participation of local government and communities in implementing activities at the demonstration...
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Presented by Dr. Vo Si Tuan, Former Senior Expert, UNEP/DGEF For further information, please visit the project website: www.unepscs.orgTRANSCRIPT
REVERSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION TRENDS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND GULF OF THAILAND
WWW.UNEPSCS.ORG
PARTICIPATION OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND COMMUNITIES IN IMPLEMENTING ACTIVITIES AT THE
DEMONSTRATION SITES OF THE UNEP/GEF PROJECT ENTITLED
“REVERSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION TRENDS IN THE SOUTH CHINA
SEA AND GULF OF THAILAND”
Presented by Dr. Vo Si Tuan, Former Senior Expert, UNEP/DGEF For further information, please visit the project website: www.unepscs.org
REVERSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION TRENDS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND GULF OF THAILAND
WWW.UNEPSCS.ORG
3. Serve as nodes in a regional learning network for the South China Sea.
Habitat demonstration sites approved by the Project Steering Committee
Role of demonstration sites:
1. Implement experiment in new management models and methods. 2. Generate knowledge, experiences, and good practices.
Kampot
REVERSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION TRENDS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND GULF OF THAILAND
WWW.UNEPSCS.ORG
Land-based Pollution Pilot Activities and Self-funded Projects
LingDingYang – artificial wetlands for waste treatment
SFP Cu Lao Cham – MPA for sustainable use of coral reefs &
associated resources
SFP Thi Nai – Ecological restoration and multiple use
of coastal lagoon
SFP LARCM – Coastal zone management
SFP CHARM – Coastal habitat & resource co-management
Batam – Industry & community Involvement in waste
management
REVERSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION TRENDS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND GULF OF THAILAND
WWW.UNEPSCS.ORG
Cross-sectoral Management to Ensure Coordination Mechanism for Multiple Use of Coastal Habitats
Concerns:
Sectoral management common in the region – conflicts among sectors and reduction of total benefits from habitats
Solutions:
Management Boards with participation of related government utilities, NGOs, private sector, local communities
Integration of activities under demonstration projects with other related actions at local levels
Maintenance of coordination mechanism for management of habitat and resources beyond the project
REVERSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION TRENDS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND GULF OF THAILAND
WWW.UNEPSCS.ORG
Cross-sectoral Management to Ensure Coordination Mechanism for Multiple Use of Coastal Habitats
Good Practice at Hepu Seagrass Demonstration Site Hepu
Dugong Protection
Station
Beihai EPA
CSCIO
Beihai RDC Beihai
AquaticAdm
Beihai Ocean Adm
Beihai MSA
Hepu Govt
Tieshanggang Govt
Admin. Committee (City Govt.)
• Establishment of the first State-level Nature Reserve for Seagrass-Dugong• Improved infrastructure for the Zone• Building of a platform for scientific research and education• Maintaining a favorable balance between economic development and environmental protection
REVERSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION TRENDS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND GULF OF THAILAND
WWW.UNEPSCS.ORG
Involvement of Local Related Stakeholders in Development of Fisheries Refugia
Concerns:
MPAs/Marine Parks developed not based on sound scientific information for re-stock of living resources – poor integration with fisheries sectors
Limitation of experts on life-cycle of marine resources
Weak integration among scientists, managers and local communities
Solutions:
• Using knowledge of local fishermen in identifying spawning and nursery areas – Interpretation between local and scientific language
• Participation of local people in developing and implementation of management plan and regulation
• Formalisation of local agreements by local governments
REVERSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION TRENDS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND GULF OF THAILAND
WWW.UNEPSCS.ORG
Involvement of Local Related Stakeholders in Development of Fisheries Refugia
Development of the regional refugia network
Pilot project for development of pilot refugia at Phu Quoc (Viet Nam)
Stakeholder Consultations on Refugia Concept
Review of Fish Egg and Larvae Data for Refugia
Identification
Local consultation in Phu Quoc on Mapping Known
Refugia
REVERSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION TRENDS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND GULF OF THAILAND
WWW.UNEPSCS.ORG
Law Enforcement through Supports of Local Government and Participation of Communities
Concerns:
Many laws but inefficient effectiveness
Lack of human and financial capacity for enforcement
Solutions:
• Appropriate mechanism and legal basis for local involvement
• Financial supports from local government
• Mobilising fund from other sources
• Training on knowledge on habitats and enforcement skill
• Public awareness to gain community supports
REVERSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION TRENDS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND GULF OF THAILAND
WWW.UNEPSCS.ORG
Law Enforcement through Supports of Local Government and Participation of Communities
Good Practice at Bolinao Seagrass Demonstration Site : “Bantay Daggat” – Local Law Enforcement in Coastal Management
• The “Bantay Dagat” operates with 8 motorized native outriggers (bancas):1 speedboat (donated by BFAR)1 from SAGIP Project1 from BSDS5 from LGU Decrease in number of violations (dynamite
and trawl fishing and use of active gear (1997 - 2007)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
No. of
appre
hensio
ns• 17 law enforcers, 16
volunteers from peoples’ organizations (POs)
REVERSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION TRENDS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND GULF OF THAILAND
WWW.UNEPSCS.ORG
Changes of Awareness and Habits for Encouraging LocalPeople in Managing Land-based Pollution
Concerns:
Lack of willingness of local people
Costed in waste treatment
Negative habits in discharsing domestic waste
Solutions:
• Involvement of local people in planning & implementation
• Clear responsiveness in sustainable development
• Tools for management (legal basis and commitments, monitoring)
• Enhancement of public awareness
REVERSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION TRENDS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND GULF OF THAILAND
WWW.UNEPSCS.ORG
Changes of Awareness and Habits for Encouraging LocalPeople in Managing Land-based Pollution
Good Practice at Batam Pilot Project, Indonesia : Industry and Local Community Involvement in Land-based Pollution Management
• Local Government : Controlling and evaluating of environmental management of industries (e.g. documents, sea water quality and activities) & seminar, socialization, training for industrial sectors / stake holders
• Industrial sector: Reporting of environmental management of industrial activities; Compliance to the National and Local government regulations; and Monitoring Sea Water Quality
• Participation of the local communities started from planning, designing, construction and maintenance of communal septic tank system.
