part ii (on human work)

8/7/2019 Part II (on Human Work)

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On Human Work On Human Work



Duties of Workers Duties of Workers

GODGOD

ManMan

Main Issue

PerfectPerfect

Creator

Co-cretor

imperfectimperfect



Work : Any serious and purposeful activity that

utilizes one¶s corporal and spiritual powers.

+Strictest sense : manual labor

+Widest sense : all conscious, serious

and purposeful activity

of man, including prayer

Work : Any serious and purposeful activity that

utilizes one¶s corporal and spiritual powers.

+Strictest sense : manual labor

+Widest sense : all conscious, serious

and purposeful activity

of man, including prayer

End of Work: Realization of the real reason of

human being¶s existence and of the world, which is ultimately for

the greater honor and glory of God.

End of Work: Realization of the real reason of

human being¶s existence and of the world, which is ultimately for

the greater honor and glory of God.



Characteristics of Work: Characteristics of Work:

Personal

Personal´A man by his work gives his imprint to it,acquiring as he does so, perseverance, skill

and a spirit of invention.µ (PP #27)

´A man by his work gives his imprint to it,acquiring as he does so, perseverance, skill

and a spirit of invention.µ (PP #27) Impl ications: 1. work is an extension/ex pression of the ´ personµ of the worker

2. work has dignity which is based on the dignity of the worker

3. condition of work mu st res pect the persona l character and dignity of the

worker

Impl ications: 1. work is an extension/ex pression of the ´ personµ of the worker

2. work has dignity which is based on the dignity of the worker

3. condition of work mu st res pect the persona l character and dignity of the

worker




Necessary

Necessary

´make is a point of honor to«work with yourhands as we directed you to do so, so thatyou will give good examples to outsiders and

want for nothing.µ (1 Thes. 4:11)

´make is a point of honor to«work with yourhands as we directed you to do so, so thatyou will give good examples to outsiders and

want for nothing.µ (1 Thes. 4:11)




Way to the Self-development of Human Beings

Way to the Self-development of Human Beings

´idle hands and idle minds are Satan·s

workshop.µ (PP #27)

´idle hands and idle minds are Satan·s

workshop.µ (PP #27) Impl ications: 1. Being an i m age of God, the creator

who is an infinite activity, the

h um an person mu st l ikewise, mu st work.

2. S l oth is an attit u de of l aziness that abhors doing nothing.

Impl ications: 1. Being an i m age of God, the creator who is an infinite activity, the

h um an person mu st l ikewise, mu st work.

2. S l oth is an attit u de of l aziness that abhors doing nothing.




Shaping and Mastering the EarthShaping and Mastering the Earth

´Fill the earth and subdue it.µ(Gen. 1:23) ´Fill the earth and subdue it.µ(Gen. 1:23)

Impl ications: 1. Creation is not yet finished.I t is an ongoing process

wherein h um an being shave the rol e to pl ay.

Impl ications: 1. Creation is not yet finished.I t is an ongoing process

wherein h um an being shave the rol e to pl ay.




Ser viceSer vice

´Through work, human beings can and

should place themselves at the service oftheir brothers and sisters. In sharing theirinsights and skills with their fellow humanbeings, they can do very much to serve the

human family and to make the conditions oflife more favorable.µ (GS #57)

´Through work, human beings can and

should place themselves at the service oftheir brothers and sisters. In sharing theirinsights and skills with their fellow humanbeings, they can do very much to serve the

human family and to make the conditions oflife more favorable.µ (GS #57)




SocialSocial´Work unites men for the service of the people in acommon effort which tends to the perfection of oneand all to the glory of the Creator and Redeemer«In

this sense work is capable by its very nature, ofclosely uniting men together.µ

Work, as a collective effort, is a venue for workers

to share hopes, aspirations, hardships and joy withone another thus drawing men together and unitingtheir minds, hearts and wills. With this human

beings find themselves to be brothers and sisters.µ(PP #27)

´Work unites men for the service of the people in acommon effort which tends to the perfection of oneand all to the glory of the Creator and Redeemer«In

this sense work is capable by its very nature, ofclosely uniting men together.µ

Work, as a collective effort, is a venue for workers

to share hopes, aspirations, hardships and joy withone another thus drawing men together and unitingtheir minds, hearts and wills. With this human

beings find themselves to be brothers and sisters.µ(PP #27)




Union with ChristUnion with Christ

´Whatever you do whether in speech or inaction, do it in the name of the Lord Jesus.Give thanks to God the Father through him.µ

(Col. 3:17)

´Whatever you do whether in speech or inaction, do it in the name of the Lord Jesus.Give thanks to God the Father through him.µ

(Col. 3:17)



Every person has the right to work by virtue of every

person¶s right to exist and support his own existence.

