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Page 1: Paradigms - Reading Biblical Hebrew · 10 of 40 Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms John C. Beckman Verb-Stem Paradigm • This paradigm is developed in chapters 19–38. Active

2019.10.23

Reading Biblical Hebrew Paradigms

Page 2: Paradigms - Reading Biblical Hebrew · 10 of 40 Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms John C. Beckman Verb-Stem Paradigm • This paradigm is developed in chapters 19–38. Active

2 of 40 Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms John C. Beckman

~ 1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8 9 0 - = del

Q W E R T

Y U I O P [ ] \ Tab

A S D F G

H J K L ; ‘ Return Caps

Z X C V B

N M , . / Shift Shift

Alt Cmd Space Cmd Alt Ctrl Ctrl

~ 1 2 3 4

־ 0 9 8 7 6 5 del

ו ק י ת ר Tab \ [ ] פ

ג ש ד ס

ל כ ש ה ‘ Return Caps

Shift Shift / . , מ נ ב ט צ ח ז

Alt Cmd Space Cmd Alt Ctrl Ctrl

~ 1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8 9 0

maqaf dagesh

del

quf vav segol resh tav yud qubuts hiriq holam pe

[ ] \ Tab

patah samekh dalet sin gimel he shin kaf lamed shva

‘ Return Caps

zayin het tsadi tet bet nun mem

, . / Shift Shift

Alt Cmd Space Cmd Alt Ctrl Ctrl

~ 1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8 9 0 - = del

Q W E R T

Y U I O P [ ] \ Tab

A S D F G

H J K L ; ‘ Return Caps

Z X C V B

N M , . / Shift Shift

Alt Cmd Space Cmd Alt Ctrl Ctrl

~ 1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8 9 0 del

Tab \ [ ] ף

Return Caps ‘ ך

Shift Shift / א ע ם ן ץ

Alt Cmd Space Cmd Alt Ctrl Ctrl

~ 1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8 9 0

del

tsere holam final pe

[ ] \ Tab

qamats final kaf

; ‘ Return Caps

final tsadi final nun final mem ayin alef

/ Shift Shift

Alt Cmd Space Cmd Alt Ctrl Ctrl

Hebrew Keyboard Map • This keyboard map is used by the online quiz system. • It is a subset of the SIL Hebrew keyboard map. E.g., Qamats and qamats qatan are both typed as shift-A.

א ב ג ד ה ו ז ח ט י כ ך ל מ ם נ ן ס ע פ ף צ ץ ק ר ש ש ת t j f r q c p s n m l k y v x z w h d g b

shift C P < N M K >

= u o i e a ; shift E A ctrl alt shift O E A \

~ 1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8 9 0 - = del

Q W E R T

Y U I O P [ ] \ Tab

A S D F G

H J K L ; ‘ Return Caps

Z X C V B

N M , . / Shift Shift

Alt Cmd Space Cmd Alt Ctrl Ctrl

~ 1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8 9 0 del

[ ] \ Tab

‘ Return Caps

, . / Shift Shift

Alt Cmd Space Cmd Alt Ctrl Ctrl

~ 1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8 9 0

del

hataf segol hataf qamats

[ ] \ Tab

hataf patah

; ‘ Return Caps

, . / Shift Shift

Alt Cmd Space Cmd Alt Ctrl Ctrl

accent

Page 3: Paradigms - Reading Biblical Hebrew · 10 of 40 Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms John C. Beckman Verb-Stem Paradigm • This paradigm is developed in chapters 19–38. Active

John C. Beckman Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms 3 of 40

Noun-Ending Paradigm • This paradigm is developed in chapters 8, 14, and 15. • Partial paradigms are shown in chapters 8 and 14 of this document.

Number Gender

Absolute State Construct State

(Bare) +Pronominal Suffix ■

Singular

Usually Masculine (none) ■ (none)

Masculine ה ה ■

Feminine ה ת ■ ת

ת ■ ת ת

Dual Either ים י ■ י

Feminine ים י ■ תי ת ת

Plural Usually Masculine ים י ■ י

Usually Feminine ות ■ ותי ות

• represents the last consonant of the noun before the ending. • ■ represents any pronominal suffix. • If no accent is shown, then either of the last two (non-reduced) vowels can be accented. • If no vowel is shown before ת ,י, or a pronominal suffix ■, then the vowel varies. י ➢ ■ (i.e., hiriq-yod) may occur on singular nouns but never on dual or plural nouns.

• The plural endings ים and ות may be written defectively as ם and ת • The yod may be omitted in the feminine plural ending ותי ■ ■ ות →

The adjective endings are a subset of noun endings. As shown on page 16: ➢ Delete the ‘dual’ rows, because only nouns can be dual. ➢ Delete the word ‘usually’ in the gender column,

because the ending on an adjective always indicates the gender of the adjective.

Page 4: Paradigms - Reading Biblical Hebrew · 10 of 40 Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms John C. Beckman Verb-Stem Paradigm • This paradigm is developed in chapters 19–38. Active

4 of 40 Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms John C. Beckman

Noun-Ending Paradigm • This paradigm is developed in chapters 8, 14, and 15. • Partial paradigms are shown in chapters 8 and 14 of this document.

