part 2 cycles in nature name: hour: - bhm · pdf filecycles in nature chapter 27 section 27-1...

Part 2

Cycles In Nature

Name: _____________

HOUR: _____________

Cycles in Nature Vocabulary

chapter 27 pp 695-716

To define some of the vocabulary you will need to summarize: Annual Rhythm, Biological

Clock, Climax Community, Condensation, Cycles of Matter, Daily Rhythm, Diurnal,

Ecological Succession, Estivation, Evaporation, Free Nitrogen, Hibernation, Lunar

Rhythm, Migration, Nitrogen Compound, Nitrogen Fixation, Nocturnal, Oxygen -

Carbon Cycle, Precipitation, Transpiration, Water Cycle

Word

Definition: Used in a Sentence:

Related to: Visual/Picture

Word



Word



Word



Word



Cycles in Nature Chapter 27 Section 27-1 ( pg. 694-704)

1. A _____________is any pattern that occurs over and over again. 2. List at least 2 examples of biological rhythms. ________________ _____________________________________________________ 3. Internal timers known as ___________ _____________ may be responsible for keeping track of many different cycles of time. 4. Biological clocks help living things stay in step with rhythmic ___________ in their environment. 5. How might having biological clocks be better for organisms than simply responding to changes in the environment as they happen? _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 6. List 5 ways biological clocks are set and reset. __________________ _______________________________________________________ 7. Organisms that are active during the day are said to be __________ 8. Those active at night are said to be ______________. 9. The rise and fall of the tides is controlled by the _________________. 10. Tidal rhythms are said to be ________________ rhythms. 11. Events that occur once a year are examples of _________ rhythms.

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12. Make a list of 5 events that occur each season of the year. _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 13. ______________ are annual rhythms in which organisms travel from the place where they feed to the place where they breed. 14. A winter resting state is known as _______________. 15. A summer resting state is known as _______________. 16. How do annual organisms ensure that their species continue from year to year? ___________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 17. Explain: A person who has traveled a long way by plane might start to fall asleep during dinner and be wide awake at 3 o’clock in the morning. This is sometimes known as “jet lag.” Why do you think? This occurs? ____________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________

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ACROSS

5 A summer resting state.

7 When water leaves a plant as water

vapor (through the leaves).

9 A person who travels long distances

by plane might suffer from ____.

11 Precipitation traveling across the

ground.

15

Snow geese need to arrival at the

___ __ at the proper time to raising

young before winter.

19 Biological clocks are reset by ____.

21

The morning glory flower times the

opening of its flower to the activity

of the _____.

24

An annual rhythm in which an

organism travels from a feeding place

to a breeding place.

25 Plays important role in CO2-O2 cycle

by taking in CO2.

27 Deer use the strategy of ____ to

survive winter.

28 Water changes from a liquid to a gas

when it _______.

29 Plays important role in CO2-O2 cycle

by releasing CO2.

DOWN

1 Common form of solid precipitation.

2 Occurs once a year, it is a _____

cycle.

3 A winter resting state.

4 A repeating pattern, occurring again

and again.

6

Internal timer, which is responsible

for keeping track of different cycles

of time.

8 Day time active organism.

10 The monkey was nocturnal based on

its ______.

12 Tides are controlled by the _____.

13 Geese are cued into migrating by a

change in ____.

14 When water return to the Earth as

rain, sleet, hail, or snow.

16 Night active organism.

17 Keeps an organism in step with cycles

in nature.

18 Strategy used by chipmunk to survive

winter.

20

Deer need to start growing antlers in

___ ___to have them ready for the

rut season.

22 Word that means moon.

23 Water changes from a gas to tiny

droplets when it _______.