³The obligation to earn one¶s bread from the sweat of

one¶s brow also presumes the right to do so. A

society in which this right is systematically denied, in

which economic policies do not allow workers toreach satisfactory levels of employment, cannot be

justified from an ethical point of view, nor can that

society attain social peace.´ (CA #43)

Every person has the right to work by virtue of every

person¶s right to exist and support his own existence.

³The obligation to earn one¶s bread from the sweat of

one¶s brow also presumes the right to do so. A

society in which this right is systematically denied, in

which economic policies do not allow workers toreach satisfactory levels of employment, cannot be

justified from an ethical point of view, nor can that

society attain social peace.´ (CA #43)

R ights of Workers: R ights of Workers:

The Right to Work The Right to Work



I t refers to the payment a worker receives in return of

the labor or services rendered.

Classification: 1. Just Wage ± equitable return for the

worker¶s contribution to productionor services rendered

2. Unjust Wage

Criteria for a Just Wage:

1. Enough to support the worker or

those under his/her care. (QA #71)

2. The state of the business.

3. The public economic good.

I t refers to the payment a worker receives in return of

the labor or services rendered.

Classification: 1. Just Wage ± equitable return for the

worker¶s contribution to productionor services rendered

2. Unjust Wage

Criteria for a Just Wage:

1. Enough to support the worker or

those under his/her care. (QA #71)

2. The state of the business.

3. The public economic good.


The Right to a Just WageThe Right to a Just Wage



A human being has the right to be looked

after in the event of ill-health, disability due tohis work; widowhood; old age; enforced

unemployment; or when ever through no fault

of his own he is deprived of the means of

livelihood. The state authorities have the duty to see to it that those who cannot anymore

take care of themselves be taken cared of.

A human being has the right to be looked

after in the event of ill-health, disability due tohis work; widowhood; old age; enforced

unemployment; or when ever through no fault

of his own he is deprived of the means of

livelihood. The state authorities have the duty to see to it that those who cannot anymore

take care of themselves be taken cared of.


The Right to Protection and Social SecurityThe Right to Protection and Social Security



(United Nations¶ Declaration)

� To be born, be given a name and nationality.

� To be free.

� To belong to and be taken cared of by a family.� To be given sufficient education.

� To have the chance to develop skills and talents.

� To receive adequate food, shelter & physical health.

� To be educated on good manners and right conduct.

� To be given the chance to play and recreate.� To be protected from abuses, dangers & violence of war.

� To live in a harmonious and peaceful environment.

� To be defended and assisted by the government.

� To express oneself.

(United Nations¶ Declaration)

� To be born, be given a name and nationality.

� To be free.

� To belong to and be taken cared of by a family.� To be given sufficient education.

� To have the chance to develop skills and talents.

� To receive adequate food, shelter & physical health.

� To be educated on good manners and right conduct.

� To be given the chance to play and recreate.� To be protected from abuses, dangers & violence of war.

� To live in a harmonious and peaceful environment.

� To be defended and assisted by the government.

� To express oneself.