Number Gender

Absolute State Construct State

(Bare) +Pronominal Suffix ■

Singular

Usually Masculine (none) ■ (none)

Masculine ה ה ■

Feminine ה ת ■ ת

ת ■ ת ת

Dual Either ים י ■ י

Feminine ים י ■ תי ת ת

Plural Usually Masculine ים י ■ י

Usually Feminine ות ■ ותי ות

• represents the last consonant of the noun before the ending. • ■ represents any pronominal suffix. • If no accent is shown, then either of the last two (non-reduced) vowels can be accented. • If no vowel is shown before ת ,י, or a pronominal suffix ■, then the vowel varies. י ➢ ■ (i.e., hiriq-yod) may occur on singular nouns but never on dual or plural nouns.

• The plural endings ים and ות may be written defectively as ם and ת • The yod may be omitted in the feminine plural ending ותי ■ ■ ות →

The adjective endings are a subset of noun endings. As shown on page 16: ➢ Delete the ‘dual’ rows, because only nouns can be dual. ➢ Delete the word ‘usually’ in the gender column,

because the ending on an adjective always indicates the gender of the adjective.

Page 5: Paradigms - Reading Biblical Hebrew · 10 of 40 Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms John C. Beckman Verb-Stem Paradigm • This paradigm is developed in chapters 19–38. Active

John C. Beckman Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms 5 of 40

Pronominal Suffix Paradigm • This paradigm is developed in chapter 14.

Number Person Gender On Anything Not Finite

Verbs Usually

Imperfect

Singular

1 Common ני י ני

2 M ך ך

F ך

3 M נו ה הו ו ו

F נה ה ה

Plural

1 Common נו נו

2 M כם

F כן

3 M הם מו ם

F הן ן

• represents the last consonant before the pronominal suffix. • Regarding the 1cs pronominal suffix י י ➢ indicates that the underlying word is singular (or has no number) י ➢ and י indicates that the underlying word is plural (or dual or has no number)

• Of the 541 occurrences of ‘usually imperfect’ pronominal suffixes, 519 are on imperfect verbs.

Page 6: Paradigms - Reading Biblical Hebrew · 10 of 40 Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms John C. Beckman Verb-Stem Paradigm • This paradigm is developed in chapters 19–38. Active

6 of 40 Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms John C. Beckman

Pronominal Suffix Paradigm • This paradigm is developed in chapter 14.

Number Person Gender On Anything Not Finite

Verbs Usually

Imperfect

Singular

1 Common ני י ני

2 M ך ך

F ך

3 M נו ה הו ו ו

F נה ה ה

Plural

1 Common נו נו

2 M כם

F כן

3 M הם מו ם

F הן ן

• represents the last consonant before the pronominal suffix. • Regarding the 1cs pronominal suffix י י ➢ indicates that the underlying word is singular (or has no number) י ➢ and י indicates that the underlying word is plural (or dual or has no number)

• Of the 541 occurrences of ‘usually imperfect’ pronominal suffixes, 519 are on imperfect verbs.

Page 7: Paradigms - Reading Biblical Hebrew · 10 of 40 Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms John C. Beckman Verb-Stem Paradigm • This paradigm is developed in chapters 19–38. Active

John C. Beckman Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms 7 of 40

Qal Paradigm

Qal Paradigm • The qal paradigm is developed in chapters 20–29. • Partial paradigms are shown in chapters 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,

25, 27, 28, and 29 of this document.

Qal (Q) ( P, P3+■, Pt, וPp) P, Pp, A (M∞+) I י Pt M∞ (P+, Pp+)

Number Gender Qal Participle Qal Passive Participle

Absolute Construct Absolute Construct

Singular

M ל קטול קטול same → קטF ה ת קטל ה קטל קטול ת קטולF לת same (does not occur) (does not occur) → קט

Plural M ים י קטל ים קטל קטול י קטולF קטלות → same same → קטולות

PGN QP+ ■ QP QI QM

1cs י לתי ■קטלת ל קט אקט

2ms לת ■קטלת ל קט ל ∞or Q תקט קט

2fs omit לת י קט or תקטלQ∞+1cs יקטל

3ms ל ■קטל ל קט יקט

3fs ת or QM2ms ■קטל+parHe ה ל קטל תקט

1cp לנו ■קטלנו ל קט נקט

2mp omit ם קטלו תקטלו קטלת

2fp omit ן לנה קטלת לנה תקט קט

3mp יקטלו קטלו ■קטלו

3fp 3cp = ↑ 3cp = ↑ לנה ל QA תקט קט

Page 8: Paradigms - Reading Biblical Hebrew · 10 of 40 Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms John C. Beckman Verb-Stem Paradigm • This paradigm is developed in chapters 19–38. Active

8 of 40 Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms John C. Beckman

Qal Paradigm

Qal Paradigm • The qal paradigm is developed in chapters 20–29. • Partial paradigms are shown in chapters 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,

25, 27, 28, and 29 of this document.

