part 2 basic knowledge of unix
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Integration departmentIntegration departmentIntegration departmentIntegration department
ISSUEISSUE 1.21.2
UNIX FundamentalsUNIX FundamentalsUNIX FundamentalsUNIX Fundamentals
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Course ContentsCourse Contents
UNIX Brief introduction
UNIX Basic operationcommands
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UNIXIntroductionUNIXIntroduction
Content Content
UNIX Versions and Standards UNIX Versions and Standards UNIX Features UNIX Features
UNIX Structure UNIX Structure
UNIX Users UNIX Users
UNIX Shell UNIX Shell
UNIX File System UNIX File System
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UNIX versions and standards UNIX versions and standards
BSD UNIX
UNIX System V
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UNIX Features UNIX Features
Multi-task Multi-task
Multi-user Multi-user
Pipes Pipes
High-capability Shell High-capability Shell
Security Security Stability Stability
Graphic user interface Graphic user interface
Network support Network support
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Hardware System Hardware System
UNIX Kernel UNIX Kernel
Unix Shell
Unix Shell
Application Program Application Program
UNIX Structure UNIX Structure
kernelkernel
shellshell
applicationapplication
kernelkernel
hardwarehardware
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UNIX Users UNIX Users
Ordinary User
Group
Super User(root)
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UNIX Shell Program UNIX Shell Program
ShellType
main featuresrevi
ationcomm
andPromp
t
ourneShell
riginal most popular Provided y every UNIX is the ase of three Shellprograms.
Shell sh $
ornShell
e tensions of Shell compati le with Shell.
Shell sh $
C-Shell
nalogous to Clanguage morecapa ility than Shell the most powerful Shellprogram.
C Shell csh %
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UNIX file system UNIX file system
ree Structure ree Structure
Root File System Root File System
User Home Directory
User Home Directory
/
bin dev etc home1 var cdrom
sh csh is dsk tty01 Rc2.d omc sybase tmp
S98sybserver
bin data install bin
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UNIX is a multi-user, multi-task operatingsystem.
UNIX system consists of hardware, Kernel,
Shell and application program.
he user sends commands to Kernel throughshell.
UNIX file system has tree structure.
UNIX is a multi-user, multi-task operatingsystem.
UNIX system consists of hardware, Kernel,
Shell and application program.
he user sends commands to Kernel throughshell.
UNIX file system has tree structure.
Summary Summary
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Course ContentsCourse Contents
UNIX Brief introduction
UNIX Basic operationcommands
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Unix OperationUnix Operation
UNIX Basic Operation UNIX Basic Operation
Directory Operation Commands Directory Operation Commands
File Navigation Commands File Navigation Commands
File Management Commands File Management Commands
Pipe Commands Pipe Commands
System Resources Commands System Resources Commands
Network Operation Commands Network Operation Commands
vi Common Commands vi Common Commands
System Maintenance Commands System Maintenance Commands
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UNIX Basic OperationUNIX Basic Operation
UNIX Login and Exit UNIX Login and Exit
UNIX Switch User UNIX Switch User
Use of UNIX Command Line Use of UNIX Command Line
Use ofControl Key Use ofControl Key
Clear Screen Clear Screen UNIX on line Help UNIX on line Help
UNIX Restart and Close UNIX Restart and Close
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Log in Unix system Login password
Exit Unix System
exit
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command line structure command [options] [parameters].
here is a blank between them.
Capital and small letters are different in UNIX
commands.
If many parameters are usedthey can be linedup
command -[option1][option2][option3][ ...]