The Right to ChildrenThe Right to Children




The Right of WomenThe Right of Women

³At present women are involved in nearly all

spheres of life: they ought to be permitted to play their part fully according to their own

particular nature. I t is up to everyone to see to

it that women¶s specific and necessary

participation in cultural life be acknowledged and fostered.´ (Gaudium et Spes #60)

³At present women are involved in nearly all

spheres of life: they ought to be permitted to play their part fully according to their own

particular nature. I t is up to everyone to see to

it that women¶s specific and necessary

participation in cultural life be acknowledged and fostered.´ (Gaudium et Spes #60)




The Right of the Migrant Work ersThe Right of the Migrant Work ers

³The most important thing is that the person

working away from his native land«should not be placed at a disadvantage in comparison

with the other workers in that society in the

matter of working rights«The value of work

should be measured by the same standard and not according to the difference in nationality,

religion or race.´ (LE #23)

³The most important thing is that the person

working away from his native land«should not be placed at a disadvantage in comparison

with the other workers in that society in the

matter of working rights«The value of work

should be measured by the same standard and not according to the difference in nationality,

religion or race.´ (LE #23)




The Right To Organize Trade UnionThe Right To Organize Trade Union

³The catholic Church highly supports trade

unions and even considers them as the most

important association for mutual aid and social

assistance.´ (RN #50)

Among the basic rights of the human person

must be counted the right of freely founding

labor unions«to represent the workers and tocontribute to the proper arrangement of

economic life«without risk of reprisal. (GS #68)

³The catholic Church highly supports trade

unions and even considers them as the most

important association for mutual aid and social

assistance.´ (RN #50)

Among the basic rights of the human person

must be counted the right of freely founding

labor unions«to represent the workers and tocontribute to the proper arrangement of

economic life«without risk of reprisal. (GS #68)



Duties of Trade Unions:

1. Trade unions must consider the general economic interest and the state of their

branch of industry when making wage

claims.

2. I t has to be emphasized that trade unions

are voluntary organizations, hence, it must

rest upon the will of their members.

3. Trade unions posses influential powers

that could influence social policies and

that could even extend to political affairs.

Duties of Trade Unions:

1. Trade unions must consider the general economic interest and the state of their

branch of industry when making wage

claims.

2. I t has to be emphasized that trade unions

are voluntary organizations, hence, it must

rest upon the will of their members.

3. Trade unions posses influential powers

that could influence social policies and

that could even extend to political affairs.




The Right To Go On Strik eThe Right To Go On Strik e

I t is a refusal to work on the part of the organized

workers. I n itself, a strike is a powerful weapon of

trade unions in their struggle with employers

particularly when, in the course of collectivebargaining, the workers¶ group cannot obtain the

rightful conditions that they desire.

Conditions for Strike to be Morally Permissible:

1. Objective is morally acceptable2. Morally acceptable and proportionate means.

3. No other peaceful means left.

I t is a refusal to work on the part of the organized

workers. I n itself, a strike is a powerful weapon of

trade unions in their struggle with employers

particularly when, in the course of collectivebargaining, the workers¶ group cannot obtain the

rightful conditions that they desire.

Conditions for Strike to be Morally Permissible:

1. Objective is morally acceptable2. Morally acceptable and proportionate means.

3. No other peaceful means left.



On Priv ate PropertyOn Priv ate Property



ON PRIVATE PR O PERTY ON PRIVATE PR O PERTY

T he right to private pro perty has a l ways been affir m ed by the Ch u rch in res ponse to those who o ppose this right and

consider it as the root ca u se of ineq u a l ity in the society.

T he Ch u rch insists on the u niversa l destination of a ll

created goods and on the right of every individ u a l to own

private pro perty.

T he right to private pro perty has a l ways been affir m ed by the Ch u rch in res ponse to those who o ppose this right and

consider it as the root ca u se of ineq u a l ity in the society.

T he Ch u rch insists on the u niversa l destination of a ll

created goods and on the right of every individ u a l to own

private pro perty.



ON PRIVATE PROPERTY ON PRIVATE PROPERTY

Forms of P riv ate P rop erty: Forms of P riv at e P rop erty:

Wage/

Salary

Wage/

Salary

It is through which workers

experience what it means to

have something as his or

her own and it forms the

most important source for

the employee from which all

other forms of property must rise.

It is through which workers

experience what it means to

have something as his or

her own and it forms the

most important source for

the employee from which all

other forms of property must rise.




Forms of P riv at e P rop erty: Forms of P riv at e P rop erty:

Furniture,

Household

furniture,

etc.

Furniture,

Household

furniture,

etc.

This is more

permanent than

the previous one.

This is more

permanent than

the previous one.





