Contents

List of Abbreviations XXIII

Part A Fundamentals of Mechanical Engineering

1 Introduction to Mathematics for Mechanical Engineering

1.1 Complex Analysis 4 1.2 Differential Equations 9

1.4 Fourier Analysis 24 1.5 Linear Algebra 26

2 Mechanics Hen-Geul Yeh, Hsien-Yang Yeh, Shouwen Yu 35

Part B Applications in Mechanical Engineering

3 Materials Science and Engineering Jens Freudenberger, Joachim Göllner, Martin Heilmaier, Gerhard Mook, Holger Saage, Vivek Srivastava, Ulrich Wendt 75 3.1 Atomic Structure and Microstructure 77 3.2 Microstructure Characterization 98

3.5 Nondestructive Inspection (NDI) 126

3.7 Materials in Mechanical Engineering 157

4 Thermodynamics Frank Dammel, Jay M. Ochterbeck, Peter Stephan 223 4.1 Scope of Thermodynamics. Definitions 223 4.2 Temperatures. Equilibria 225 4.3 First Law of Thermodynamics 228 4.4 Second Law of Thermodynamics 231 4.5 Exergy and Anergy 233

4.6 Thermodynamics of Substances 235 4.7 Changes of State of Gases and Vapors 256 4.8 Thermodynamic Processes 262 4.9 Ideal Gas Mixtures 274

5 Tribology

5.1 Tribology 295

6 Design of Machine Elements

6.3 Cylindrical Gearings 348

6.5 Worm Gearings 372 6.6 Design of Gear Wheels, Worm Wheels, and Worms 388 6.7 Planetary Gears 399

6.9 Shafts and Axles 426 6.10 Shaft-Hub Connections 449

6.12 Design of Bearing Units 483

7 Manufacturing Engineering Thomas Böllinghaus, Gerry Byrne, Boris llich Cherpakov (deceased), Edward Chlebus, Carl E. Cross, Berend Denkena, Ulrich Dilthey, Takeshi Hatsuzawa, Klaus Herfurth, Horst Herold (deceased), Andrew Kaldos, Thomas Kannengiesser, Michail Karpenko, Bernhard Karpuschewski, Manuel Marya, Surendar K. Marya, Klaus-Jürgen Matthes, Klaus Middeldorf, Joao Fernando G. Oliveira, Jörg Pieschel, Didier M. Priem, Frank Riedel, Markus Schleser, A. Erman Tekkaya, Marcel Todtermuschke, Anatole Vereschaka, Detlef von Hofe, Nikolaus Wagner, Johannes Wodara, Klaus Woeste 523

7.2 Metal Forming 554 7.3 Machining Processes 606 7.4 Assembly, Disassembly, Joining Techniques 656 7.5 Rapid Prototyping and Advanced Manufacturing 733 7.6 Precision Machinery Using MEMS Technology 768

8 Measuring and Quality Control Norge I. Coello Machado, Shuichi Sakamoto, Steffen Wengler, Lutz Wisweh 787

8.2 Manufacturing Measurement Technology 793 8.3 Measuring Uncertainty and Traceability 816

9 Engineering Design Alois Breiing, Frank Engelmann, Timothy Gutowski 819

9.3 Precisely Defining the Task 843 9.4 Conceptual Design 845

9.6 Design and Manufacturing for the Environment 853 9.7 Failure Mode and Effect Analysis for Capital Goods 867

10 Piston Machines Vince Piacenti, Helmut Tschoeke, Jon H. Van Gerpen 879 10.1 Foundations of Piston Machines 879 10.2 Positive Displacement Pumps 893 10.3 Compressors 910 10.4 Internal Combustion Engines 913

11 Pressure Vessels and Heat Exchangers

11.1 Pressure Vessel - General Design Concepts 947

11.4 Design Codes for Pressure Vessels 954 11.5 Heat Exchangers 958 11.6 Material of Construction 959

12 Turbomachinery

12.1 Theory of Turbomachinery Stages 967 12.2 Gas Turbine Engines: Design and Dynamic Performance 981

13 Transport Systems Gritt Ahrens, Torsten Dellmann, Stefan Gies, Markus Hecht, Hamid Hefazi, Rolf Henke, Stefan Pischinger, Roger Schaufele, Oliver Tegel 1011 13.1 Overview 1012

13.2 Automotive Engineering 1026 13.3 Railway Systems - Railway Engineering 1070 13.4 Aerospace Engineering 1096

14 Construction Machinery Eugeniusz Budny, Miroslaw Chiosta, Henning Jürgen Meyer,

14.2 Earthmoving, Road Construction, and Farming Equipment 1155 14.3 Machinery for Concrete Works 1175 14.4 Site Lifts 1191 14.5 Access Machinery and Equipment 1200

14.7 Equipment for Finishing Work 1228 14.8 Automation and Robotics in Construction 1238

15 Enterprise Organization and Operation Francesco Costanzo, Yuichi Kanda, Toshiaki Kimura, Hermann Kühnle, Bruno Lisanti, Jagjit Singh Srai, Klaus-Dieter Thoben, Bernd Wilhelm,

15.1 Overview 1268 15.2 Organizational Structures 1271 15.3 Process Organization, Capabilities, and Supply Networks 1279 15.4 Modeling and Data Structures 1290 15.5 Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) 1303 15.6 Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) 1307 15.7 Advanced Organization Concepts 1314 15.8 Interorganizational Structures 1321 15.9 Organization and Communication 1330 15.10 Enterprise Collaboration and Logistics 1337

Part C Complementary Material for Mechanical Engineers

16 Power Generation Dwarkadas Kothari, P.M.V. Subbarao 1363 16.1 Principles of Energy Supply 1365

16.4 Transformation of Primary Energy into Useful Energy 1368 16.5 Various Energy Systems and Their Conversion 1368 16.6 Direct Combustion System 1371 16.7 Internal Combustion Engines 1372

16.9 Nuclear Power Stations 1373 16.10 Combined Power Station 1374 16.11 Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) System 1375 16.12 Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Power Generation 1378 16.13 Total-Energy Systems for Heat and Power Generation 1379 16.14 Transformation of Regenerative Energies 1381 16.15 Solar Power Stations 1382 16.16 Heat Pump 1385 16.17 Energy Storage and Distribution 1385

16.19 Fluidized-Bed Combustion System 1390

16.21 Burners 1392 16.22 General Furnace Accessories 1394 16.23 Environmental Control Technology 1396 16.24 Steam Generators 1398 16.25 Parts and Components of Steam Generator 1402 16.26 Energy Balance Analysis of a Furnace/Combustion System 1406 16.27 Performance of Steam Generator 1409

16.29 Strength Calculations 1412 16.30 Heat Transfer Calculation 1414

16.32 Future Prospects and Conclusion 1418

17 Electrical Engineering Seddik Bacha, Jaime De La Ree, Chris Oliver Heyde, Andreas Lindemann, Antje G. Orths, Zbigniew A. Styczynski, Jacek G. Wankowicz 1421 17.1 Fundamentals 1422 17.2 Transformers 1442 17.3 Rotating Electrical Machines 1448

17.5 Electric Drives 1478 17.6 Electric Power Transmission and Distribution 1487

18 General Tables Stanley Baksi 1511

Acknowledgements 1521 About the Authors 1523 Detailed Contents 1539 Subject Index 1561