partially ionized gas -contains ions, electrons and neutral particles
Post on 19-Dec-2015
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TRANSCRIPT
FORCES ACTING ON DUST
ELECTROSTATIC•Electrons have a much higher thermal velocity than ions, due to their small mass.•Initially, ions and electrons are concentrated in the centre of the plasma.•Because of their larger thermal velocity, electrons diffuse to the outer chamber faster than ions.•Charge gradient = confining electric field directed radially outwards.
ION DRAG FORCE• Due to the transfer of momentum between ions and dust particles• One of two ways
direct collision Coulomb Collision (where a charged particle’s
momentum is changed because it is in the vicinity of another charged particle)
What is happening??•The plasma is turned off – no changing electric field between electrodes•Electron temperature decreases rapidly (to approx. 300K) because they are no longer being given energy by the electric field •REMEMBER
•So dust particles become much less negative, as ion flux is closer in magnitude to electron flux onto dust particle (from about -1000e to -15e)• This occurs in the first 500 microseconds of the afterglow (ie. less than the time from one frame to the next)
a l
lad II
dt
dQ
OBSERVATIONS SUGGESTForces change •The electric force (inwards) exceeds the ion drag force outwards.
Equilibrium upset •Thus, the equilibrium of the forces on the void boundary is perturbed and the void collapses.
Stability regained •We observe that the void regains stability again before falling, suggesting that an equilibrium is once again established.
So the charge on the dust particle
remains constant, and an equilibrium is again established.
Ions and electrons
diffuse and are lost at the
same rate
Ambipolar
diffusion
WHY DOES IT STOP
CONTRACTING?
Questions still to be answeredWhy does the
boundary of the void become less distinct
over time?
What happens to the void when diffusion
switches from ambipolar to free?
Why does the void seem to collapse at the top of the
chamber ? What is the significance of when this
happens?
These boxes are here
Why study dusty plasmas?
ONE: they’re everywhere! 99% of the universe is dusty plasma!
TWO: Dusty plasma plays a significant part in the semiconductor industry, and has been responsible for contamination of wafers in the past.
THREE: allows us to study systems of self-organization – that is, where a system becomes more complex in its organization without the help of an outside source.