So ci al

Security

So ci al

Security

A legal claim to social

insurance for sickness,unemployment; disability

and old age has become a

fourth form of property in

our modern society.

A legal claim to social

insurance for sickness,unemployment; disability

and old age has become a

fourth form of property in

our modern society.





Hom eHom e

O wning a home has a

very high socio-political

importance in our present

society.

O wning a home has a

very high socio-political

importance in our present

society.





Owners hip

Of Capit al

Owners hip

Of Capit al

This form of private

property if broadlydistributed will eliminate

a great portion of the

economic imbalance existing

in the world today.

This form of private

property if broadlydistributed will eliminate

a great portion of the

economic imbalance existing

in the world today.





Savi ngs Savi ngs It may include savingsaccount, building and

loan association and

life insurance policies.

It may include savingsaccount, building and

loan association and

life insurance policies.




O th er Forms of P riv at e P rop erty: O th er Forms of P riv at e P rop erty:

1. Consumer goods: food, clothing

2. Movables: furnishings, tools,

cars, animals, jewelry 3. Immovables: lands, houses, plants

4. Intellectual: patent rights,

copyrights

5. Claims: bank accounts, shares,securities, insurance

6. Money in general

1. Consumer goods: food, clothing

2. Movables: furnishings, tools,

cars, animals, jewelry 3. Immovables: lands, houses, plants

4. Intellectual: patent rights,

copyrights

5. Claims: bank accounts, shares,securities, insurance

6. Money in general




P riv at e P rop erty and th e Holy Sc riptur eP riv at e P rop erty and th e Holy Sc riptur e

OLD TEST A MENT:

-Gen. 24:34f; 1 K ings 3:11-13-

Wealth is regarded as a sign of God¶s favor.

-Prov. 10:4; 20:13; 24:3f; 21:17-It is seen as a result of acquiring qualities

pleasing to God, i.e., diligence, wisdom,

temperance, etc.

Violation: 7th

& 10th

commandments

Reminder: ³You shall open wide your hand to y

our brother, to the needy and the

poor«´ (Deut. 15:11)

OLD TEST A MENT:

-Gen. 24:34f; 1 K ings 3:11-13-

Wealth is regarded as a sign of God¶s favor.

-Prov. 10:4; 20:13; 24:3f; 21:17-It is seen as a result of acquiring qualities

pleasing to God, i.e., diligence, wisdom,

temperance, etc.

Violation: 7th

& 10th

commandments

Reminder: ³You shall open wide your hand to y

our brother, to the needy and the

poor«´ (Deut. 15:11)




P riv at e P rop erty and th e Holy Sc riptur eP riv at e P rop erty and th e Holy Sc riptur e

NEW TEST A MENT:

-Lk. 16:19-31-

Jesus teaches that not the possession of property

as such is evil but turning wealth into idol. The

scandal was not that there was a rich man and a poor Lazarus but that Lazarus wanted to eat the

crumbs which fell from the table of the rich man

and that he did not receive a particle of them.

-1 Tim. 6:17-19-

Spiritual riches over material riches. Share and use the material

wealth in good works in order to store up treasures for eternal life.

NEW TEST A MENT:

-Lk. 16:19-31-

Jesus teaches that not the possession of property

as such is evil but turning wealth into idol. The

scandal was not that there was a rich man and a poor Lazarus but that Lazarus wanted to eat the

crumbs which fell from the table of the rich man

and that he did not receive a particle of them.

-1 Tim. 6:17-19-

Spiritual riches over material riches. Share and use the material

wealth in good works in order to store up treasures for eternal life.




B asis for th e Right to P riv at e P rop erty B asis for th e Right to P riv at e P rop erty

1. For Self-expression

2. For the fulfillment of one·s duties

3. For one·s independence and freedom.

4. For Peace

5. For better Utilization of Goods.

1. For Self-expression

2. For the fulfillment of one·s duties

3. For one·s independence and freedom.

4. For Peace

5. For better Utilization of Goods.




P rin c ipl es of th e Right to P riv at e P rop erty P rin c ipl es of th e Right to P riv at e P rop erty

1st Principle: ´The resources of creation aredestined for all the goodsof the earth are meant tobe shared.µ

