Particle and Nuclear Physicsat J-PARC

July 16, 2003Lattice 2003

Jun ImazatoKEK, IPNS

Outline

Overview of J-PARC (Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex) Strong interaction physics program

– Nuclear physics– Hadron physics

Other particle physics program– Kaon and muon decay physics– Neutrino oscillation

Construction status etc. Summary

Project overview

J-PARC is a high-intensity proton accelerator complex in Japan now under construction consisting of:1. 600 MeV linac2. 3 GeV rapid cycling synchrotron3. 50 GeV main synchrotron4. Experimental facilities

■ Joint project of High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) and Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI)

■ Construction started in 2001 at JAERI Tokai site and completion will be in 2007.

■ A variety of sciences ranging from particle physics to materials and life sciences will be researched.

Configuration of the accelerators

NeutronMuon

Proton accelerators in the world

IPNS

1000

10000

100

10

1

0.01

0.1

0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000

Energy (GeV)

AGS

CERN-PSFNAL-MI

U70

SPS

ISISTRIUMF

PSI(CW)

KEK-12GeV PS

Tevatron

This Project3 GeV

ExistingUnderconstruction

Power

KEK-500MeVBooster

SNS

Proposed

-Materials LifeSciences

1 MW

0.1 MW

ESS

-Nuclear ParticlePhysics

This Project50 GeV

Bird’s-eye view of J-PARC

• Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) Tokai Site

Particle Nuclear Physics

50 GeV SynchrotronNeutrino

Life & Material Science3 GeV Synchrotron

Linac

Nuclear Transmutation

Physics at 50-GeV PS

Nuclear (strong interaction) physics & Particle physics with K, π, , pbar, and other secondary beams

– Hypernuclear spectroscopy– Hyperon-nucleon scattering– Mesons in nuclear matter– Hadron spectroscopy– Neutrino oscillation experiment using Super-Kamiokande– Kaon rare decays to measure CKM matrix elements– CP violation and other symmetry breaking– Low energy QCD in meson decays– Flavor mixing and other topics beyond the Standard Model

Nuclear physics with primary beams – Physics with proton beams (polarized beams in the future)– High-density matter with heavy-ion beams in the future

Experimental hall plan

Strong interaction physicsStrangeness nuclear physics

Hadron physics

Strangeness nuclear physics

Nuclear physics from nuclear surface to nuclear matter:– Does a nucleon keep its identity in deep nuclear matter?

Hyperon imbedded into deep nuclear matter (Hypernucleus) :– Bound in deep states without Pauli blocking– Spectroscopy → mass, potential, YN interaction etc.– Decay study → decay width, moment etc.

Hypernuclei produced in secondary beam reactions: (K,), (,K), (K-,K+) etc.– Only poor data until now due to limited beam intensity Qualitative data improvements expected at J-PARC

Hypernuclear spectroscopy

S=-1 So far and hypernuclear spectroscopy using (K,) and (,K) reactions and

Potential ( ) and shell structure (),N spin-spin interaction, from splitting, etc.Weak force from decays

J-PARCHigh resolution spectroscopy of nuclei ->core excitation, width High-resolution spectroscopy in nuclei -> YN interaction etc. B(E2), B(M1)Deeply-bound kaonic nuclear states ->cold &dense nuclear matter

■ S=-2 : Spectroscopic study of the S=-2 system using (K-, K+)■ reactions will be a new field, which is impossible now with the ■ current beam intensities.

expectation of transitions

Spectroscopy of S=-2 systems

hypernuclei and double hypernuclei double hypernuclear spectroscopy :

only several events reported until now. hypernuclear spectroscopy :

discovery of a hypernucleus expected. mixed states of , and H states ?

K. Ikeda et al., Prog. Theor. Phys. 91 (1994) 747

(K-, K+) reaction at 1.8 GeV/c needs high beam intensity Small cross section e.g. 208Pb(K-,K+) with 2g/cm2 thick target

~6 events/MeV/day

S=-3 - nuclei, charmed-hypernuclei etc.

(K-,K+) spectroscopy of -hypernuclei

∆E~ 2 MeV (FWHM)BL= 6 Tm

K-

K+

1.8 GeV/c

MHY - MA

expectation

NN

YN

from Dover & Feshbach Ann.Phys.198(90)321

+p, Σ++p, Σ−+p and Ξ−+p scatteringNeed high quality data with high statistics

Hyperon-nucleon scattering

Understanding of the flavor SU(3) baryon-baryon interaction.

– YN, YY < NN ?– Repulsive or attractive ?– Repulsive cores in YN/YY ?