26 Liquid form of precipitation.

Word Bank Environmental Cues Moon April May Condenses Adapt Hibernate Estivation Snow Jetlag Hibernation Migration Precipitation Runoff Biological clock Evaporates Annual consumer Rain Biological Clock/s Lunar Diurnal Nesting ground Nocturnal Pollinator Producer Eyes Day Length Rhythm Transpiration

4

The Times are a Changing

The weather gets colder, days get shorter and leaves turn color and fall off the trees. Soon, winter is here. Snow covers the ground. People live in warm houses and wear heavy coats outside. Our food comes from the grocery store. But what happens to the animals? For each example describe what is does to deal with this change.

MIGRATE Animals do many different things to get through the winter. Some of them "migrate." This means they travel to other places where the weather is warmer or they can find food.

How do they know when it is time to leave for the winter? ADAPT Some animals remain and stay active in the winter. They must adapt to the changing weather. Many make changes in their behavior or bodies. To keep warm, animals may grow new, thicker fur in the fall. For others, the new fur is white to help them hide in the snow. How do they know when it is time grow new fur? Food is hard to find in the winter. Some animals gather extra food in the fall and store it to eat later. How do they know when it is time gather and store food? Some, spend winter looking for moss, twigs, bark and leaves to eat. Other animals eat different kinds of food as the seasons change. Animals may find winter shelter in holes in trees or logs, under rocks or leaves, or underground.

HIBERNATE Some animals "hibernate" for part or all of the winter. This is a special, very deep sleep. The animal's body temperature drops, and its heartbeat and breathing slow down. It uses very little energy. In the fall, these animals get ready for winter by eating extra food and storing it as body fat. They use this fat for energy while hibernating. Some also store food like nuts or acorns to eat later in the winter. Bears, skunks, chipmunks, and some bats hibernate. How do they know when it is time to sleep?

For each animal which strategy it uses: Migration, Hibernation, or Adapt. For each animal pick an environment cue that helps time their strategy to the correct

time of year. For each animal describe how it copes with the change to winter.

Strategy: ____________ Environmental cue:___________________________

How it copes: _____________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________ Strategy: ____________ Environmental cue:___________________________

How it copes: _____________________________________________________


How it copes : _____________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

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How it copes: _____________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________


How it copes: _____________________________________________________


How it copes: _____________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________ Assuming when you worked on the animals you were considering how the biological clock would be involved. Now answer this question, Why would it be important that animals which migrate (to warmer weather or to places with more food), be “told by their biological clock” when to migrate”?

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

Organisms are active at different times of the day. The following questions are about the time of the day and organism is active. Think of nocturnal, diurnal or crepuscular(????) This is a morning glory plant. It opens its flowers, you guessed it, in the morning. This is called ____________ (for its daily hythm). Why is it important that morning glory flower open during the day? Think about it and guess even if you don’t know the answer.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What daily rhythm would you say this monkey is? ________________________

What is your reason (evidence) for your answer? _________________________ _________________________________________________________________

Whitetail deer begin to grow their antlers in late spring. This is long before the mating season when they will be important in dominance sparing with other bucks. How does “a” buck know the late April – early May it is time to start grow antlers. ____________ What cue(s) is/are important to time this correctly? __________________________________________________________________

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Furthermore, it is important that fawns be born in late spring. In order for this to happen the females need to become fertile in early November so they can breed and give birth at the proper time. How does “a” doe know it is the correct time to come into heat (be fertile)? _______ What cue(s) is/are important for the timing of this? ______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________

At this same time bucks have finished the development of the antlers and due to increased levels of testosterone get swollen necks and become aggressive to other buck. How does “a” buck know that now is the time to have more testosterone, to develop a muscular neck and to aggressively spar with other males? ______________________________________ What cue(s) is/are important to correct time buck breeding to doe readiness? _________________

__________________________________________________________________

Snow geese need to nest, incubate, hatch, raise their young in time so the young can migrate south with the parents. In order to arrive in the arctic at the correct time they need to leave their southern home (3,000 mile migrate) at the correct time to arrive at the earliest possible time. Again how do they know when to leave? ____________________What cue(s)? ____________________________ _________________________________________________________________

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BIOLOGICAL CLOCKS, WHO NEEDS THEM? Extra Credit

PROBLEM: At which time of the day are people most alert?