1st Principle: ´The resources of creation aredestined for all the goodsof the earth are meant tobe shared.µ

2nd Principle: ´There is a distinction between

the right of ownership anduse.µ

2nd Principle: ´There is a distinction between

the right of ownership anduse.µ



The StateThe State(Its Origin and Meaning)(Its Origin and Meaning)



Different Backgrounds of the StateDifferent Backgrounds of the State

The StateThe State

As a manifestation of the Divine As a manifestation of the Divine 11

22

33

44

As a result of power struggle As a result of power struggle

STC: Socio-theological and soci-political STC: Socio-theological and soci-political

For the satisfaction of basic human needs For the satisfaction of basic human needs



Two Main Functions of the StateTwo Main Functions of the State

The StateThe State

The Ordering Function

It establishes and protects the legal/external

order. It makes sure that just laws exist and

that they are being observed by all and peaceand order are maintained.



Two Main Functions of the StateTwo Main Functions of the State

The StateThe State

The Welfare Function

It promotes the general economic, sanitary,

ecological, cultural, moral and spiritual

welfare of the citizens.



The StateThe State

1 Government

2Governed/

Subjects3 Laws

Components of the StateComponents of the State

most important

factor of the state

supplementaries



The StateThe State

The Principle

of Subsidiarity

The state must take into

consideration what privateindividuals or enterprise can

and should do by themselves

and allowing them to do it.

Private individuals or group

of individuals must also

respect those functions that

are meant for the larger

higher organization.



Political AthorityPolitical Athority

The StateThe State

Etymology:

Authority ± Lt. word ³auctoritas´

Verb: ³augere´ to increase/to enrich

Strict Sense:

the power meant or the institution meant

for the enrichment and promotion of thoseover whom it is exercised.

Etymology:

Authority ± Lt. word ³auctoritas´

Verb: ³augere´ to increase/to enrich

Strict Sense:

the power meant or the institution meant

for the enrichment and promotion of thoseover whom it is exercised.



The StateThe State

Two Kinds of Authority

Personal Authority

Official or Social

authority

It is derived on a superiority

of a person in terms of

intellectual capacity,

professional and technicalskill, and higher degree of

moral and spiritual life.

It is derived on a superiority

of a person in terms of

intellectual capacity,

professional and technicalskill, and higher degree of

moral and spiritual life.

It is based on the will

of the society which is

often manifestedthrough an election.

It is based on the will

of the society which is

often manifestedthrough an election.



The StateThe State

Political Authority

Legitimate Illegitimate

An authority acquired the

power through an explicit

consent of the citizens and

performs its God given

duties. Hence, the citizens

have the duty to follow a

legitimate and competent

authority.

An authority acquired the

power through an explicit

consent of the citizens and

performs its God given

duties. Hence, the citizens

have the duty to follow a

legitimate and competent

authority.

An authority that claims or

gets hold of the power

unjustly, by the use of three

F¶s: force, fraud, and fear.

Illegitimate rulers do not haveany binding authority over

the citizens, and the citizens

do not owe obedience to

them.

An authority that claims or

gets hold of the power

unjustly, by the use of three

F¶s: force, fraud, and fear.

Illegitimate rulers do not haveany binding authority over

the citizens, and the citizens

do not owe obedience to

them.



Duties of the citizens towards the StateDuties of the citizens towards the State

The StateThe State

L ove of one·s country L ove of one·s country 11

2233

44

Civic Responsibility and Participation Civic Responsibility and Participation

STC: Socio-theological and socio-political STC: Socio-theological and socio-political

For the satisfaction of basic human needs For the satisfaction of basic human needs

Th STh S



The StateThe State

Essential Components of Common Good Essential Components of Common Good

Public external order

Public well-beingand prosperity

Intellectual andMoral development

Spiritual developmentSpiritual development

Th St tTh St t



conditions of common goodconditions of common good

Protection ofBasic Rights

Freedom

SocialAuthority

Promotion ofEvery Individual

The StateThe State

Th St tTh St t



The StateThe State

Every decision or action made by

the city or the state is a

political act and to manage a

city or state is a politicl task.

Every decision or action made by

the city or the state is a

political act and to manage a

city or state is a politicl task.

