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GROUP :

LEGENDS AND PARABLES

PRESENTED BY:

SITI ZAYANI

NURUL AMIRANUR AZLINDA

NOOR HIDAYAH

GRACE NG

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LEGEND A very old story or set of stories from ancient times, or thestories, not always true, that people tell about a famousevent or person.

(Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary)

McKay & Dudley said that legend is a story based on thelife of a real person in which events are depicted largerthan life.

(as cited by Wickham,2013)

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LEGEND Is a semi-truestory Has beenpassed on from person-to-person

Has important meaning or symbolism for the culture inwhich it originates.

Usually includes -an element of truth/

-based on historic facts, but

with 'mythical qualities'. Usually involve heroic characters or fantastic places

and often encompass the spiritual beliefs of the culturein which they originate.

Source :http://myths.e2bn.org/teachers/info311-what-are-myths-legends-and-folktales.html

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WHAT IS A PARABLE?parable: comes from theGreek

word parabolee. In the Greekparameans beside,ballomeans to cast or throw.

Parable means to cast beside.

Source : http://www.simplybible.com.au/f663-what-is-a-parable-

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DEFINITION OF PARABLE A parable is an illustrative story, by which a familiaridea is cast beside an unfamiliar ideain such a waythat the comparisonhelps people to betterunderstand and grasp the unfamiliar idea.

Source : http://www.simplybible.com.au/f663-what-is-a-parable-defined.htm

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PARABLES A short simple story which teaches or explains an idea,especially a moral or religious idea.(Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary)

McKay & Dudley said that parable is a fictitious storytold to point to a moral

(as cited by Wickham,2013)

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PARABLESParables are plausible stories with plausible characters (notalking rocks, no magic) that are not presented as true.

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TYPES OF PARABLES

Similes

Similitude Extended Comparisons

Narrative Parables

Example Stories

Non-Christian Parables

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CHARACTERS. Never are more than 2 groups or persons

together in the same scene.

Focus mainly on the human

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SETTING TIMENot necessarily based on an historic event,though it could have happened

PLACE

COMMUNITYContains familiar daily experiences. This helpsthe listener to identify and relate to the story

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PLOT They are stories told in a clear, concise and simpleway

Parables contain unusual expectations at the end ofthe story.

Reversing conclusion to the story that is contrary totheir expectation to provoke a change of thought oraction in the audience's philosophy.

Read more : http://www.ehow.com/list_7149817_characteristics-parable.html

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MORAL VALUES Have moral predicaments that demanddecisions. The decisions made by thecharacters, whether good or bad, arerevealed and the consequences of their

actions given. Parables illustrate a moral or religious

principle.

Read more :http://www.ehow.com/list_7149817_characteristics-parable.html

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EXAMPLES OF PARABLE

STORIES The Obstacle in our Path - Teaches that removing an obstacle

can be a way to improvement

The Story of the Butterfly - Shows that sometimes we need

struggles to grow The Brick - Teaches that going too fast can have bad

consequences

Frog in a Milk Pail - Shows that the frog never gave up andeventually got out of the pail

3 Frogs - Asks if three frogs were on a log and one decided tojump, how many were left. The answer is three because thefrog only made a decision but did not take action.

The River - Shows the importance of stopping something at thesource rather than at the end results.

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PARABLES FOR CHILDREN Parable of the Lost Sheep.mpg.FLV

Parable of Lost Coin.mp4.FLV

Parable of the Talents.FLV Parable of the Sower-Seed.mov.FLV

The Story of Three Frogs - Christian InspirationalMotivational Video.FLV

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Parable%20of%20Lost%20Coin.mp4.FLVhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Parable%20of%20Lost%20Coin.mp4.FLVhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Parable%20of%20the%20Talents.FLVhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Parable%20of%20the%20Sower-Seed.mov.FLVhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/The%20Story%20of%20Three%20Frogs%20-%20Christian%20Inspirational%20Motivational%20Video.FLVhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/The%20Story%20of%20Three%20Frogs%20-%20Christian%20Inspirational%20Motivational%20Video.FLVhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/The%20Story%20of%20Three%20Frogs%20-%20Christian%20Inspirational%20Motivational%20Video.FLVhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/The%20Story%20of%20Three%20Frogs%20-%20Christian%20Inspirational%20Motivational%20Video.FLVhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/The%20Story%20of%20Three%20Frogs%20-%20Christian%20Inspirational%20Motivational%20Video.FLVhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/The%20Story%20of%20Three%20Frogs%20-%20Christian%20Inspirational%20Motivational%20Video.FLVhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/The%20Story%20of%20Three%20Frogs%20-%20Christian%20Inspirational%20Motivational%20Video.FLVhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/The%20Story%20of%20Three%20Frogs%20-%20Christian%20Inspirational%20Motivational%20Video.FLVhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Parable%20of%20the%20Sower-Seed.mov.FLVhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Parable%20of%20the%20Sower-Seed.mov.FLVhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Parable%20of%20the%20Sower-Seed.mov.FLVhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Parable%20of%20the%20Talents.FLVhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Parable%20of%20the%20Talents.FLVhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Parable%20of%20Lost%20Coin.mp4.FLVhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Parable%20of%20Lost%20Coin.mp4.FLVhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Parable%20of%20Lost%20Coin.mp4.FLV

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LEGENDS

A legend is usually based on a true event in the past.