RESEARCH: In a science book find out what it means to say you have a biological

clock. Record answer here.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

HYPOTHESIS: Based on your past experience with when you have had to work,

when do you think you will perform best, morning, midday, after school, before bed,

or the middle of the night? Explain.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

MATERIALS:

Deck of cards Clock (or watch) with a second hand

PROCEDURE:

1. Shuffle the deck of cards.

2. Time how long it takes for you to sort the shuffled deck of cards into four

suits.

3. Try this at different times of the day, including early morning, midday,

afternoon, and bedtime.

4. For each time of the day, sort the cards three times: trials 1, 2, and 3.

5. Enrichment: Set the alarm and try this at 2 o'clock in the morning.

6. Follow this procedure for three days and record your data each day.

7. Construct a data table for your results as follows:

Day Morning Midday Afternoon Bedtime 2:00 (A.M.)

DATA: Record your trials and the average of the three trials in your data table.

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DATA:

QUESTIONS:

1. What time is the best time for you to study or take tests? _____________

_________________________________________________________

2. What other factors could have affected this experiment? _____________

_________________________________________________________

CONCLUSION: Explain what you learned by doing this activity.

Remember that you must answer the question asked in the original problem

statement. _____________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

NOTE: BE SURE TO HAVE YOUR PARENT OR GUARDIAN SIGNS YOUR WORK.

PARENTS: YOUR SIGNATURE SHOWS YOUR STUDENT HAS DONE THE

WORK._________________________________

9

Chapter 27, Section 27-2 (pg.704-709) 1. Matter in the form of _____________, flows in cycles from the _____________ part of the environment to the ______________ part and back again. 2. List the 4 most important cycles of matter. __________________ ______________________________________________________ 3. _____of the world is covered by lakes, streams, rivers, and oceans. 4. Water changing from a gas to a liquid is known as ______________. 5. Water changing from a liquid to a gas is known as ______________. 6. Water coming down to the Earth in the form of rain, sleet, hail, snow, etc… is known as ___________________. 7. Process by which water evaporates from the leaves of plants is known as _________________. 8. Draw the water cycle. Use the terms evaporation, transpiration, Condensation, precipitation, and run off in your drawing.

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9. The atmosphere is ________% oxygen. 10 . When you inhale you take in ______________. When you exhale You release the gas _____________ __________________. 11 . Producers (plants) use the gas ___________ ____________ as part of the process of photosynthesis. Plants release the gas _________ as a waste product of this process. 12 . Draw and label the CO2-O2 cycle. Use the terms carbon dioxide, Oxygen, producers, and consumers in your drawing. 13. About _____% of the atmosphere is “free” nitrogen. 14. Certain kinds of bacteria are able to use nitrogen gas in the air to make nitrogen compounds. This process is called _______________. 15. List 3 places we may find this bacteria. _______________________ _______________________________________________________ 16. Explain: What role do decomposers play in the nitrogen cycle? _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________

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Cycles Of Matter Crossword

12

ACROSS

1 Water that soaks into the ground.

5 Water changing from a gas to a

liquid.

8 Matter flows through the

environment in _______.

12 The oxygen in the atmosphere is

the result of what process?

18 The amount of free nitrogen in the

atmosphere.

19 The only living thing that play a

major part in the water cycle.

21

Process in which the plants release

water vapor into the atmosphere

through their leaves.

22

Unlike energy, this is limited, it can

change form but is neither made

nor destroyed.

23 You breathe in the gas ___.

24 Water that flows over the surface

of the ground.

DOWN

2 Plants release this through their leaves.

3 Water changes from a liquid to a gas.

4 You breathe out the gas _______.

6 Process (often done by bacteria) in which free

nitrogen is changed to compounds of nitrogen.