Qal (Q) ( P, P3+■, Pt, וPp) P, Pp, A (M∞+) I י Pt M∞ (P+, Pp+)

Number Gender Qal Participle Qal Passive Participle

Absolute Construct Absolute Construct

Singular

M ל קטול קטול same → קטF ה תטק קטל ה ל קטול ת קטולF לת same (does not occur) (does not occur) → קט

Plural M ים י קטל ים קטל קטול י קטולF קטלות → same same → קטולות

PGN QP+ ■ QP QI QM

1cs י לתי ■קטלת ל קט אקט

2ms לת ■קטלת ל קט ל ∞or Q תקט קט

2fs omit לת י קט or תקטלQ∞+1cs י קטל

3ms ל ■קטל ל קט יקט

3fs ת or QM2ms ■קטל+parHe ה ל קטל תקט

1cp לנו ■קטלנו ל קט נקט

2mp omit ם קטלו תקטלו קטלת

2fp omit לנה ןתקטל לנה תקט קט

3mp יקטלו קטלו ■קטלו

3fp 3cp = ↑ 3cp = ↑ לנה ל QA תקט קט

Page 9: Paradigms - Reading Biblical Hebrew · 10 of 40 Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms John C. Beckman Verb-Stem Paradigm • This paradigm is developed in chapters 19–38. Active

John C. Beckman Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms 9 of 40

Verb-Stem Paradigm • This paradigm is developed in chapters 19–38.

Active Middle Passive Qal (Q) ( P, P3+■, Pt, וPp) Niphal (N) ( P, A) Niphal

P, Pp, A (M∞+) נ P, Pt, A

I י I י

Pt

M∞ (P+, Pp+) ה M∞A

Piel (D) Hitpael (HtD) Pual (Dp)

P הת P, M∞A P

I י I ית I י

מת Pt מ Pt מ Pt

M∞A

Hiphil (H) י ( A, M2ms+Ø, short I) Hiphil Hophal (Hp)

ה P ה/ה P

י I י/י I

Pt מ/מ Pt מ

M∞A ה

Page 10: Paradigms - Reading Biblical Hebrew · 10 of 40 Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms John C. Beckman Verb-Stem Paradigm • This paradigm is developed in chapters 19–38. Active

10 of 40 Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms John C. Beckman

Verb-Stem Paradigm • This paradigm is developed in chapters 19–38.

Active Middle Passive Qal (Q) ( P, P3+■, Pt, וPp) Niphal (N) ( P, A) Niphal

P, Pp, A (M∞+) נ P, Pt, A

I י I י

Pt

M∞ (P+, Pp+) ה M∞A

Piel (D) Hitpael (HtD) Pual (Dp)

P הת P, M∞A P

I י I ית I י

Pt מ Pt מת Pt מ

M∞A

Hiphil (H) י ( A, M2ms+Ø, short I) Hiphil Hophal (Hp)

ה P ה/ה P

I י/י I י

Pt מ/מ Pt מ

M∞A ה

Page 11: Paradigms - Reading Biblical Hebrew · 10 of 40 Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms John C. Beckman Verb-Stem Paradigm • This paradigm is developed in chapters 19–38. Active

John C. Beckman Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms 11 of 40

Chapter 4: Consonants • Write the Hebrew consonants in alphabetical order. • Write the pronunciation if it is not the same as the first sound of the name. Note dagesh dependence.

Pronunciation (if needed) Name Final Form Consonant silent alef 1 א

V if no dagesh bet 2 ב

gimel 3 ג

dalet 4 ד

he 5 ה

vav 6 ו

zayin 7 ז

KH het 8 ח

tet 9 ט

yud 10 י

KH if no dagesh kaf ך כ 11

lamed 12 ל

mem ם 13 מ

nun ן 14 נ

samekh 15 ס

silent ayin 16 ע

F if no dagesh pe ף פ 17

tsadi ץ 18 צ

quf 19 ק

resh 20 ר

sin 21 ש

shin 22 ש

tav 23 ת

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12 of 40 Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms John C. Beckman

Chapter 4: Consonants • Write the Hebrew consonants in alphabetical order. • Write the pronunciation if it is not the same as the first sound of the name. Note dagesh dependence.

Pronunciation (if needed) Name Final Form Consonant silent alef 1 א

V if no dagesh bet 2 ב

gimel 3 ג

dalet 4 ד

he 5 ה

vav 6 ו

zayin 7 ז

KH het 8 ח

tet 9 ט

yud 10 י

KH if no dagesh kaf ך כ 11

lamed 12 ל

mem ם 13 מ

nun ן 14 נ

samekh 15 ס

silent ayin 16 ע

F if no dagesh pe ף פ 17

tsadi ץ 18 צ

quf 19 ק

resh 20 ר

sin 21 ש

shin 22 ש

tav 23 ת

Page 13: Paradigms - Reading Biblical Hebrew · 10 of 40 Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms John C. Beckman Verb-Stem Paradigm • This paradigm is developed in chapters 19–38. Active

John C. Beckman Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms 13 of 40

Chapter 5: Vowels • Fill in the following table, writing both the symbols and the names of the vowels.