• The willingness of local community to offer their own land for the placement of communal septic tank.
• Participation of women (house wives) in solid waste management particularly for composting activities.
Domestic waste management
Heavy metal discharging management
REVERSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION TRENDS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND GULF OF THAILAND
WWW.UNEPSCS.ORG
Involvement of Private Sector in Habitat Management
Concerns:
Inadequacy of human and financial capacity for management
Priority of private sector in getting profits
Solutions:
• Appropriate policy of the government for private sector in habitat management
• Profits for investors through sustainable use of resources
• Integration of private sector and local communities
Coordination Committee
of FCG Demo Site
Zone 1 (Beilun Mangrove Reserve)
Managed by Oceanic Administration
of FCG
Zone 2 (Mangrove Park run by Xindi Co. Ltd
Guangxi Mangrove Research
Center
Site Manager （ LIU Jingfa）
And Chief Scientist
（ Dr. FAN Hangqing）
REVERSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION TRENDS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND GULF OF THAILAND
WWW.UNEPSCS.ORG
Involvement of Private Sector in Habitat Management
• Xindi Co. Ltd donates money to support mangrove conservation activities organized by local government• Local government offers policy supports to mangrove conservation in a multi-sectoral management attempt• Army and police help to conduct law and regulation enforcement for mangrove conservation• Schools and local communities engage in mangrove education• Invite famous designer (Edew of USA) to design a mangrove eco park• Raise construction funds from different sources
Good Practice at Fangchengang Mangrove Demonstration Site – Management of the Mangrove Urban by Xindi Co. Ltd
REVERSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION TRENDS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND GULF OF THAILAND
WWW.UNEPSCS.ORG
Integration of Traditional Wisdom into Management Plan
Concerns:
Traditional regulations applied effectively
Weak enforcement of formal laws because of lack capacity
Solutions:
• Possibility to integrate traditional wisdom to management at large scale
• Promotion of participation of local communities in enforcement
REVERSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION TRENDS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND GULF OF THAILAND
WWW.UNEPSCS.ORG
Integration of Traditional Wisdom into Management Plan
Good Practice at Belitung Coral Reef Demonstration Site – Integration of Traditional Wisdom in Development of Management Plan
The traditional wisdom:- Whoever fishes in Gersik and Suak Gual waters should use the same fishing gear as local people- Light fishing is forbidden in Gersik and Suak Gual village waters-Whoever goes against the agreement will be punished
Experiences and practices of the traditional wisdom in Gersik and Suak
Gual would be applied into management plan for coral reefs and related resources of Selat Nasik Sub-
district
REVERSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION TRENDS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND GULF OF THAILAND
WWW.UNEPSCS.ORG
Supplementary and Alternative Livelihood as a ToolFor Improvement of Habitat and Resources Management
Concerns:
Dependence of local people on resources related to coastal habitats
Poor practices causing habitat degradation
Low awareness on sustainable useSolutions:
• Finding alternate activities not harmful directly to habitats
• Training on techniques and improvement of quality & prices of products
• Reasonable use of nature living resources that recovered by effective management
REVERSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION TRENDS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND GULF OF THAILAND
WWW.UNEPSCS.ORG
Supplementary and Alternative Livelihood as a ToolFor Improvement of Habitat and Resources Management
Good Practice at Batu Ampar Mangrove Demonstration Site – Livelihood Alternatives
Coconut charcoal production to reduce mangrove cutting
Soft-shell crab culture
Leban plantation for Leban plantation for replaced materialsreplaced materials
REVERSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION TRENDS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND GULF OF THAILAND
WWW.UNEPSCS.ORG
Sustainable Tourism Based on Coastal Habitats
Concerns:
Expanded uncontrolled tourism in the region
Poor planning for tourist development
Tourism as tool for enhancement of habitat management or as impacts for degradation?Solutions:
• Planning with participation of local related stakeholders
• Sound scientific information required for planning
• Enhancement of consensus and awareness on sustainable management
• Mechanism for enforcement
• Encouraging responsiveness of tourist sectors
REVERSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION TRENDS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND GULF OF THAILAND
WWW.UNEPSCS.ORG
Sustainable Tourism Based on Coastal Habitats
Good Practice at Koh Chang Coral Reef Demonstration Site – Sustainable Tourism based on Coral Reefs- Carrying capacity study for tourism in Mu Koh Chang
- Study to determine tourist fee for coral reef management purposes
- Establishment of Local Guide Centre
- Demonstration project of coral reef restoration
- An underwater snorkeling trail
- Installation of additional mooring buoys
- Building awareness and education on ecological importance and sustainable use of coral reefs
A management plan and guideline for sustainable tourism based on coastal resources, taking into account functions of local related
stakeholders and linkages in the network
REVERSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION TRENDS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND GULF OF THAILAND
WWW.UNEPSCS.ORG
Replication of Lessons Learnt and Good Practices
What should be done:
• Documentation for dissemination (project website, publications ...)
• Visits to the sites
Feasibility in application:
• Lessons learnt at the regional level could be applied in other regional projects
• Consideration if any difference in real conditions at the site level (Municipal rights to sea areas in the Philippines; dependence of coastal communities on forest resources in Batu Ampar)
• Some sensitivities (serve punishes of Belitung traditional wisdom, including stoned)