7 The amount of the Earth's water supply that is

available to humans to use.

9 Nitrogen molecule consisting of two nitrogen

atoms (N2).

10 The amount of oxygen in the atmosphere.

11 The amount of the Earth's surface that is

covered by water.

13 Plants take this in through their leaves.

14 Rain, sleet, hail, snow are examples of.

15 This escapes through the leaves of plant.

16 The amount of precipitation that soaks into the

ground.

17 What forms when water condenses in the

atmosphere?

20 Processes of precipitation, condensation,

evaporation allow this cycle to operate.

Word Bank Plants Twenty Percent Runoff Water

Groundwater Oxygen gas Cycles Nitrogen Fixation

Seventy Eight Percent One Percent Transpiration

Three Fourths Photosynthesis Carbon Dioxide Gas Matter

Precipitation Condensation Evaporation Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide Free Nitrogen Water Vapor Clouds

Twelve Percent

13

Activity: Label the Water Cycle

Ground Water - the process in which water pools in large bodies (like oceans, seas and lakes).

Condensation - the process in which water vapor (a gas) in the air turns into liquid water. Condensing water forms clouds in the sky. Water drops that form on the outside of a glass of icy water are condensed water. (This term appears twice in the diagram.)

Evaporation - the process in which liquid water becomes water vapor (a gas). Water vaporizes from the surfaces of oceans and lakes, from the surface of the land, and from melts in snow fields.

Precipitation - the process in which water (in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail) falls from clouds in the sky.

Subsurface Runoff - rain, snow melt, or other water that flows in underground streams,

drains, or sewers.

Surface Runoff - rain, snow melt, or other water that flows in surface streams, rivers, or canals.

Transpiration - the process in which some water within plants evaporates into the

atmosphere. Water is first absorbed by the plant's roots, then later exits by evaporating through pores in the plant.

14

Chapter 27, Section 27-3 (pg. 710-712)

1. The process in which the community in a particular place is gradually Replaced by another community is called ___________ __________. 2. A stable community of organisms that is not replaced by new arrivals Over time is known as a ______________ _______________. 3. List 3 ways the process of succession can begin. _________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 4. Give at least 2 factors that could speed up or slow down succession. _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________

15

Ecological Succession Worksheet

Succession, a series of environmental changes, occurs in all ecosystems. The

stages that any ecosystem passes through are predictable. In this activity, you

will place the stages of succession of two ecosystems into sequence. You will also

describe changes in an ecosystem and make predictions about changes that will

take place from one stage of succession to another.

The evolution of a body of water from a lake to a marsh can last for

thousands of years. The process cannot be observed directly. Instead, a method

can be used to find the links of stages and then to put them together to develop a

complete story.

The water level of Lake Michigan was once 18 meters higher than it is today.

As the water level fell, land was exposed. Many small lakes or ponds were left

behind where there were depressions in the land. Below are illustrations and

descriptions of four ponds as they exist today. Use the illustrations and

descriptions to answer the questions about the ponds.

16

Pond A: Cattails, bulrushes, and water lilies grow in the pond. These plants have their roots

in the bottom of the pond, but they can reach above the surface of the water.

This pond is an ideal habitat for the animals that must climb to the surface for

oxygen. Aquatic insect larvae are abundant. They serve as food for larger insects,

which in turn are food for crayfish, frogs, salamanders, and turtles.

Pond B: Plankton growth is rich enough to support animals that entered when the pond was

connected to the lake. Fish make nests on the sandy bottom. Mussels crawl over

the bottom.

Pond C:

Decayed bodies of plants and animals form a layer of humus over the bottom of the

pond. Chara, branching green algae, covers the humus. Fish that build nests on the

bare bottom have been replaced by those that lay their eggs on the Chara.

Pond D: The pond is so filled with vegetation that there are no longer any large areas of

open water. Instead, the pond is filled with grasses. The water dries up during

the summer months.