Class Sound Vowel Letters Regular Vowels Reduced Vowels

A latte

ה qamats he

patah

qamats hataf patah

E bet ה segol he

ה tsere he

י segol yodי tsere yod

segol

tsere hataf segol

I free י hiriq yod hiriq

O go ה holam he ו holam vav qamats qatan

holam hataf qamats

U goo ו shuruq qubuts

None bet vocal shva

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14 of 40 Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms John C. Beckman

Chapter 5: Vowels • Fill in the following table, writing both the symbols and the names of the vowels.

Class Sound Vowel Letters Regular Vowels Reduced Vowels

A latte

ה qamats he

patah

qamats hataf patah

E bet ה segol he

ה tsere he

י segol yodי tsere yod

segol

tsere hataf segol

I free י hiriq yod hiriq

O go ה holam he ו holam vav qamats qatan

holam hataf qamats

U goo ו shuruq qubuts

None bet vocal shva

Page 15: Paradigms - Reading Biblical Hebrew · 10 of 40 Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms John C. Beckman Verb-Stem Paradigm • This paradigm is developed in chapters 19–38. Active

John C. Beckman Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms 15 of 40

Chapter 8 [Partial Paradigm] Noun Endings • The noun-ending paradigm is developed in chapters 8, 14, and 15. ➢ Partial paradigms are shown in chapters 8 and 14 of this document. ➢ The complete noun-ending paradigm is shown on page 3 of this document.

Number Gender

(Bare)

Singular

Usually Masculine (none)

Masculine ה

Feminine ה

ת

Dual Either ים

Feminine ים ת

Plural Usually Masculine ים

Usually Feminine ות

• represents the last consonant of the noun before the ending. • If no accent is shown, then either of the last two (non-reduced) vowels can be accented. • The plural endings ים and ות may be written defectively as ם and ת

Page 16: Paradigms - Reading Biblical Hebrew · 10 of 40 Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms John C. Beckman Verb-Stem Paradigm • This paradigm is developed in chapters 19–38. Active

16 of 40 Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms John C. Beckman

Chapter 11 [Partial Paradigm] Adjective Endings vs. Noun Endings • The adjective endings are a subset of noun endings. The changes for adjectives are shown below: ➢ Delete the ‘dual’ rows, since only nouns can be dual. ➢ Delete the word ‘usually’ in the gender column, since the ending on an adjective always indicates

its gender.

Number Gender

(Bare)

Singular

Usually Masculine (none)

Masculine ה

Feminine ה

ת

Dual Either ים

Feminine ים ת

Plural Usually Masculine ים

Usually Feminine ות

• represents the last consonant of the noun before the ending. • If no accent is shown, then either of the last two (non-reduced) vowels can be accented. • The plural endings ים and ות may be written defectively as ם and ת

Page 17: Paradigms - Reading Biblical Hebrew · 10 of 40 Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms John C. Beckman Verb-Stem Paradigm • This paradigm is developed in chapters 19–38. Active

John C. Beckman Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms 17 of 40

Chapter 14 [Partial Paradigm] Noun Endings Before a Suffix • The noun-ending paradigm is developed in chapters 8, 14, and 15. ➢ Partial paradigms are shown in chapters 8 and 14 of this document. ➢ The complete noun-ending paradigm is shown on page 3 of this document.

Number Gender

(Bare) +Pronominal Suffix ■

Singular

Usually Masculine (none) ■

Masculine ה ■

Feminine ה ■ ת

■ ת ת

Dual Either ים ■ י

Feminine ים ■ תי ת

Plural Usually Masculine ים ■ י

Usually Feminine ות ■ ותי

• represents the last consonant of the noun before the ending. • ■ represents any pronominal suffix. • If no accent is shown, then either of the last two (non-reduced) vowels can be accented. • If no vowel is shown before ת ,י, or a pronominal suffix ■, then the vowel varies. י ➢ ■ (i.e., hiriq-yod) may occur on singular nouns but never on dual or plural nouns.

• The plural endings ים and ות may be written defectively as ם and ת • The yod may be omitted in the feminine plural ending ותי ■ ■ ות →

The adjective endings are a subset of noun endings. As shown on page 16: ➢ Delete the ‘dual’ rows, because only nouns can be dual. ➢ Delete the word ‘usually’ in the gender column,

because the ending on an adjective always indicates the gender of the adjective.

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18 of 40 Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms John C. Beckman

Chapter 14: Pronominal Suffix Paradigm

Number Person Gender On Anything Not Finite

Verbs Usually

Imperfect

Singular

1 Common ני י ני

2 M ך ך

F ך

3 M נו ה הו ו ו

F נה ה ה

Plural

1 Common נו נו

2 M כם

F כן

3 M הם מו ם

F הן ן

• represents the last consonant before the pronominal suffix. • Regarding the 1cs pronominal suffix י י ➢ indicates that the underlying word is singular (or has no number) י ➢ and י indicates that the underlying word is plural (or dual or has no number)

• Of the 541 occurrences of ‘usually imperfect’ pronominal suffixes, 519 are on imperfect verbs.

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John C. Beckman Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms 19 of 40

Chapter 15 [Completed Paradigm] Noun-Endings in the Construct State • This paradigm is developed in chapters 8, 14, and 15. • Partial paradigms are shown in chapters 8 and 14 of this document.

