Part IV: Middle ChildhoodChapter 9

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Focus: Ann Bancroft, Polar ExplorerFocus: Ann Bancroft, Polar Explorer

• First woman to reach the North and South Poles by nonmotorized means

• First woman to ski across Greenland and part of first team of women to ski across the landmass of Antarctica

•Adventuresome nature stems from childhood. Her parents encouraged risk-taking and fostered a love of the outdoors

•In seventh grade, was diagnosed with dyslexia, a challenge that later gave her the determination to succeed as a polar explorer

• Today Bancroft is a leader in helping children with learning disabilities, as well as shattering stereotypes about women

Aspects of Physical Development

Growth Nutrition

• Malnutrition• Obesity and Body Image

Motor Development

Checkpoint: Can you…Checkpoint: Can you…

Explain the significance of rough-and-tumble play?

Describe changes in the types of physical play children engage in as they grow older?

Explain why some children are not as physically fit as they should be?

Health and Safety

Medical Problems• Vision and Hearing Problems• Asthma• HIV and AIDS

Accidental Injuries

Piagetian Approach: Piagetian Approach: The Concrete Operational ChildThe Concrete Operational Child

How do school-age children’s thinking and moral reasoning differ

from those of younger children?

Advances in Selected Cognitive Advances in Selected Cognitive Abilities During Middle ChildhoodAbilities During Middle Childhood

Spatial thinking Seriation and transitive inference

Cause and effect Inductive and deductive reasoning

Classification Conservation

What’s Your View?What’s Your View?

• Do you agree that intent is an important factor in morality? In what ways does the criminal justice system reflect or contradict this view?

Information Processing and Information Processing and IntelligenceIntelligence

Memory and Other Processing Skills Basic Processes and Capacities Metamemory: Understanding Memory Mnemonics: Strategies for Remembering Selective Attention Information Processing and Piagetian Tasks

Information Processing and Information Processing and IntelligenceIntelligence

Psychometric Approach: Testing Intelligence Traditional Group and Individual Tests The IQ Controversy Is There More Than One Intelligence? Other New Directions in Intelligence Testing

Eight Intelligences, According Eight Intelligences, According to Gardnerto Gardner

Intelligence Fields or Occupations Where Used

Linguistic Writing, editing, translating

Logical-mathematical Science, business, medicine

Musical Musical composition, conducting

Spatial Architecture, carpentry, city planning

Bodily-kinesthetic Dancing, athletics, surgery

Interpersonal Teaching, acting, politics

Intrapersonal Counseling, psychiatry, spiritual leadership

Naturalist Hunting, fishing, farming, gardening, cooking

Language and LiteracyLanguage and Literacy

Vocabulary, Grammar, and SyntaxPragmatics: Knowledge about

CommunicationLiteracy

Identifying Words Comprehension Writing

The Child in SchoolThe Child in School

Entering First Grade

The Child in SchoolThe Child in School

Influences on School Achievement The Child: Self-Efficacy Beliefs and Academic

Motivation Parenting Practices Socioeconomic Status Teacher Expectations The Educational System The Culture

The Child in SchoolThe Child in School

How do schools meet the needs of non-English-speaking children and

those with learning problems?

The Child in SchoolThe Child in School

Second Language EducationChildren with Learning Problems

Mental Retardation Learning Disabilities Hyperactivity and Attention Deficits Educating Children with Disabilities

The Child in SchoolThe Child in School

Gifted Children Identifying Gifted Children The Lives of Gifted Children Defining and Measuring Creativity Educating Gifted Children

Digging DeeperDigging Deeper

Children’s Understanding of Illness

Practically SpeakingPractically Speaking

The Homework Debate