Gk: polis ² ´cityµ

POLITICS

Th St tTh St t



The StateThe State

POLITICS

T he art of government and public service. It is meant for

the good of civil society.

T he art of government and public service. It is meant for

the good of civil society.

Therefore:Therefore:

Th St tTh St t



The StateThe State

POLITICS

³ A ruling authority is

indispensable to civil society.

That is a fact which flows from

the moral order itself.´(PT #83)

³ A ruling authority is

indispensable to civil society.

That is a fact which flows from

the moral order itself.´(PT #83)

Implication:

P olitical authority and

politics are two inseparable

ideas.

Implication:

P olitical authority and

politics are two inseparable

ideas.

Th St tTh St t



The StateThe State

1. Plato1. Plato

PoliticalPolitical

IdealismIdealism

RealityReality isis divideddivided intointo ideasideas andand phenomena phenomena.. True True self self will will

bebe realizedrealized onlyonly inin thethe idealideal.. PhenomenaPhenomena areare onlyonly transienttransientandand temporarytemporary.. Hence,Hence, ´́PoliticsPolitics mustmust attainattain thethe idealideal..µµ

2. Aristotle2. AristotlePoliticalPolitical

RealismRealism

Reality is what we see. The state is a naturalReality is what we see. The state is a natural

consequence of being human.consequence of being human.

GraecoGraeco--Roman MatrixRoman Matrix

Historical Aspect of PoliticsHistorical Aspect of PoliticsHistorical Aspect of PoliticsHistorical Aspect of Politics

GraecoGraeco--Roman MatrixRoman Matrix

3.3. St. AugustineSt. Augustine NeoNeo--PlatonismPlatonism

IdealIdeal statestate isis aa statestate thatthat isis Christian,Christian, ruledruled bybyChristianChristian leadersleaders andand allall citizenscitizens livelive inin accordanceaccordance

with with thethe ChristianChristian idealideal..

4. St. Thomas4. St. ThomasNeoNeo--

Aristotelian AristotelianPolitical authority is necessary for the attainmentPolitical authority is necessary for the attainment

of common good.of common good.

Modern PeriodModern Period

5. Francisco5. Francisco

SuarezSuarez

Thomist/ Thomist/

DominicanDominican

PoliticalPolitical authorityauthority isis aa naturalnatural necessitynecessity forfor manman.. Citizens·Citizens·

will will isis vital vital.. PoliticsPolitics isis simplysimply aa naturalnatural part part of of whole whole societysociety..

6. John Calvin6. John Calvin ProtestantProtestant Political authority is necessary.Political authority is necessary.

Th St tTh St t



The StateThe State

Mentalities that Separate Morality from PoliticsMentalities that Separate Morality from Politics

Historical Aspect of PoliticsHistorical Aspect of PoliticsHistorical Aspect of PoliticsHistorical Aspect of Politics

1. Bourgeoisie1. Bourgeoisie They They areare liberalistsliberalists.. They They posit posit thatthat moralitymorality isis

notnot importantimportant inin political political mattersmatters.. What What mattersmatters

mostmost isis self self--interestinterest..

2. Marxists2. Marxists

MoralityMorality isis notnot importantimportant sincesince thethe individualindividual

doesdoes notnot countcount.. What What mattersmatters isis thethe will will of of thethestatestate.. The The individualindividual isis justjust anan organismorganism thatthat

existsexists forfor thethe will will of of thethe statestate..

3. Anarchists3. Anarchists They They rejectreject anyany formform of of authority,authority, eveneven GodGod..

4. Machiavellian4. Machiavellian MoralMoral principles principles cancan bebe rejectedrejected oror sacrificedsacrificed forforthethe interestinterest of of politics politics..

5. Hegelian5. Hegelian The The will will of of thethe statestate becomesbecomes thethe normnorm.. Hence,Hence,

moralmoral principles principles ceasecease toto existexist..