Number Gender

Absolute State Construct State

(Bare) +Pronominal Suffix ■

Singular

Usually Masculine (none) ■ (none)

Masculine ה ה ■

Feminine ה ת ■ ת

ת ■ ת ת

Dual Either ים י ■ י

Feminine ים י ■ תי ת ת

Plural Usually Masculine ים י ■ י

Usually Feminine ות ■ ותי ות

• represents the last consonant of the noun before the ending. • ■ represents any pronominal suffix. • If no accent is shown, then either of the last two (non-reduced) vowels can be accented. • If no vowel is shown before ת ,י, or a pronominal suffix ■, then the vowel varies. י ➢ ■ (i.e., hiriq-yod) may occur on singular nouns but never on dual or plural nouns.

• The plural endings ים and ות may be written defectively as ם and ת • The yod may be omitted in the feminine plural ending ותי ■ ■ ות →

The adjective endings are a subset of noun endings. As shown on page 16: ➢ Delete the ‘dual’ rows, because only nouns can be dual. ➢ Delete the word ‘usually’ in the gender column,

because the ending on an adjective always indicates the gender of the adjective.

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20 of 40 Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms John C. Beckman

Chapter 20: [Parti al Paradigm ] Qal Participle

Chapter 20: [Partial Paradigm] Qal Participle • The complete qal paradigm is on page 7.

Qal (Q) ( Pt ) Pt

Number Gender Qal Participle

Absolute Construct

Singular

M ל same → קטF ה ת קטל קטל F לת same → קט

Plural M ים י קטל קטל F קטלות → same

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John C. Beckman Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms 21 of 40

Chapter 21: [Parti al Paradigm ] Qal Passive Participle

Chapter 21: [Partial Paradigm] Qal Passive Participle • The complete qal paradigm is on page 7.

Qal (Q) ( Pt, ו Pp ) Pp Pt ( Pp+ )

Number Gender Qal Participle Qal Passive Participle

Absolute Construct Absolute Construct

Singular

M ל קטול קטול same → קטF ה ת קטל ה קטל קטול ת קטולF לת same (does not occur) (does not occur) → קט

Plural M ים י קטל ים קטל קטול י קטולF קטלות → same same → קטולות

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22 of 40 Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms John C. Beckman

Chapter 22: [Parti al Paradigm ] Qal Infinitive

Chapter 22: [Partial Paradigm] Qal Infinitive • The complete qal paradigm is on page 7.

Qal (Q) ( Pt, ו Pp ) Pp ( ∞+ ) Pt ∞ ( Pp+ )

Number Gender Qal Participle Qal Passive Participle

Absolute Construct Absolute Construct

Singular

M ל קטול קטול same → קטF ה ת קטל ה קטל קטול ת קטולF לת same (does not occur) (does not occur) → קט

Plural M ים י קטל ים קטל קטול י קטולF קטלות → same same → קטולות

or Q∞ ל קט

or Q∞+1cs י קטל

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John C. Beckman Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms 23 of 40

Chapter 23: [Parti al Paradigm ] Qal Perfect

Chapter 23: [Partial Paradigm] Qal Perfect • The complete qal paradigm is on page 7.

Qal (Q) ( P, Pt, ו Pp ) P, Pp ( ∞+ ) Pt ∞ ( P+, Pp+ )

Number Gender Qal Participle Qal Passive Participle

Absolute Construct Absolute Construct

Singular

M ל קטול קטול same → קטF ה ת קטל ה קטל קטול ת קטולF לת same (does not occur) (does not occur) → קט

Plural M ים י קטל ים קטל קטול י קטולF קטלות → same same → קטולות

PGN QP

1cs לתי קט

2ms לת ל ∞or Q קט קט

2fs לת or קטQ∞+1cs י קטל

3ms ל קט

3fs ה קטל

1cp לנו קט

2mp ם קטלת

2fp ן קטלת

3mp קטלו

3fp 3cp = ↑

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Chapter 24: [Parti al Paradigm ] Qal Perfect + Pre/Suf

Chapter 24: [Partial Paradigm] Qal Perfect + Pre/Suf • The complete qal paradigm is on page 7.

Qal (Q) ( P, P3+■, Pt, ו Pp ) P, Pp ( ∞+ ) Pt ∞ ( P+, Pp+ )

Number Gender Qal Participle Qal Passive Participle

Absolute Construct Absolute Construct

Singular

M ל קטול קטול same → קטF ה ת קטל ה קטל קטול ת קטולF לת same (does not occur) (does not occur) → קט

Plural M ים י קטל ים קטל קטול י קטולF קטלות → same same → קטולות

PGN QP+ ■ QP

1cs י לתי ■קטלת קט

2ms לת ■קטלת ל ∞or Q קט קט

2fs omit לת or קטQ∞+1cs י קטל

3ms ל ■קטל קט

3fs ת ה ■קטל קטל

1cp לנו ■קטלנו קט

2mp omit ם קטלת

2fp omit ן קטלת

3mp קטלו ■קטלו

3fp 3cp = ↑ 3cp = ↑

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Chapter 25: [Parti al Paradigm ] Qal Imperfect

Chapter 25: [Partial Paradigm] Qal Imperfect • The complete qal paradigm is on page 7.

