Participatory Irrigation

Management in Odisha

Dr. B.N. DashAdditional Director , PPSU,

Water Resources Department

IntroductionThe concept of Participatory Irrigation

Management (PIM) has been recognized all

over the world as a tool for improving irrigation

management along with sustainability of the

system. Irrigation systems need to be

restructured to make water management

efficient. However increasing demand of water

in all sectors has made it imperative to improve

the efficiency of the Irrigation system.

Water Policy and Legal Framework

• National Water Policy, 1987:- Emphasis on involvement of farmers in water distribution and collection of water rates.

• National Water Policy, 2002- Multi-stakeholder Participation, women’s participation, Involvement of WUA and local bodies in operation, maintenance and management of irrigation infrastructure, ultimate transfer to user groups.

• Enactment of Laws on PIM by 13 states during last decade, Andhra Pradesh first legislated exclusive law in 1997.

• Govt. of Odisha enacted PP Act during 2002 & PP Rule 2003 and subsequently PP Act (Amendment) during 2008, the Rule of which is yet to be prepared

ODISHA

Water Resources at a Glance• 1.Total Geographical area --15.57 million ha.• 2.Total water resources available -- 141 mil. Ham.• 3.Surface water --120 mil. Ham.• 4.Ground water --21 mil. Ham.• 5.Utilisable surface water --80 mil. Ham.• 6.Total cultivable area – 6.165 mil.ha.• 7.Total irrigable area – 4.99 mil.ha.• 8.Irrigation potential created -- 2.603 mil. Ha.• 9.Major/medium flow irrigation --1.239 mil. Ha.• 10. Minor irrigation (flow) -- 0.511 mil. Ha.• 11.Lift irrigation (minor) -- 0.409 mil. Ha.• 12. Others -- 0.444 mil. Ha.

Objectives1. To promote and secure equitable distribution

of water among its users, adequate maintenance of irrigation system, efficient and economical utilisation of water to optimise agricultural production.

2. To protect the environment and to ensure

ecological balance inculcating sense of ownership of the irrigation system in accordance with the water budget and the

operational plan.

Cont….

3. To Bridge the gap between potential created and potential utilized.

4. To have immediate attention to problems and resolution of disputes.

5. To ensure collective action for management of agricultural extension services.

PIM in Odisha

• Participatory Irrigation Management was introduced in the state during 1995 on a pilot basis under Orissa Water Resources. Consolidation Project (OWRCP) under the banner of Farmers Organization and Turnover (FOT). Experiencing its success at large, it was extended to all the commands of Major, Medium, Minor and lift Irrigation Projects. Subsequently. During the year 2000, the Water Users Associations have been renamed as Pani Panchayats.

Legal Support

• “The Odisha Pani Panchayat Act-2002” has been enforced in the state since 15.11.2002.

• “The Odisha Pani Panchayat Rules” 2003 has also been enforced since 23.04.2003

• Prior to enforcement of PP Act & Rules, Pani Panchayats were registered under the Societies Registration Act-1860.

• Directorate of CAD-PIM has been established vide GN on 16th Jan ,2008

Amendment to the Odisha PP Act-2002

• Inclusion of fisher folk .• Increase in tenure of Pani Panchayat office

Bearers & Executive Body from 3 years to 6 years subject to replacement of 50% by lottery.

• Election of members from the chaks on a rotation basis and representing, head, middle and tail reach.

• Inclusion of women by reservation of 1/3rd of the total number of seats in the Executive Committee.

Medium

PC

P.P

Minor

PC

P.P P.P

L.IMajor

PC

P.P

D.C

C.C C.C C.C

STATE LEVEL COMMITTEE

C.C. : Chak Committee / P.P.: Pani Panchayat / D.C: Distributary Committee

P.C.: Project Committee

PANI PANCHAYAT WUAs structure

Circle Wise No of PPs Sl. No. Project Circle No of PPs Area in ha.

