, little water
EPC contract signed:
Engineering design by July
Construction work by Nov.
Paper work towards the construction:
Land, environment, safety, …
53
Schedule:
Civil preparation:2013-2014
Civil construction:2014-2017
Detector component production:2016-2017
PMT production:2016-2019
Detector assembly & installation:2018-2019
Filling & data taking:2020
2014/10/9
Collaboration Established
2014/10/9 54
54
Europe (20)* APC Paris
Charles U.
CPPM Marseille
FZ Julich
INFN-Frascati
INFN-Ferrara
INFN-Milano
INFN-Padova
INFN-Perugia
INFN-Roma 3
U. libre de Bruxelles (Observer)
IPHC Strasbourg
JINR
LLR Paris
RWTH Aachen U.
Subatech Nantes
TUM
U.Hamburg
U.Mainz
U.Oulu
U.Tuebingen
US*
BNL, UIUC, Houston
Observers on behalf of
US institutions
Asia (25) Beijing Normal U.
CAGS,
CIAE
DGUT
ECUST
Guangxi U.
IHEP
Jilin U.
Nanjing U.
Nankai U.
Natl. Chiao-Tung U.
Natl. Taiwan U.
Natl. United U.
NCEPU
Pekin U.
Shandong U.
Shanghai JT U.
Sichuan U.
SYSU
Tsinghua U.
UCAS
USTC
Wuhan U.
Wuyi U.
Xi'an JT U.
*Subject to funding agency approval
Race for the Mass Hierarchy
• JUNO is competitive for measuring MH using reactor neutrinos – Independent of the yet-unknown CP phase, matter effects and 23
• Many other science goals: Precision measurement of Δm31
2, θ12, Δm212
Geo-, solar, supernova, …, neutrinos 55
NOvA, LBNE: d PINGU, INO: 23=40-50 JUNO: 3%-3.5%
M. Blennow et al., JHEP 1403 (2014) 028
2014/10/9
Summary
• Particle and astro-particle physics are growing rapidly in China
• A lot of projects in neutrino physics, hadron physics and TeV high energy physics
• IHEP will be a center of HEP in the world
• We are very eager to establish more collaborations with Asian countries
• Let’s explore more opportunities
2014/10/9 56
Thanks 谢谢 ขอบคุณครับ