Qal (Q) ( P, P3+■, Pt, וPp) P, Pp ( ∞+ ) I י Pt ∞ (P+, Pp+)

Number Gender Qal Participle Qal Passive Participle

Absolute Construct Absolute Construct

Singular

M ל קטול לקטו same → קטF ה ת קטל ה קטל קטול ת קטולF לת same (does not occur) (does not occur) → קט

Plural M ים י קטל ים קטל קטול י קטולF קטלות → same same → קטולות

PGN QP+ ■ QP QI

1cs י לתי ■קטלת ל קט אקט

2ms לת ■קטלת ל קט ל ∞or Q תקט קט

2fs omit לת י קט or תקטלQ∞+1cs י קטל

3ms ל ■קטל ל קט יקט

3fs ת ה ■קטל ל קטל תקט

1cp לנו ■קטלנו ל קט נקט

2mp omit ם תקטלו קטלת

2fp omit לנה ןקטלת תקט

3mp יקטלו קטלו ■קטלו

3fp 3cp = ↑ 3cp = ↑ לנה תקט

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Chapter 27: [Parti al Paradigm ] Qal Imperative

Chapter 27: [Partial Paradigm] Qal Imperative • The complete qal paradigm is on page 7.

Qal (Q) ( P, P3+■, Pt, וPp) P, Pp ( ∞+ ) I י Pt M∞ (P+, Pp+)

Number Gender Qal Participle Qal Passive Participle

Absolute Construct Absolute Construct

Singular

M ל קטול קטול same → קטF ה ת קטל ה קטל קטול ת קטולF לת same (does not occur) (does not occur) → קט

Plural M ים י קטל ים קטל קטול י קטולF קטלות → same same → קטולות

PGN QP+ ■ QP QI QM

1cs י לתי ■קטלת ל קט אקט

2ms לת ■קטלת ל קט ל ∞or Q תקט קט

2fs omit לת י קט or תקטלQ∞+1cs י קטל

3ms ל ■קטל ל קט יקט

3fs ת or QM2ms ■קטל+parHe ה ל קטל תקט

1cp ל לנוקט ■קטלנו נקט

2mp omit ם קטלו תקטלו קטלת

2fp omit ן לנה קטלת לנה תקט קט

3mp יקטלו קטלו ■קטלו

3fp 3cp = ↑ 3cp = ↑ לנה תקט

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Chapter 28: [Parti al Paradigm ] Qal Imperative + Pre/Suf

Chapter 28: [Partial Paradigm] Qal Imperative + Pre/Suf • The complete qal paradigm is on page 7.

Qal (Q) ( P, P3+■, Pt, וPp) P, Pp ( M∞+ ) I י Pt M∞ (P+, Pp+)

Number Gender Qal Participle Qal Passive Participle

Absolute Construct Absolute Construct

Singular

M ל קטול קטול same → קטF ה ת קטל ה קטל קטול ת קטולF לת same (does not occur) (does not occur) → קט

Plural M ים י קטל ים קטל קטול י קטולF קטלות → same same → קטולות

PGN QP+ ■ QP QI QM

1cs י לתי ■קטלת ל קט אקט

2ms לת ■קטלת ל קט ל ∞or Q תקט קט

2fs omit לת י קט or תקטלQ∞+1cs י קטל

3ms ל ■קטל ל קט יקט

3fs ת or QM2ms ■קטל+parHe ה ל קטל תקט

1cp לנו ■קטלנו ל קט נקט

2mp omit ם קטלו תקטלו קטלת

2fp omit ן לנה קטלת לנה תקט קט

3mp יקטלו קטלו ■קטלו

3fp 3cp = ↑ 3cp = ↑ לנה תקט

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Chapter 29: [Completed Paradigm] Qal Absolute

Chapter 29: [Completed Paradigm] Qal Absolute • The complete qal paradigm (without highlighter)

is on page 7.

Qal (Q) ( P, P3+■, Pt, וPp) P, Pp, A ( M∞+ ) I י Pt M∞ (P+, Pp+)

Number Gender Qal Participle Qal Passive Participle

Absolute Construct Absolute Construct

Singular

M ל קטול קטול same → קטF ה ת קטל ה קטל קטול ת קטולF לת same (does not occur) (does not occur) → קט

Plural M ים י קטל ים קטל קטול י קטולF קטלות → same same → קטולות

PGN QP+ ■ QP QI QM

1cs י לתי ■קטלת ל קט אקט

2ms לת ■קטלת ל קט ל ∞or Q תקט קט

2fs omit לת י קט or תקטלQ∞+1cs י קטל

3ms ל ■קטל ל קט יקט

3fs ת or QM2ms ■קטל+parHe ה ל קטל תקט

1cp לנו ■קטלנו ל קט נקט

2mp omit ם קטלו תקטלו קטלת

2fp omit ן לנה קטלת לנה תקט קט

3mp יקטלו קטלו ■קטלו

3fp 3cp = ↑ 3cp = ↑ לנה ל QA תקט קט

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John C. Beckman Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms 29 of 40

