part 2: environmental issues
DESCRIPTION
Part 2: Environmental Issues. and the search for solutions. www.aw-bc.com/Withgott. Chapter 8: Human Population. its approaching 7 billion population growth rate is at 1.2% . www.aw-bc.com/Withgott. U.S.Population. U.S.Population Growth 2000-2012. Effect of Population on the Environment. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Part 2: Environmental Issues
and the search for solutions
www.aw-bc.com/Withgott
Chapter 8: Human Population
its approaching 7 billion population growth rate is at 1.2%
www.aw-bc.com/Withgott
U.S.Population
U.S.Population Growth 2000-2012
Effect of Population on the Environment
www.aw-bc.com/Withgott
Population as a Factor that affect the Environment
As population increases it takes more space, resources and generates waste
IPAT model I= impact P= population A= affluence T= technology I = P x A x T
Other factors to consider
many factors could be considered but the most important ones are:
Sensitive factor– if the environment where the population is located is
sensitive to human pressure, that factor (S) has to be considered as well
– I = P x A x T x S
pollution resource consumption
Effect of Population Growth on the Environment
www.aw-bc.com/Withgott
Demography
study of human population environmental impact depends on
– density– distribution– technology– composition
Density and Distribution
clumped distribution – cities and towns
highest in temperate, subtropical and tropical– Europe– China and India– Africa
lowest in extreme-climate biomes, have high S value in IPAT
– desert– tundra– deep rainforest
Age Distribution: low vs. high growth rate
www.aw-bc.com/Withgott
China
www.aw-bc.com/Withgott
US Baby Boomers and Echo Boomers
www.aw-bc.com/Withgott
Dallas CensusDallas Census
www.censusscope.org
Factors Affecting Population Growth
birth rate– declined due to birth pill and education
death rate– declines due to technology
immigration and emigration– created environmental degradation in areas
where war caused people to flee Rwanda genocide in the 80's Sudan civil war
Total Fertility Rate
Average number of children born per female individual, during lifetime
Factors that lower the #-low children mortality rates-increasing urbanization-children impose costs-women in the workforce
www.aw-bc.com/Withgott
Life Expectancy
average number of years a person is expected to live from birth.
increase in life expectancy reduced rates of infant mortality
– urbanization– industrialization– personal wealth– improved quality of life
Demographic Transition
www.aw-bc.com/Withgott
Woman's Rights
contraceptive availability education opportunities personal freedom
of choice as a result children
are better cared for as a consequence the environment is less affected
www.aw-bc.com/Withgott
Population Policies and Family Planning
China- 1.3 billon people– one child policy since the 70s
India- 1 billion people– sterilization – two child policy
incentives education contraception reproductive health care
Poverty Strongly Correlated with Population Growthwww.aw-bc.com/Withgott
Poverty vs Population Growth GNI= gross national income PPP= purchasing power parity
www.aw-bc.com/Withgott
Consumption from Affluent Societies
can be equal or worse than a high density poor population
affluent societies consume resources from other localities plus theirs
larger footprints 1 American= 6 Chinese=12 Indians/Ethiopians humans live 25% above the environment's carrying
capacity global sustainability is needed
HIV/AIDS
67.5% of infected population is in the sub-Sahara desert
high natality high mortality life expectancy dropped from 59 to 40 in the last
decade Caribbean and Southeast Asia is next
– 10 million expected to be infected between 2005-2010
Demographic Changes due to HIV/AIDS
young productive citizens are affected by HIV/AIDS– Zambia: 600 teachers die of AIDS, 300 are graduated per
year– Rwanda: 1:3 of the college educated are infected
demographic fatigue– government is overwhelmed by demands– stretched beyond capabilities– government collapses and chaos arises
THE END