PARTS OF SPEECHPARTS OF SPEECH“Education is a progressive discovery of our own ignorance. “

Will Durant

1 May 2013

"There is no education like adversity."

Disraeli, Endymion

By Haslinda Midy

1 May 2013

haslinda

This presentation provides a very basic introduction to the concept of parts of speech in language. Actually, the study of parts of speech can be quite complicated and involved, but the purpose of this presentation is to give the students a working vocabulary and a way to improve their grasp of grammar.

My Way ………………

1 May 2013

haslinda

There are nine parts of speech . . .

1)Nouns2)Verbs3)Pronouns4)Adjectives5)Adverbs6)Conjunctions7)Articles8)Prepositions9)Interjections

It is important to understand that every word in a sentence has a job to do, a role in the sentence.

1 - NOUN1 - NOUNA noun is a type of word that represents a person, A noun is a type of word that represents a person, thing, place or quality.thing, place or quality.

For examples:For examples:

1 May 2013

haslinda

Person ~ Mr. Kamarul likes to eat spinach.

Place ~ Mission is an old town.

Thing ~ To cook, you need a couple of pots.

Quality ~ Honesty is a great value to possess.

2 - VERB2 - VERBA verb is a type of word that describes an action or a A verb is a type of word that describes an action or a state of being, state of being, like like talktalk, , walkwalk, , runrun, , jumpjump, , bebe, , dodo, , havehave, or , or thinkthink..

There are two types of verbs : regular & irregularThere are two types of verbs : regular & irregular

1 May 2013

haslinda

Regular verbs are those whose past tense (for example, "I looked") and past participle (for example, "I had looked") are formed by following the standard rule: adding a "d" or an "ed" to the end of the verb (sometimes a final consonant is doubled, and if there is a y at the end of the word after a consonant, it changes to an "ied”.

Verb Past Tense Past Participle I walk You walked They had walked

I plan She plannedThey have planned

I carry He carried They have carried

Irregular verbs are those whose past tense (for example, "I rode") and past participle (for example, "I had ridden") have forms that do not follow the standard rules. There are many irregular verbs (over 250) in English, including be, break, bring, come, eat, go, meet, run, swim, and many more. The chart below are some examples of irregular verbs. 

1 May 2013

haslinda

Verb Past TensePast Participle

(had)be was / were been

break broke brokenbring brought broughtcome came comeeat ate eatengo went gone

meet met metbuild built builtbuy bought bought

choose chose chosenswim swam swam

do / does did done

3 - PRONOUN3 - PRONOUNA pronoun is a substitute for a noun. Some A pronoun is a substitute for a noun. Some pronouns pronouns are: are: II, , meme, , sheshe, , hehe, , herher, , himhim, , itit, , youyou, , theythey, , and and themthem. . 

1 May 2013

haslinda

PRONOUNS

Pronoun as

Subject

Pronoun as Object

Pronoun as

Possessive

Adjective

Possessive

Pronoun

Reflexive Pronoun

1st PersonSingular

I me my mine myself

2nd Person

Singularyou you your yours yourself

3rd Person

Singular

hesheit

himherit

hisherits

hishersits

himselfherselfitself

1st PersonPlural

we us our ours ourselves

2nd PersonPlural

you you your yours yourselves

3rd PersonPlural

they them their theirsthemselve

s

4 - ADJECTIVE4 - ADJECTIVEAn adjective is a word that describes, An adjective is a word that describes, identifies, modifies, or quantifies something identifies, modifies, or quantifies something (a noun or a pronoun). In the phrase, (a noun or a pronoun). In the phrase, ""the black catthe black cat" the word " the word blackblack is an is an adjective because it describes the cat.adjective because it describes the cat.

1 May 2013

haslinda

Adjectives can be classified into many categories. Adjectives are generally used in the order:

 quantity-->opinion-->size-->age-->shape-->colour-->origin-->material-->purpose.

1 May 2013

haslinda

quantity  few, no, one, two, three, four, little, several, many, all,

opinion  good, better, best, bad, worse, worst, wonderful, splendid

personality/emotion happy, sad, excited, scared, frightened,

sound  loud, soft, silent, vociferous, screaming, shouting

taste sweet, sour, acidic, bitter, salty, tasty, delicious, savoury

touch  hard, soft, silky, velvety, bumpy, smooth, grainy, coarse

size, weight heavy, light, big, small, little, tiny, tall, short, fat, thin

smell perfumed, acrid, burnt, smelly, reeking, pungent, aromatic

speed quick, fast, slow, speeding, rushing, bustling, swift

temperature hot, cold, freezing, icy, frosty, frozen, nippy, chilly

age  young, old, teenage, ancient, antique, old-fashioned, youthful

distance short, long, far, distant, nearby, close, faraway, outlying

shape round, circular, square, triangular, oval, sleek, blobby, flat

miscellaneous qualities

full, empty, wet, dry, open, closed

brightness light, dark, bright, shadowy, shining, pale, dull

colour pink, red, orange, yellowish, blue, purple, black

time  early, late, morning, night, evening, everlasting, initial, first

origin/location equatorial, American, Canadian, English

material glass, wooden, cloth, fabric, cotton, plastic, leather

purpose folding, swinging, work, racing, cooking, sleeping, dance

Some of the categories are as follows:

1 May 2013

haslinda

QUANTITY

OPINION SIZE AGE SHAPE COLOUR ORIGINMATERIA

LPURPOSE NOUN

five   huge young   black Canadian     bears

  battered   oldshapeles

sgray   cotton work pants

manymagnifice

nt   antique     British   reference books

one studious   teenaged     American     boy

few shiny     round blue Indian     gems

manywell-made

tiny  elongate

dbrown   wooden fishing boats

several cheap large     purple   polyester sleeping bags

Example of the Sequence of Multiple Adjectives in Chart Form:

5 - ADVERB5 - ADVERBAn adverb is a word that describes an action, An adverb is a word that describes an action, telling "how," "when," "where," "how often," or telling "how," "when," "where," "how often," or "how much" an action took place. In the phrase "how much" an action took place. In the phrase ""the cat ate hungrilythe cat ate hungrily," hungrily is an adverb since it ," hungrily is an adverb since it describes how the cat ate. Adverbs often end in describes how the cat ate. Adverbs often end in ‘ly’. Some adverbs ‘ly’. Some adverbs are: are: easilyeasily, , warmlywarmly, , quicklyquickly, , mainlymainly, , freelyfreely, , oftenoften, and , and unfortunatelyunfortunately..

For examples:For examples:

1 May 2013

haslinda

manner Described ‘how’ something happens, e.g. beautifully, terribly, quietly

place Described ‘where’ something happens, e.g. here, there, everywhere

time Described ‘how long’ or ‘when’ something happens, e.g. before, after

frequency Described ‘how often’ something happens, e.g. sometimes, often

degree Described to ‘what’ degree something happens, e.g. almost, nearly

certainty Described how probable it is that something will happen, e.g. definitely, probably

6 - CONJUNCTION6 - CONJUNCTIONA conjunction is a word that joins other words, A conjunction is a word that joins other words, phrases, clauses or sentences. Some phrases, clauses or sentences. Some conjunctions are: conjunctions are: andand, , asas, , becausebecause, , butbut, , oror, , neither/norneither/nor, , forfor, , sincesince, , soso, , untiluntil, , yetyet, and , and while.while.

1 May 2013

haslinda

Words to words

Most children like cookies and milk.

Phrases to phrases

The gold is hidden at the beach or by the lakeside.

Clauses to clauses

What you say and what you do are two different things.

Coordinating conjunctions join equals to one another: words to words, phrases to phrases, clauses to clauses.

7 - ARTICLES7 - ARTICLESAn article is a word that introduces a noun or a An article is a word that introduces a noun or a noun phrase, and also limits or clarifies it. In noun phrase, and also limits or clarifies it. In English, the indefinite articles are English, the indefinite articles are aa and  and anan while while the definite article is the definite article is thethe..

For examples:For examples:

1 May 2013

haslinda

a Use for countable nouns which start with consonant letters, e.g. a boy, a cat, a duck

an Use for countable nouns which start with vowel letters, e.g. an aeroplane, an egg, an octopus

the - Use for uncountable nouns when you are talking about a particular example of that thing

- Use for countable nouns the second and subsequent times you use the noun, or when the listener already knows what you are referring to (maybe because there is only one of that thing)

8 - PREPOSITION8 - PREPOSITIONA preposition is a word that shows the A preposition is a word that shows the spatial (space), temporal (time), or logical spatial (space), temporal (time), or logical relationship of its object to the rest of the relationship of its object to the rest of the sentence. sentence.

For examples:  For examples:  

aboveabove, , afterafter, , againstagainst, , asas, , atat, , beneathbeneath, , betwbetweeneen, behind,, behind,byby, , duringduring, , exceptexcept, , forfor  fromfrom, , inin, , intointo, , likelike, , nearnear, , onon, , overover, , pastpast, , sincesince, , underunder,  ,  uponupon, , with.with.  

The cat is on the table.The cat is on the table.The dog is under the table.The dog is under the table. 1 May 2013

haslinda

9 - INTERJECTION9 - INTERJECTIONAn interjection is a word that expresses An interjection is a word that expresses emotion as an interruption or an aside. In emotion as an interruption or an aside. In other words, they are words or phrases other words, they are words or phrases used to exclaim or protest or command.used to exclaim or protest or command. An interjection often starts a sentence but An interjection often starts a sentence but it can be contained within the sentence or it can be contained within the sentence or can stand alone. can stand alone.

Some interjections are: Some interjections are: ahah, , ahaaha, , alasalas, , awaw, , ayay, , bahbah, , eheh, , hurrayhurray, , manman, , ohoh

1. Hey! Get off that floor!1. Hey! Get off that floor!2. Oh, that is a surprise.2. Oh, that is a surprise.3. Ah! Don't say you agree with me.3. Ah! Don't say you agree with me. 1 May 2013

haslinda

Identify each word in the following sentence.

haslinda1 May 2013

The beautiful queen was walking slowly on the cool lawn, and she was reading a long book about knights and kings which she enjoyed.

haslinda1 May 2013

The beautiful queen was walking slowly

article adjective noun verb verb adverb

on the cool lawn, and she was

preposition article adjective noun conjunction pronoun verb

reading a long book about knights and

verb article adjective noun preposition noun conjunction

kings which she enjoyed. noun preposition pronoun verb

haslinda1 May 2013

Happy learning Good luck