Chapter 33: Piel Paradigm

Chapter 33: Piel Paradigm Piel (D)

P

I י

Pt מ

M∞A

Number Gender Participle

Absolute Construct

Singular

M ל same מקטF ה ת מקטל מקטלF לת same מקט

Plural M ים י מקטל מקטלF מקטלות same

PGN Perfect Imperfect Imperative 1cs לתי ל קט אקט

2ms לת ל קט ל or D(∞/A) תקט קט2fs לת י קט י or D∞+1cs תקטל קטל

3ms ל ל קט יקט3fs ה ל קטל תקט1cp לנו ל קט נקט2mp ם וקטל תקטלו קטלת2fp ן לנה קטלת לנה תקט קט

3mp יקטלו קטלו 3fp 3cp = ↑ לנה תקט

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Chapter 33: Piel Paradigm

Chapter 33: Piel Paradigm Piel (D)

P

I י

Pt מ

M∞A

Number Gender Participle

Absolute Construct

Singular

M ל same מקטF ה ת מקטל מקטלF לת same מקט

Plural M ים י מקטל מקטלF מקטלות same

PGN Perfect Imperfect Imperative 1cs לתי ל קט אקט

2ms לת ל קט ל or D(∞/A) תקט קט2fs לת י קט י or D∞+1cs תקטל קטל

3ms ל ל קט יקט3fs ה ל קטל תקט1cp לנו ל קט נקט2mp ם קטלו תקטלו קטלת2fp ן לנה קטלת ל תקט נהקט

3mp יקטלו קטלו 3fp 3cp = ↑ לנה תקט

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Chapter 34: Hiphil Paradigm

Chapter 34: Hiphil Paradigm Hiphil (H) י ( A, M2ms+Ø, short I)

ה P

I י

Pt מ

M∞A ה

Number Gender Participle

Absolute Construct

Singular

M יל same מקטF ה תמקטי מקטיל לF לת same מקט

Plural M ים ימקטי מקטיל לF מקטילות same

PGN Perfect Imperfect (Long) Imperative 1cs לתי יל הקט אקט

2ms לת יל הקט ל or HA תקט הקט2fs לת ילי הקט ילי תקט הקט

3ms יל יל הקט יקט3fs ילה יל הקט תקט1cp לנו יל הקט נקט2mp ם ילו הקטלת ילו תקט הקט2fp ן ילנה הקטלת ילנ תקט ההקט

3mp ילו ילו הקט יקט3fp 3cp = ↑ ילנה יל ∞H תקט הקט

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Chapter 34: Hiphil Paradigm

Chapter 34: Hiphil Paradigm Hiphil (H) י ( A, M2ms+Ø, short I)

ה P

I י

Pt מ

M∞A ה

Number Gender Participle

Absolute Construct

Singular

M יל same מקטF ה תמקטי מקטיל לF לת same מקט

Plural M ים ימקטי מקטיל לF מקטילות same

PGN Perfect Imperfect (Long) Imperative 1cs לתי ילאק הקט ט

2ms לת יל הקט ל or HA תקט הקט2fs לת ילי הקט ילי תקט הקט

3ms יל יל הקט יקט3fs ילה יל הקט תקט1cp לנו יל הקט נקט2mp ם ילו הקטלת ילו תקט הקט2fp ן ילנה הקטלת ילנה תקט הקט

3mp ילו ילו הקט יקט3fp 3cp = ↑ ילנה יל ∞H תקט הקט

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John C. Beckman Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms 33 of 40

Chapter 35: Pual Paradigm

Chapter 35: Pual Paradigm Pual (Dp)

P

I י

Pt מ

Number Gender Participle

Absolute Construct

Singular

M ל מקט

too rare to care

F ה מקטלF לת מקט

Plural M ים מקטלF מקטלות

PGN Perfect Imperfect Imperative

1cs לתי never קט

2ms לת ל קט never תקט2fs לת ית קט never קטל

3ms ל ל קט יקט

3fs ה ל קטל תקט

1cp לנו never קט

2mp ם never תקטלו קטלת2fp never never never

3mp יקטלו קטלו Dp∞ and DpA are too rare to learn 3fp 3cp = ↑ never

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Chapter 35: Pual Paradigm

Chapter 35: Pual Paradigm Pual (Dp)

P

I י

Pt מ

Number Gender Participle

Absolute Construct

Singular

M ל מקט

too rare to care

F ה מקטלF לת מקט

Plural M ים מקטלF מקטלות

PGN Perfect Imperfect Imperative

1cs לתי never קט

2ms לת ל קט never תקט2fs לת י קט never תקטל

3ms ל ל קט יקט

3fs ה ל קטל תקט

1cp לנו never קט

2mp תקטלו םקטלת never 2fp never never never

3mp יקטלו קטלו Dp∞ and DpA are too rare to learn 3fp 3cp = ↑ never

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John C. Beckman Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms 35 of 40

Chapter 35: Hophal Paradigm

Chapter 35: Hophal Paradigm Hophal (Hp)