What is the origin ?– Spin-dependent forces in Y

N/YY.– Dibaryons ?

■ Recent data from KEK 12-GeV PS (E251, E289, E452)

• Goto et al., NP A648(1999)263• Kondo et al., NP A676(2000)371

still poor data =====>

Proton beam physics

Proposals to study: Meson mass in nuclear matter (next slide)

– Partial restoration of chiral symmetry breaking

Dimuon production from Drell-Yan process and J/ _ _– d/u asymmetry (DY)– Antiquak distibution, etc. (DY)– Quark energy loss in nuclei (DY)– Quarkonium production (J/)

Analyzing power An at large p⊥2 using polarized beam

– Comparison with PQCD and other models Intermediate-mass nuclear fragmentation

– Nuclear liquid-gas phase transition

Hadrons in nuclear matter

Hypernucleus

NormalNucleus

Baryon Implantation Meson Implantation

e+

e−

Meson

Hyperon

Methods to study the origin of hadron mass:– Lattice QCD (theory)– Implantation of a hadron in nuclear matter (J-PARC)

■ Change of meson mass in nuclear matter due to “partial restoration of chiral symmetry”.

Vector meson decay →l+l-

KEK E325 ; K. Ozawa, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5019 (2001).

T.Hatsuda and S.H.Lee, Phys.Rev. C46, R34 (1992)Muroya et al. , hep-lat/0208006

Hadron spectroscopy

Proposals to look for: Gluonic degrees of freedom and exotic states Search for glueballs: gg, ggg

– scalar glueball (0++): 1.5~1.8 GeV/c2

– tensor glueball (2++): > 2.0 GeV/c2

Search for hybrids and exotics _ _– ssg , ccg _ _ _ – qqqq, qqqqq, qqqqqq _

Studies of charmonium (cc) and charmed baryons

■ Missing baryon states in SU(3)

Data with high statistics at J-PARC are essential. 10 GeV K- beam with > 106/sec 20 GeV π± beam, ● 30-50 GeV p beam antiproton beam

Kaon and muon decay physics

Kaon decay physics at J-PARC

■ High precision frontier using high-intensity beams■ Test of the Standard Model and search for new physics■ Complementary to B physics and to the energy frontierCKM matrix determination and test of unitary triangle

Unitarity relation VudVub

* + VcdVcb* + VtdVtb

* =0

Usefullness of FCNC decays _ K0

L→ 0 K+ → (0,0) (1,0)

)

VudVub*

VcdVcb*

VtdVtb*

Proposed K decay experiments

■ CP violation■ _■ K0

L→0 　■ re dca■ 1000 events 　　 ■ ∝2 A4 X 2(xt)

■ Standard Model ■ _

■ K+→ re dca

100 ∝[0] A4 X2(xt)

■ T violation (muon polarization)■ K+→ 0 ; PT ≦10-4 　■ K+→ ; PT ~ 10-4

■ K decay form factors

T violation in K+→0 decay

Search for new physics beyond the SM Multi-Higgs doublet model Leptoquark model R -parity violating SUSY etc.

■ PT in K+→ also measured.

■ Muon transverse polarization PT

PT ~ 10-4 at J-PARC

BNL-E923?

BR and

■ So many channels of leptonic, semileptonic, hadronic 　 and radiative decays

Decay modes with small branching ratio will become possible to explore with high intensity beams at J-PARC. e.g. : Kl 4 、 Kl 3 、 K

■ Good field to test effective theories of low energy QCD

Analysis with Chiral Perturbation Theory e.g. of recent KEK data: K direct emission with chiral 　 anomaly (KEK E470) scattering length using final state interactions with more 　 than two pions : K3 , Ke4 , ..

■ Test of fundamental couplings in the weak decay Tensor and scalar contribution? ( Recent KEK data on Ke3) CKM matrix unitarity? (Proposal to determine Vus from Ke3 ) (Ke3) ~ |f+(0) Vus|2 : accuracy of f+(0) calculation needed.

Example: some issues in K→l

■ M ∝ [ f+(q2) (pK + p’) + f-(q2) (pK - p’)]

f+(q2) = f+(0) [1 + + q2/m2] , (q2) = f-(q2)/f+(q2)

f0(q2) = f+(q2) +[q2/(mK2-m

2) ] f-( q2), f0(q2) = f+(0) [1 + 0 q2/m2]

f+(0) : lattice calculation (f+(0)=1 in SU(3) symmetry)+ : experiment + = 0.0282±0.0027 (PDG)0 : ChPT 0 = 0.0168 ±0.0012 　 (0= + in SU(3) )

■ Three experimental methods to measure (0) (or 0)1) (K3)/(Ke3) (0=0.019±0.005(stat)±0.004 from recent KEK data) 2) Dalitz spectrum3) polarization

Large scattering of (0) (or 0) values among experimental data and experimental methods?

