Parking Shade replicated in SAP 2000

Max stress for single cantilever awning

Capstone’s Parking Shade Project

Technical Challenges:

The addition and design/placement of FRP rebar that would best support certain sections of the structure.

Forming a parabolic equation to have precise measurements for the curved awning formwork.

Determining certain times and days all group members could join in collaboration and work together.

There were many delays that only allowed us a few days (5) for the concrete to cure.

We assumed the curved awing to be a pin, but in reality the connection was fixed.

The nominal unit weight of concrete was wrongly assumed to be equal to the unit weight of the soil that would be in the “soil box” of the structure.

Column was installed in an inappropriate way of moment of inertia. The major axis was misplaced by the minor axis.

The modulus of elasticity of FRP is similar to concrete, and ¼ smaller when compared to steel, which causes the structure to be more flexible and there was more deflection observed in the cantilever structure.

The length of development for such a high level of load for the FRP reinforcement at the connection of curved awning and box area should have been overestimated when we have a high level of tension in the thin portion of the awning.

Assembling the final sample was a difficult task, we resorted to the help of a forklift to carry out the task.

Accomplishments:

The senior design team gained a lot of practical experience by applying theoretical experience to practical experience in project team management and teamwork. The newest technologies that were implemented included FRP structural reinforcement, arch design of cantilever slab to reduce concrete weight, and being cost efficient.

Fall 2015

Professor: Arash Rahmatian,

PhD.Project Manager:

Linh NgoTeam Members:

Daniel Kiir Hoang Tran Juan Moreno Mohammed Ahmed Paul Flores

Introduction

As students at the University of Houston-Downtown, in the Structural Analysis & Design program, we were given the opportunity to work on a capstone project under the guidance and supervision from Dr. Rahmatian. For our team, we chose to build a Parking Shade that would be built entirely of reinforced concrete. Our goal is to provide a long-lasting, cost-efficient, portable parking shade. With the Fiber Reinforced concrete, the structure will be able to endure the harsh weathering throughout many years. It is made entirely of concrete, so the cost is at a bare minimum. The structure is equipped with hidden outlets for attachments of removable hooks; making for easy portability. The bottom slab was designed to be independent of a foundation, giving the structure the versatility to be placed practically anywhere.

Scope of Project:Design

Phase 1: Software –AutoCAD for sketch, design and draft

Phase 2: Calculations and structural analysis –data based on SAP 2000 & MS Excel Sheet

Phase 3: Obtain material & equipment – hand tools, jig saw, angle grinder, wood clamps, nail gun, compressor, aluminum tape, wood glue, medium density fiberboard (MDF), lumber (2x4), 1/4in. hardwood plywood, steel, FRP rebar, cement, aggregate, sand, silica fume, vibrator, and vibrating table.

Mold Construction & Concrete Mix Design:

Casting of Parking Shade:

Phase 1: Pouring and curing the concrete into the formwork then use vibratory machine to get rid of gaps & air as it

provided a smooth finish, & cured for 5 days

Finishing:

Phase 1: Formwork Stripping

Phase 2: Assemble the parts using the forklift

Technical Challenges:

The addition and design/placement of FRP rebar that would best support certain sections of the structure.

Forming a parabolic equation to have precise measurements for the curved awning formwork.

Determining certain times and days all group members could join in collaboration and work together.

There were many delays that only allowed us a few days (5) for the concrete to cure.

We assumed the curved awing to be a pin, but in reality the connection was fixed.

The nominal unit weight of concrete was wrongly assumed to be equal to the unit weight of the soil that would be in the “soil box” of the structure.

Column was installed in an inappropriate way of moment of inertia. The major axis was misplaced by the minor axis.

The modulus of elasticity of FRP is similar to concrete, and ¼ smaller when compared to steel, which causes the structure to be more flexible and there was more deflection observed in the cantilever structure.

The length of development for such a high level of load for the FRP reinforcement at the connection of curved awning and box area should have been overestimated when we have a high level of tension in the thin portion of the awning.

Assembling the final sample was a difficult task, we resorted to the help of a forklift to carry out the task.

Accomplishments:

The senior design team gained a lot of practical experience by applying theoretical experience to practical experience in project team management and teamwork. The newest technologies that were implemented included FRP structural reinforcement, arch design of cantilever slab to reduce concrete weight, and being cost efficient.