Command Line Command Line
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Control Keys Control Keys
Command unctionControl-C Stop running the program
a normally
Control- Stop the system communication
Control-S To tell the terminal to stop
accepting input
Control-Q To tell the terminal to acceptinput
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clear
Clear command Clear command
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System help System help
man find
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UNIX system restart UNIX system restart
# reboot
UNIX system shutdown UNIX system shutdown
# shutdown hy 0
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UNIX OperationUNIX Operation
Directory operation commands Directory operation commands
pwd: display current directory
cd: change a directory
ls: list directory contents
mkdir: make a directory rmdir: remove a directory
pwd: display current directory
cd: change a directory
ls: list directory contents
mkdir: make a directory rmdir: remove a directory
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Absolute path and relative path Absolute path and relative path
Absolute path is based on root. Directories are
separated by solidus / . Example/home1/omc/data/license.dat
Relative path is based on current directory.
. represents current directory.
.. represents parent directory of current directory.
Example: the current directory is /home1/omc, iflicense.dat is under the directory /home1/ omc/
data, the relative path for this file is ./data/
license.dat
Absolute path is based on root. Directories are
separated by solidus / . Example/home1/omc/data/license.dat
Relative path is based on current directory.
. represents current directory.
.. represents parent directory of current directory.
Example: the current directory is /home1/omc, iflicense.dat is under the directory /home1/ omc/
data, the relative path for this file is ./data/
license.dat
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pwd: display current directory pwd: display current directory
Directory Operation Command Directory Operation Command
/
in li home dev etc
mydir
su su su
other
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cd: change current directory
Format: cd [path]
[path]:Absolute,relative path
cd: change current directory
Format: cd [path]
[path]:Absolute,relative path
return to user main directory: cd
enter system root directorycd / enter parent directorycd ..
enter the second hierarchical
directorycd ../..
return to user main directory: cd
enter system root directorycd / enter parent directorycd ..
enter the second hierarchical
directorycd ../..curdir
lastdir
Directory Operation Command Directory Operation Command
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ls: list directory content
Format: ls [option] [path] [path]: absolute or relative path
ls: list directory content
Format: ls [option] [path] [path]: absolute or relative path
[option]:
-l:list file features
-a:list all files, including hidden
files that begin with a dot (.)
-s: display file block number
[option]:
-l:list file features
-a:list all files, including hidden
files that begin with a dot (.)
-s: display file block number
Directory Operation Command Directory Operation Command
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mkdir: make a directory
Format: mkdir [path]
[path]absolute or relative path
mkdir: make a directory
Format: mkdir [path]
[path]absolute or relative path
newdir
Directory Operation Command Directory Operation Command
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rmdir: remove a directory
Format: rmdir [path]
[path]absolute or relative path
rmdir: remove a directory
Format: rmdir [path]
[path]absolute or relative path
olddir
Directory Operation Command Directory Operation Command
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File Navigation Command File Navigation Command
cat: list a file
more:page through a text file
head:display file head
tail:display file tail
cat: list a file
more:page through a text file
head:display file head
tail:display file tail
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cat:list a file format:cat [option] [path][[path]
] [path]absolute or relative path [option]
-ndisplay new line including blanklines-bdisplay new line not including blanklines
cat:list a file format:cat [option] [path][[path]
] [path]absolute or relative path [option]
-ndisplay new line including blanklines-bdisplay new line not including blanklines
File Navigation Command File Navigation Command
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more: page through a text file
format: more [path]
[path]: absolute or relative path
more: page through a text file
format: more [path]
[path]: absolute or relative path
File Navigation Command File Navigation Command
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head:display the first 10 lines of the file
format:head [option] [path]
[path]: absolute or relative path
[option]:-n: n represents the first n lines
head:display the first 10 lines of the file
format:head [option] [path]
[path]: absolute or relative path
[option]:-n: n represents the first n lines
File Navigation Command File Navigation Command
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tail:display the last 10 lines of the file