P ה/ה

I י/י

Pt מ/מ

Number Gender Participle

Absolute Construct

Singular

M ל מ/מקט

too rare to care

F never for a strong verb F לת מ/מקט

Plural M ים מ/מקטלF never for a strong verb

PGN Perfect Imperfect Imperative 1cs לתי ל ה/הקט א/אקט

2ms לת ל ה/הקט too rare to bother (1x) ת/תקט2fs לת י ה/הקט never ת/תקטל

3ms ל ל ה/הקט י/יקט

3fs ה ל ה/הקטל ת/תקט

1cp לנו ל ה/הקט נ/נקט

2mp םה/הקטל never for a strong verb ת/תקטלו ת

2fp never never never

3mp י/יקטלו ה/הקטלו Hp∞ and HpA are too rare to learn 3fp 3cp = ↑ לנה ת/תקט

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Chapter 35: Hophal Paradigm

Chapter 35: Hophal Paradigm Hophal (Hp)

P ה/ה

I י/י

Pt מ/מ

Number Gender Participle

Absolute Construct

Singular

M ל מ/מקט

too rare to care

F never for a strong verb F לת מ/מקט

Plural M ים מ/מקטלF never for a strong verb

PGN Perfect Imperfect Imperative 1cs לתי ל ה/הקט א/אקט

2ms לת ל ה/הקט too rare to bother (1x) ת/תקט2fs לת י ה/הקט never ת/תקטל

3ms ל ל ה/הקט י/יקט

3fs ה ל ה/הקטל ת/תקט

1cp לנוה ל /הקט נ/נקט

2mp ם never for a strong verb ת/תקטלו ה/הקטלת

2fp never never never

3mp י/יקטלו ה/הקטלו Hp∞ and HpA are too rare to learn 3fp 3cp = ↑ לנה ת/תקט

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John C. Beckman Reading Biblical Hebrew — Paradigms 37 of 40

Chapter 36: Hitpael Paradigm

Chapter 36: Hitpael Paradigm Hitpael (HtD)

P, M∞A הת

I ית

Pt מת

Number Gender Participle

Absolute Construct

Singular

M ל מתקט

too rare to care

F ה מתקטלF לת מתקט

Plural M ים מתקטלF מתקטלות

PGN Perfect Imperfect Imperative

1cs לתי ל התקט אתקט

2ms לת ל התקט tDP3ms = תתקט2fs לת י התקט י תתקטל התקטל

3ms or

M2ms / ∞ / A ל ל התקט יתקט

3fs never ל תתקט

1cp לנו ל התקט נתקט

2mp ם tDP3cp = תתקטלו התקטלת2fp never never never

3mp or M2mp יתקטלו התקטלו

3fp 3cp = ↑ לנה תתקט

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Chapter 36: Hitpael Paradigm

Chapter 36: Hitpael Paradigm Hitpael (HtD)

P, M∞A הת

I ית

Pt מת

Number Gender Participle

Absolute Construct

Singular

M ל מתקט

too rare to care

F ה מתקטלF לת מתקט

Plural M ים מתקטלF מתקטלות

PGN Perfect Imperfect Imperative

1cs לתי ל התקט אתקט

2ms לת ל התקט tDP3ms = תתקט2fs לת י התקט י תתקטל התקטל

3ms or

M2ms / ∞ / A ל ל התקט יתקט

3fs never ל תתקט

1cp לנו ל התקט נתקט

2mp ם tDP3cp = תתקטלו התקטלת2fp never never never

3mp or M2mp יתקטלו התקטלו

3fp 3cp = ↑ לנה תתקט

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Chapter 37: Niphal Paradigm

Chapter 37: Niphal Paradigm Niphal (N) ( P, A)

P, Pt, A נ

I י

M∞A ה

Number Gender Participle

Absolute Construct

Singular

M ל נקט

too rare to care

F ה נקטלF לת נקט

Plural M ים נקטלF טלותנק

PGN Perfect Imperfect Imperative

1cs לתי ל/ א נקט אקט

2ms לת ל נקט ל ∞or N תקט הקט2fs לת י נקט י or N∞+1cs תקטל הקטל

3ms ל נקטל יקט

3fs ה ל נקטל תקט

1cp לנו ל נקט נקט

2mp ם הקטלו תקטלו נקטלת

2fp ן לנה נקטלת never תקט

3mp יקטלו נקטלו NA ל הקט3fp 3cp = ↑ לנה ל NA תקט נקט

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Chapter 37: Niphal Paradigm

Chapter 37: Niphal Paradigm Niphal (N) ( P, A)

P, Pt, A נ

I י

M∞A ה

Number Gender Participle

Absolute Construct

Singular

M ל נקט

too rare to care

F ה נקטלF לת נקט

Plural M ים נקטלF נקטלות

PGN Perfect Imperfect Imperative

1cs לתי ל/ א נקט אקט

2ms לת ל נקט ל ∞or N תקט הקט2fs לת י נקט י or N∞+1cs תקטל הקטל

3ms ל נקטל יקט

3fs ה ל נקטל תקט

1cp לנו ל נקט נקט

2mp ם הקטלו טלותק נקטלת

2fp ן לנה נקטלת never תקט

3mp יקטלו נקטלו NA ל הקט3fp 3cp = ↑ לנה ל NA תקט נקט