Th St tTh St t



The StateThe State

ChurchChurchChurchChurch

PoliticsPoliticsPoliticsPolitics

OPTION FOR THE POOROPTION FOR THE POOROPTION FOR THE POOROPTION FOR THE POOR

PurposePurpose:: ´́toto promotepromote commoncommon goodgoodµµPurposePurpose:: ´́toto promotepromote commoncommon goodgoodµµ

MissioMissio:: ´to´to guardguard thethe peoplepeople againstagainst thosethose whowhoendangerendanger theirtheir totaltotal humanhuman developmentµdevelopmentµMissioMissio:: ´to´to guardguard thethe peoplepeople againstagainst thosethose whowhoendangerendanger theirtheir totaltotal humanhuman developmentµdevelopmentµ====

====

Although Although PoliticsPolitics isis anan autonomousautonomous science,science, itit isisconnected connected withwith moralitymorality sincesince itit involvesinvolves humanhumanaction,action, intentionintention and and end end for for thethe realizationrealization of of commoncommon good good..

Although Although PoliticsPolitics isis anan autonomousautonomous science,science, itit isisconnected connected withwith moralitymorality sincesince itit involvesinvolves humanhumanaction,action, intentionintention and and end end for for thethe realizationrealization of of commoncommon good good..

&&&&

ImplicationImplication:: ´Politics´Politics hashas aa religiousreligious andand moralmoral dimensiondimension..µµImplicationImplication:: ´Politics´Politics hashas aa religiousreligious andand moralmoral dimensiondimension..µµ

ChurchChurch InvolvementInvolvement inin PoliticsPoliticsChurchChurch InvolvementInvolvement inin PoliticsPolitics

Th St tTh St t



The StateThe State

TheThe ChurchChurch isis involved involved inin political political actionaction by by raisingraisingthethe consciousnessconsciousness of of people, people, motivatingmotivating themthem totoaction,action, and and enablingenabling themthem toto actact effectively effectively throughthrough thethe skillsskills of of organized organized actionaction.. Her Her officialofficial public public pronouncements pronouncements areare attemptsattempts toto influenceinfluencestatestate policies policies for for thethe sakesake of of thethe commoncommon good good..

TheThe Church·sChurch·s aimaim isis toto influenceinfluence governmentgovernment

policies policies and and actionsactions toto ensureensure thatthat thethe welfarewelfare and and interestinterest of of thethe basicbasic sectorssectors areare takentaken cared cared of of..

TheThe ChurchChurch isis involved involved inin political political actionaction by by raisingraisingthethe consciousnessconsciousness of of people, people, motivatingmotivating themthem totoaction,action, and and enablingenabling themthem toto actact effectively effectively throughthrough thethe skillsskills of of organized organized actionaction.. Her Her officialofficial public public pronouncements pronouncements areare attemptsattempts toto influenceinfluencestatestate policies policies for for thethe sakesake of of thethe commoncommon good good..

TheThe Church·sChurch·s aimaim isis toto influenceinfluence governmentgovernment

policies policies and and actionsactions toto ensureensure thatthat thethe welfarewelfare and and interestinterest of of thethe basicbasic sectorssectors areare takentaken cared cared of of..


Th St tTh St t



The StateThe State


Political action Partisan politics====

It involves doing

something to

influence and

affect the policies

of the state.

It involves thepromotion of the

political platform or aparticular political

party or candidatewhich is often due to

vested politicalinterests.

The StateThe State



The StateThe State


1111

2222

3333

4444

5555

TheThe GospelGospel and and thethe K ingdom K ingdom ofof God God callcall thethe

ChurchChurch toto PoliticalPolitical InvolvementInvolvement

TheThe GospelGospel and and thethe K ingdom K ingdom ofof God God callcall thethe

ChurchChurch toto PoliticalPolitical InvolvementInvolvement

TheThe ChurchChurch hashas thethe optionoption forfor thethe poor poor alsoalso

inin thethe field field ofof politics politics..

TheThe ChurchChurch hashas thethe optionoption forfor thethe poor poor alsoalso

inin thethe field field ofof politics politics..

A t A t thethe corecore ofof thethe Church¶sChurch¶s mission mission isis thethe

integralintegral developmentdevelopment ofof thethe humanhuman person person

who who isis affected affected by by politics politics..

A t A t thethe corecore ofof thethe Church¶sChurch¶s mission mission isis thethe

integralintegral developmentdevelopment ofof thethe humanhuman person person

who who isis affected affected by by politics politics..