Settling at J-PARC is desirable.

Muon physics

10-1410-1210-1010-810-610-410-2

1940195019601970198019902000Year

KL0→eK+→eA→eA→eee→e High intensity muon source

– PRISM collaboration Lepton flavor violation

→e conversion 10-18 at J-PARC sensitive to SUSY-GUT etc. →e →3e 　　　 _ Mu-Mu conversion - + conversion

Precise measurements g-2, EDM Michel parameters

Neutrino Oscillation

beam of ~1GeVKamioka

JAERI(Tokai-mura)

→ → xx disappearance

→ → ee appearanceNC measurement

0.75 MW 50 GeV PS

Super-K: 50 ktonWater Cherenkov

~Mt “Hyper Kamiokande”

4MW 50GeV PS

CPVproton decay

1st Phase (x102 of K2K)2nd Phase

J-PARC-Kamioka neutrino experiment

inin disappearance

■ Sensitivity at J-PARC (sin22 ) ~ 0.01 (m2) < 1×10-4 ; in 5 years ~ (130 days/year)

■Allowed region from SK and K2K

m232 (eV2)

OAB-3o

(m

232 ) OAB-2o

(si

n2 2

)

K2K

SK

JHF

Sensitivity of e appearance

■ Discovery of e

with a sensitivity at m2 ~3x10-3 eV2

down to sin221 ~0.006 (90% C.L.)

■ Twenty times improvement over the past experiments

Exc

lud

ed b

y r

eact

or

exp

’s

x20 improvement

Construction status etc.

Construction of Phase 1

Item

Linac Bldg

Linac Accel

3GeV Bldg

3GeV Accel

3GeV Exp Bldg

3GeV Exp Fac

50GeV Bldg

50GeV Accel

50GeV Exp Bldg

50GeV Exp Fac

Power 0.1% 1% 10Åì Å 1̀00Åì

Beam Test

3GeV BT

Installation

10Åì Å 1̀00Åì

Beam Test

Construction

Installation

Beam TestInstallationConstruction

Beam TestConstruction Installation

Power 0.1% 1% 10Åì Å 1̀00Åì

Installation

Beam Test

Beam Test

Construction Installation

Start Usage

Test Periodţ

Open to Users

Year2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Construction

Power 0.1% 1%

Phase 1

Phase 2

Linac(Normal Conducting)

50 GeV PS

Neutrinos toSuperKamiokande

50 GeV PSExperimental Area3 GeV PS

(25Hz)

R&D for NuclearTransmutation

Linac(Superconducting)

3 GeV PSExperimental Area

Preparation of experiments

Call for Letter of Intent for experiments : July 2002 Submission of LoI : Dec.2002

– Strangeness nuclear physics : 6– Hadron physics : 7– Kaon decay : 5– Neutrino oscillation : 1– Muon decay : 3– Facility : 9

Screening of LoI by pre-PAC : June 2003 Selection of a few candidates of Day1experiments Full experimental proposals and layout of beamlines : in

2004

Other facilities at J-PARC

1014

1015

1016

1017

1018

10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101

Coupled H2

Energy (eV)

ILL (Cold)

Decoupled H2Decoupled H2(poisoned)

■ Materials and Life Science FacilityUse of 3 GeV RCS pulsed beam Neutron facility Scattering Diffraction Radiography ……

Muon facility SR

Condensed matter, soft matter, Structual biology, Industrial application, …

■ Nuclear Waste Transmutation (ADS) Technical development using the linac beam

Pulse n Peak intensity J-PARC

1MW= ~200× ILL2nd

Neutron diffraction from protein

From structure to function

Hen Egg-White Lysozyme

Water moleculesobserved withneutrons

X-rays Neutrons

タンパク質DNA

A proteinmoleculemoving alongthe DNA chain

Protein

Hydrogen (H) Oxygen (O)

Summary

J-PARC is now under construction aiming for the completion of Phase 1 in 2007.

It will deliver many kinds of hadron beams with the world highest intensity.

Not only neutrino oscillation and rare decay physics, but also a variety of strong interaction physics (QCD and nuclear) will be main projects at the 50 GeV proton synchrotron.

J-PARC aims for an international research center in many science fields.

End of Slides