1

Major & Medium Irrigation Projects

Eastern Circle, Cuttack 426 1912312 Central Irrigation Circle, Bhubaneswar. 334 1556293 Drainage, Cuttack 31 119604 Angul Irrigation Circle 59 247135 Rengali Canal Circle, Kamakshyanagar 49 218206 Sukinda Canal Circle, Sukinda 23 101937 CCE, Anandapur Barrage Project 217 987908 Subernarekha Irrigation Circle, Laxmiposi 14 55329 Baripada Irrigation Circle 77 34834

10 Southern Irrigation Circle, Berhampur 328 15087011 Western IC, Bhawanipatna 80 3505112 C.C.E, Upper Kolab Irr. Project 97 4450013 U.I. Right Canal Circle, Mukhiguda 208 7414114 CCE, Poteru Irr. Project 203 6481615 Hirakud Dam Circle, Burla 373 17982516 Bolangir Irr. Circle 44 21096

Sub-Total 16 2563 11250011

Minor Irrigation Project

S.E,C.M.I.C 532 724972 S.E,K.B.K-I,M.I.C 262 474023 S.E,K.B.K-II,M.I.C 222 356364 S.E,N.M.I.C 366 541745 S.E, S.M.I.C 815 929716 S.E, E.M.I.C 453 61447

Sub-Total 6 2650 3641271

Lift Irrigation Project

Sambalpur(NC) 3208 781372 Bhawani Patna (WC) 4423 938993 Cuttack(CC) 4984 1136594 Balasore Circle 3461 692885 Berhampur (SC) 2793 53723

Sub –Total 5 18869 408706Grant Total 27 24082 1897834

• Shortening Kharif, matching Kharif with rain water and save reservoir water for Rabi

• Commenced in September 2013 in Sunei and Remal

• Rabi 2013-14– Planned: Sunei 2000 ha, Remal – 500 ha– Achievement: Sunei 1838 ha, Remal 259 ha– Pulses, oilseeds, vegetables and paddy– For first time intermittent irrigation instead of

continuous irrigation provided in 6 PPs of Sunei– Collective Marketing in Rabi by PPs

• Kharif 2014– System wide coverage - 20 PPs in Sunei and 9 PPs

in Remal

Demonstration of Integrated Irrigated System Management

15 16

17 18

19 20

21 22

23 2

25 2

27 2

29 3

311 2

3 4

5 6

7 8

9 10

11 12

13 14

15 16

17 18

19 20

21 22

23 2

25 2

27 2

29 3

311 2

3 4

5 6

7 8

9 10

11 12

13 14

15 16

17 18

19 20

21 22

23 2

25 2

27 2

1 2

3 4

5 6

7 8

9 10

11 12

12 14

15 16

17 18

19 20

21 22

23 2

25 2

27 2

29 3

311 2

3 4

5 6

7 8

9 10

11 12

13 14

15 16

17 18

19 20

21 22

23 24

25 26

27 28

29 30

1Crop stages: Paddy

2

Crop stages: Mung Bean and similar crops

3

Original Plan- (PP Expectation at farm level)

4

Revised Irrig. Schedule (in J an 2014) (At Sluice)

Irrigation: Actual Release (from SIO records)

01 to 30 April 2014

Harvest-ing

begins

Note: Many farmers required irrigation in late April due to late planting. They couldn't plant early as the first two irrigations were not adequate. Harvesting completed in May, Delay in the commencement of Kharif-2014 was mainly due to a few construction works and not because of Rabi. Intermittent irrigation (as seen in this Rabi) is "new" to Sunei.

Crop15 to 31 Dec 2013 01 to 31 Jan 2014 01 to 28 Feb 2014 01 to 31 March 2014

Land prep. Nursery

Trans-planting

Harvesting, based on revised plan

Land prep. Sowing

FloweringStage

Harvesting based on original plan

Sunei: Irrigation Schedule: Original Plan (Dec 2013), Revised (Jan 2014) and Actual

CropRate per quintal (Rs.)

Mode of Marketing Role of SST (Specialists and COs)

G.Nut 3100-3500

100% through private Dealers and MARKFED.

Farmers in a village got together and fixed the price with dealer and sold to private dealer at a common spot.

Organize farmers in groups Calculate the approximate quantity

produce the group has Inform private dealers about the

availability of produce. Inform farmers the Present price of

produce in different markets Mobilize framer groups to bargain

strongly for better price and other facilities with Dealers, as they have several dealers with them.

Providing opportunity to farmers to bargain for better price through providing current market information and number of private dealer’s contact details.

Initiative has been taken with the association of DAO Udala to market groundnut with MARKFED .

Green Gram

4500-5200

50% of production available for marketing has been marketed through local market ,45% marketed through the private dealers balance 5% to SHGs for Value Addition

Mustard 4200-4500 100% through Private Dealers.

Paddy 1250-132060% of paddy marketed through Government MSP and rest 40 % through private dealers

Collective Marketing of Rabi Crops -2013-14, Sunei

15

Empowerment of Pani Panchayat

• Quarterly Publication of Pani Panchayat SamacharQuarterly Publication of Pani Panchayat Samachar

• Organisation of Pani Panchayat fortnight from 26Organisation of Pani Panchayat fortnight from 26thth

December to 9December to 9thth January every year. January every year.• Programmes are being broadcasted through AIR & Programmes are being broadcasted through AIR &

Television.Television.• Felicitation to best performing Pani Panchayats during Felicitation to best performing Pani Panchayats during

PP fortnight celebration every year.PP fortnight celebration every year.