format:tail [option] [path]
[path]absolute or relative path
[option]
-nn represents the last n lines
tail:display the last 10 lines of the file
format:tail [option] [path]
[path]absolute or relative path
[option]
-nn represents the last n lines
File Navigation Command File Navigation Command
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File Management Command File Management Command
cp: copy a file mv: move a file
rm: remove a file
find: look for a file
chmod: change a file or directory accesspermissions
chown: change the ownership of a file
chgrp: change the group of a file
cp: copy a file mv: move a file
rm: remove a file
find: look for a file
chmod: change a file or directory accesspermissions
chown: change the ownership of a file
chgrp: change the group of a file
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cp: copy a file
format: cp
[path]: absolute or relative path
cp: copy a file
format: cp
[path]: absolute or relative path
File Management Command File Management Command
From
To
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mvmove a file or rename a file
format: mv
[path]absolute or relative path
mvmove a file or rename a file
format: mv
[path]absolute or relative path
From
To
File Management Command File Management Command
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rmremove a file
format: rm [options] [path]absolute or relative path
[options]
-iinteractive operation
-rrecursively copy a directory
-fclose interactive operation
rmremove a file
format: rm [options] [path]absolute or relative path
[options]
-iinteractive operation
-rrecursively copy a directory
-fclose interactive operation
File Management Command File Management Command
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difference between rm -r and rmdir
rmdirremove a directory which should be
empty
rm -r
remove the directory and its contents
difference between rm -r and rmdir
rmdirremove a directory which should be
empty
rm -r
remove the directory and its contents
File Management Command File Management Command
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techniques of using find command
1run
Example find . -name test -print>abc.file&
cat abc.file
2search under root directory by superuser
techniques of using find command
1run
Example find . -name test -print>abc.file&
cat abc.file
2search under root directory by superuser
File Management Command File Management Command
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File Management Command
File Management Command
UNIX OperationUNIX Operation
$ ls -l sort
-rwxr-x--x 1 myname mygroup 120 Jul 26 10:20 sort
other
group
owner
file type
- An ordinary file
b A block file
c A character file
l A link
d A directory
owner group
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File Management Command-chmod
File Management Command-chmod
UNIX OperationUNIX Operation
$ ls -l sort
-rwxr-x--x 1 myname mygroup 120 Jul 26 10:20 sort
$ chmod 770 sort
$ ls -l sort
-rwxrwx--- 1 myname mygroup 120 Jul 26 10:20 sort
$ chmod g-w,o+x sort
$ ls -l sort
-rwxr-x--x 1 myname mygroup 120 Jul 26 10:20 sort
$ chmod u=rw,g=wx,o=rwx sort
$ ls -l sort
-rw--wxrwx 1 myname mygroup 120 Jul 26 10:20 sort
rwxr-x--x111101001
7 5 1
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chown:change file owner
format:chown [option] user[:user group]
filename
Example:
# chown new-owner filename
Notice:change file owner only under super
user
chown:change file owner
format:chown [option] user[:user group]
filename
Example:
# chown new-owner filename
Notice:change file owner only under super
user
File Management Command File Management Command
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chgrpchange the group of the file
format: chgrp [option] user_group filename
Example#chgrp new_group filename
Notice
1. he group name should exist before
changing file group name2. After changing file featuresits sub
directory and file features don't be changed
chgrpchange the group of the file
format: chgrp [option] user_group filename
Example#chgrp new_group filename
Notice
1. he group name should exist before
changing file group name2. After changing file featuresits sub
directory and file features don't be changed
File Management Command File Management Command
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Pipe Command Pipe Command
file redirection
grep: search string
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symbol redirection fuction
> output redirection
>> add output
| pipe operation
< input redirection
file redirection file redirection
Pipe Command Pipe Command
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system resources command system resources command
who:display all login users date:display and set system time
df, du:display disk status
whereisreport the place of command
hostname:display host name
ifconfigcheck host IP
who:display all login users date:display and set system time
df, du:display disk status
whereisreport the place of command
hostname:display host name
ifconfigcheck host IP
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who: display current all login users
system resources command system resources command
format: who
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Date:display and set current system time
system resources command system resources command