TheThe Church¶sChurch¶s mission mission ofof integralintegral salvationsalvation

involvesinvolves thethe temporaltemporal sphere,sphere, notnot onlyonly thethe

spiritualspiritual..

TheThe Church¶sChurch¶s mission mission ofof integralintegral salvationsalvation

involvesinvolves thethe temporaltemporal sphere,sphere, notnot onlyonly thethe

spiritualspiritual..

SalvationSalvation isis liberationliberation from from personal personal and and

socialsocial sin,sin, includingincluding sinsin inin thethe political political

spheresphere..

SalvationSalvation isis liberationliberation from from personal personal and and

socialsocial sin,sin, includingincluding sinsin inin thethe political political

spheresphere..



Schema:Schema:

ChurchChurch PoliticsPolitics

POWER DI RECTLY

FROM GO D

POWER DI RECTLY

FROM GO D

Power indirectly

From God

Power indirectly

From God

manman manman

Common

good

Common

good

Common

good

Common

good complementarity complementarity

::::

sourcesource

subject subject

The Relatedness of Church and StateThe Relatedness of Church and State



ChurchChurch StateState

Holistic

Salvation

Holistic

Salvation

Civic

good

Civic

good

Code of Canon Law Code of Canon Law

Democracy Democracy VariousVariousForm of government Form of government

DISTINCTIONSDISTINCTIONS

endsends

constitutionconstitution


Constitution

Of the society.

Constitution

Of the society.




IdealChurch-State

Relatedness

Church-State

Relatedness

TheocracyTheocracy

Church-statesChurch-states

Anticlerical

separation

PartialPartial


Rule of God Rule of God

Head of church

and state

Head of church

and state

State-churchState-church

Church persecutionChurch persecution

State over churchState over church

Lame separationLame separation

Harmonious

collaboration

Harmonious

collaboration

FORM

S

CONCLUSION:CONCLUSION:



CONCLUSION:

STC respects and teaches the distinctness an autonomy

of both Church and state. Both of them must maintain

their distinct character and their autonomy in terms of

constitution, leadership and form of government. No one

may be subordinate to the other. This is the ³separation

of Church and state.´

The separation of the Church state is particularly based

on the freedom of the Church from the state intervention.

While maintaining their distinctness and autonomy,Church and state are at the same time related to one

another. They are composed of the same members and

serve the same people. Thus, there is a need for

cooperation between the two.

CONCLUSION:

STC respects and teaches the distinctness an autonomy

of both Church and state. Both of them must maintain

their distinct character and their autonomy in terms of

constitution, leadership and form of government. No one

may be subordinate to the other. This is the ³separation

of Church and state.´

The separation of the Church state is particularly based

on the freedom of the Church from the state intervention.

While maintaining their distinctness and autonomy,Church and state are at the same time related to one

another. They are composed of the same members and

serve the same people. Thus, there is a need for

cooperation between the two.



Step 4Step 4

PL A NNING / ACTIONPL A NNING / ACTION

(Responding to the Signs of the Times) (Responding to the Signs of the Times)



Preferential Option for the PoorPreferential Option for the Poor

It is also a demand of Christ for His diciples to followHis own love of preference for the poor. This optiontakes on the greatest urgency in our country where avery great number of our people wallow in abject poverty and misery while tremendous social privilegesand defense are accorded the rich and the powerful.The common good dictates that more attention must be given to the less fortunate members of society.We as a Church, indeed, opt for all men, women andchildren of the world but above all, preferentially weopt like Jesus for the little ones, the poor andmarginalized of our societies. (PCP II #312)

It is also a demand of Christ for His diciples to followHis own love of preference for the poor. This optiontakes on the greatest urgency in our country where avery great number of our people wallow in abject poverty and misery while tremendous social privilegesand defense are accorded the rich and the powerful.The common good dictates that more attention must be given to the less fortunate members of society.We as a Church, indeed, opt for all men, women andchildren of the world but above all, preferentially weopt like Jesus for the little ones, the poor andmarginalized of our societies. (PCP II #312)



Thank YouThank YouMabuhay!Mabuhay!

part ii (on human work)

Documents