• Regular on campus & off campus training programme Regular on campus & off campus training programme

by WALMI by WALMI

• Interstate & intra-state training-cum-exposure visit Interstate & intra-state training-cum-exposure visit Cont..Cont..

Cont..Cont..

Empowerment of Pani Panchayat

• Organization of experience sharing workshop. Organization of experience sharing workshop.

• Monthly interactive GRAMSAT programme .Monthly interactive GRAMSAT programme .

• IEC campaign through distribution of leaflets, poster, IEC campaign through distribution of leaflets, poster,

street plays & wall paintings every year. street plays & wall paintings every year.

• Publication of success stories in “ Krushak Bandhu Publication of success stories in “ Krushak Bandhu

Arnapurna”.Arnapurna”.

• On site handholding support to the PPs under various On site handholding support to the PPs under various

external aided projects .external aided projects .

Empowerment of Pani Panchayat

• The best performing PPs are being awarded with a The best performing PPs are being awarded with a

cash of Rs. 3.00 lakhs for construction of PP office cash of Rs. 3.00 lakhs for construction of PP office

building building

• Grant-in-Aid in being provided every year for repair & Grant-in-Aid in being provided every year for repair &

maintenance of the canals by the PPsmaintenance of the canals by the PPs

• PPs are being involved in canal works through PPs are being involved in canal works through

MGNREGS fundings.MGNREGS fundings.

• CAD activities are being taken up by the PPs CAD activities are being taken up by the PPs

18

Empowerment of Pani Panchayat

This makes the PP a platform for optimum This makes the PP a platform for optimum

utilization of resources. utilization of resources.

ProductivityProductivityOther partners of Development

NGOs

Research

Fishery Animal

Husbandry .

Horticulture

Agriculture

Important stakeholders of Farming System

Major Roles of Extension Managers with the Major Roles of Extension Managers with the paradigm shift from top-down to buttom-up paradigm shift from top-down to buttom-up approach;approach;

1.1. Facilitator :- Facilitator :- how to understand, analyze, planning, how to understand, analyze, planning, implementation, evaluation implementation, evaluation

2.2. Community Organizer- Community Organizer- Formation of groups to self Formation of groups to self modalities groups.modalities groups.

3.3. Negotiator –Negotiator – Conflict resolution Conflict resolution

4.4. Human Resources Developer-Human Resources Developer- How to understand How to understand potentiality, how to explore opportunities how to own potentiality, how to explore opportunities how to own the management process capacity Building plan & the management process capacity Building plan & implementation Enterprise Management implementation Enterprise Management

Specific Role of Extension Managers in PIM Specific Role of Extension Managers in PIM

Organizational Development Organizational Development

• Attend the meeting / Ds Meeting / PC meeting per PP Attend the meeting / Ds Meeting / PC meeting per PP

Act.Act.

• Vision DevelopmentVision Development

• Mobilize farmers to farmer CIG/ FIG/ WIGMobilize farmers to farmer CIG/ FIG/ WIG

• Develop LeadershipDevelop Leadership

• Share informationShare information

• Help in selection of good leader ship of chak & PP Help in selection of good leader ship of chak & PP

level level

• Help in conducting regular chak / PP meeting train on Help in conducting regular chak / PP meeting train on

record keeping record keeping

• Dealership Dealership

Infrastructure Development Infrastructure Development

• Facilitate canal repair maintenance construction of Facilitate canal repair maintenance construction of

field channels, field drains construction of fields to field field channels, field drains construction of fields to field

channels etc. channels etc.

Economic Development Economic Development • Selection of crops, crop planning / relation Selection of crops, crop planning / relation • Crop production technology, market led production, Crop production technology, market led production,

market linkage, contract farming etc. , value addition, market linkage, contract farming etc. , value addition, storage technology, enterprise management, storage technology, enterprise management, convergence of schemesconvergence of schemes

Capacity Development Capacity Development • Need based training plan implementation Need based training plan implementation • Exposure visit Exposure visit • Preparation of plan implementation review Preparation of plan implementation review

These Specific Roles

Help to ensure PIM

Increase of productivity crop Diversification value addition etc.

Increase Income

Economic & Social growth

Sustainability of Groups

THANKS A LOT FOR

YOUR CO-OPERATION