format:date [mmddhhmmyy[.ss]]
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common optiondf [options] [resource]
[options]
-l local file system-k report disk space by unit "k"
common optiondf [options] [resource]
[options]
-l local file system-k report disk space by unit "k"
dfreport disk remained space dfreport disk remained space
system resource command system resource command
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whereis reports the place of command whereis reports the place of command
usagewhereis [option]
[command]
system resource command system resource command
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usagehostname
[hostname]
hostnamereports or sets hostname
hostnamereports or sets hostname
system resource command system resource command
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ifconfigshow the IP
address of the host
$ ifconfig -a
system resource command system resource command
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network operation command network operation command
ping:network test
telnet:remote access
ftp:transfers file
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ping:tests the physicalstate of the network
network operation command network operation command
format: ping
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telnet:remote access theUNIX system
network operation command network operation command
format: telnet
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ftp:transfers file ftp:transfers file
ftp
network operation command network operation command
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ftpcommands
e planation
or help[command]
help
inarytransfer file y inary
mode
asciitransfer file y SCII
mode default value
cd[directory]
change remote directory
lcd[directory]
change local directory
put file[file ]
copy local file toremote file
ftp
commands
e planation
get file[file ]
copy remote file tolocal file
mput filescopy many local files
to remote
mget filescopy many remote
files to local
closeclose remoteconnection
quit orye
e it ftp
F P useful commands F P useful commands
network operation command network operation command
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vi useful commands vi useful commands vi start: vi filename vi start: vi filename
two modestext mode and command mode two modestext mode and command mode
text insert commanda, A, I, i, o or O text insert commanda, A, I, i, o or O
cursor move commandh, j, k, l cursor move commandh, j, k, l
text remove commandx, dd text remove commandx, dd
exit with saving:wq exit with saving:wq
exit without saving :q! exit without saving :q!
UNIX OperationUNIX Operation
Commonly used command in vi: Commonly used command in vi:
the ESC
key is used to change the text mode tocommand mode
the ESC
key is used to change the text mode tocommand mode
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UNIX Maintenance Command UNIX Maintenance Command
user management command
process management command
system backup command
user management command
process management command
system backup command
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User Management Commands User Management Commands
command line command line
useradd: add user account useradd: add user account
userdel: delete user account userdel: delete user account
groupadd: add user group groupadd: add user group
groupdel: delete user group groupdel: delete user group
admintool admintool
graphic graphic
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kill: clear process kill: clear process
format:kill [options] process id
[options]
-l: list all useful kill command signals
-s: send fixed signal to a process
example: -9 means killing the process forcibly.
format:kill [options] process id
[options]
-l: list all useful kill command signals
-s: send fixed signal to a process
example: -9 means killing the process forcibly.
Process Management Command Process Management Command
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System Backup Command System Backup Command
tar:system backup command tar:system backup command
tar [options [modifier]] file [options]
xread
cmake a new database
vstart display mode
fmeans file database is file.
tar [options [modifier]] file [options]
xread
cmake a new database
vstart display mode
fmeans file database is file.
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UNIX OperationUNIX Operation TarTarUNIX OperationUNIX Operation TarTar
1Save archive file to tape
# tar cvf /dev/rmt /0m /var
2Save archive file to a regular file
# tar cvf data.tar /app/mydata
3List the content of the archive file
# tar tvf data.tar
4extract the archive file
# tar xvf data.tar
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UNIX OperationUNIX Operation CronCronUNIX OperationUNIX Operation CronCron
# crontab -e create a crontab file
# crontab -l list crontab file
# crontab -r delete crontab file
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UNIX OperationUNIX Operation Cron FileCron FileUNIX OperationUNIX Operation Cron FileCron File
min hour date month day command
0-59 0-23 1-31 1-12 0-6
0 * * * * /usr/bin/date >/dev/console
30 0 1,15 * 0 > /var/adm/wtmp0 0 * * 1-5 /usr/bin/rm /home/usr/logfile
0 20 * * 1 /myusr/test.sh >/dev/null
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