Questions:

1. Write the letters of the ponds in order from the youngest, to the oldest.

2. Black bass and bluegill make their nests on sandy bottoms. In which pond would

you find them?

3. What will happen to the black bass and blue gill as the floor of the ponds fills

with organic debris?

17

4. Golden shiner and mud minnows lay their eggs on Chara (green algae). In which

pond would you find them?

5. Some amphibians and crayfish can withstand periods of dryness by burying

themselves in mud. In which pond(s) would they survive?

6. Dragonfly nymphs spend their early stages clinging to submerged plants. Then,

they climb to the surface, shed their skins, and fly away as dragonflies. Which

pond is best suited for dragonflies?

7. In which pond will gill breathing snails be replaced by lung breathing snails that

climb to the surface to breathe?

8. Some mussels require a sandy bottom in order to maintain an upright position.

In which pond will they die out?

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The climax community in the area of Arkansas is an oak-hickory forest. After

the ponds are filled in, the area will undergo another series of stages of

succession. This is illustrated below. Briefly explain what is happening in the

diagram.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

19

Discovery Streaming Video: The Sun, Water Cycle and Climate. 1. What is the water cycle?____________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 2. Where does the water cycle get energy to keep going? ___________ 3. What is precipitation? ______________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 4. What is condensation? _____________________________________ 5. What is evaporation? ______________________________________ 6. What is transpiration? ______________________________________ 7. What is runoff? ___________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 8. What are the three phases of water? __________________________ 9. What are the different types of precipitation? ___________________ ________________________________________________________ 10. What role do plants play in the water cycle? _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________

20

Word Bank

Carbohydrates

Carbon cycle

Compounds

Fats

Living things

Proteins

Make up

Reused

Used

TThhee CCaarrbboonn

CCyyccllee::

CCaarrbboonn

AAttoommss

CCoonncceepptt MMaapp

CARBON ATOMS

and are

all

and

make up

which

and

and

in the

21

CCAARRBBOONN

DDIIOOXXIIDDEE::

CCoonncceepptt mmaapp ooff

tthhee ccaarrbboonn

aattoomm

is

with a

of

in by by

and is and is

of the

and is

of of

Word bank: Burning Carbon atoms CO2 Composed Earth’s Atmosphere Formula Oxygen atoms Part Photosynthesis Released Respiration Used

CARBON DIOXIDE

22

Into the

Carbon Cycle: Photosynthesis Concept Map

Word Bank Air Make Air Oxygen Carbon dioxide Producer Compounds Sugar Energy Sun Energy Water Green plants Soil

Photosynthesis

occurs in

from the

to make

from the

&

to make

from the

which uses which releases

or

used for used to

other

&

23

WORD BANK Animal matter Animals Animals Bacteria Carbon compounds Compounds Energy Feed Food Fungi Green plants Making Plant matter Producers Use

CARBON CYCLE: Consumers Concept Map

ARE ARE

CONSUMERS

ARE

WHICH WHICH WHICH EAT

WHICH EAT OTHER

WHICH EAT

OR

AND

ON DEAD ON DEAD

AND

AND

THE

OR

FOR

NEW

AND IN

24

Word Bank Air Animals Breakdown Carbon compounds Carbon dioxide Energy Food Oxygen Plants Release Used

Carbon Cycle Respiration Concept Map

occurs in occurs in

RESPIRATION

and uses and uses

in the

of

which contains

with the

of of

which is

into the

25

Goals

My goal for this packet is…….. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ This is my goal because……….

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I know I have accomplished this goal when…. _______________________________________

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

26

What was your 3rd quarter grade in Science? _______

How often was your homework completed on time?

50% 75% 90% 100%

What is your goal for 4th quarter in Science?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

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part 2 cycles in nature name: hour: - bhm · pdf filecycles in nature chapter 27 section 27-1...

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