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THEME

Legends employ many of the typical themes of traditionalstories:

good and evil

friend and foe

magic

the supernatural

rich and poor/rags to riches/riches to ragswise and foolish

strong and weak

just and unjust

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PLOT AND CHARACTER Legends are about people and their actions or deeds.

The people lived in more recent times and arementioned in history.

Include mythical beings and supernatural events, theirnarrative spine is more closely connected to the realworld of human history.

Focuses on an individual character, a cultural hero or a

person respected and remembered .For example:Jason, King Arthur, Robin Hood, William Tell, Roland.

And also legends about places .For Example:

Atlantis, Shangri-La

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STRUCTURE AND STYLE Structure is usually episodic, as in the phases of a journey

over several years or the stages of a great battle.

Some legends tell the entire life story of their hero as aseries of linked episodes, as in the King Arthur stories.

Common structures include:

chronological episodes;

journey stories;sequential stories;

life stories and community histories.

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Use a more literary style than fairy tales or fables.

For example:

rich, evocative vocabulary

memorable language use

use of rhythm and repetition techniques

formulaic openings and endings

imagery: simile, metaphor and symbolism.

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MORAL VALUES Convey meaning about the way we live our

lives that make them relevant and

interesting across cultures and time

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EXAMPLE The character and deeds of Robin Hood

may have been based on someone else.

Robin of Loxley lived in Nottinghamshirearound the time of the story, and he didhelp the poor. But did he live in Nottinghamforest with a band of robbers? Probably not,

but helping other people is important andthe legend hasnt been forgotten.

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http://www.ehow.com/list_7149817_characteristics-parable.html

http://www.teachfind.com/national-strategies/legends-more-specific-features

http://www.planetozkids.com/oban/what-are-legends.htm

http://www.teachfind.com/national-strategies/legends-more-specific-featureshttp://www.teachfind.com/national-strategies/legends-more-specific-featureshttp://www.teachfind.com/national-strategies/legends-more-specific-featureshttp://www.teachfind.com/national-strategies/legends-more-specific-featureshttp://www.teachfind.com/national-strategies/legends-more-specific-featureshttp://www.teachfind.com/national-strategies/legends-more-specific-featureshttp://www.teachfind.com/national-strategies/legends-more-specific-featureshttp://www.teachfind.com/national-strategies/legends-more-specific-featureshttp://www.teachfind.com/national-strategies/legends-more-specific-featureshttp://www.teachfind.com/national-strategies/legends-more-specific-featureshttp://www.teachfind.com/national-strategies/legends-more-specific-featureshttp://www.teachfind.com/national-strategies/legends-more-specific-featureshttp://www.teachfind.com/national-strategies/legends-more-specific-features

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Examples of Legends

El Dorado

Atlantis

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Excerpts of the stories/ short clips the origins of El Dorado lie deep in South America. And

l ike al l enduring legends , the tale of El Dorado con tains

som e scraps of truth. When Spanish explorers reached

South America in the early 16th century, they heard s tor ies

about a tr ibe of nat ives high in the Andes moun tains in w hat

is now Colombia. When a new chieftain ro se to power, his

rule began w ith a ceremony at Lake Guatavita. Ac counts of

the ceremony vary, bu t they consistent ly say the new ru ler

was cov ered w ith gold d ust , and that gold and precious

jewels were th rown in to the lake to appease a god that l ived

underwater.The Spaniards s tarted cal l ing this g olden chiefEl Dorado, "the gilded one.

http ://science.nationalgeog raphic.com /science/archaeo

logy/el-dorado/

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From the movie The Road to El Dorado

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Plato told the story of Atlantis around 360 B.C. The

founders of Atlantis, he said, were half god and half

human. They created a utopian civilization and becamea great naval power. Their home was made up of

concentric islands separated by wide moats and linked

by a canal that penetrated to the centre. The lush

islands contained gold, silver, and other precious metals

and supported an abundance of rare, exotic wildlife.

There was a great capital city on the central island

http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/archaeology

/atlantis/

Excerpt from Timaeus by Plato

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Excerpt from Timaeus by Plato

For it is related in our records how once upon a time your Statestayed the course of a mighty host, which,

, was insolently advancing to attack thewhole of Europe, and Asia to boot. For the ocean there was at thattime navigable;

and it was possible for thetravelers of that time to cross from it to the other islands, and fromthe islands to the whole of the continent over against them which

. For all that we have here, lyingwithin the mouth of which we speak, is evidently a haven having anarrow entrance; but that yonder is a real ocean, and the landsurrounding it may most rightly be called, in the fullest and truestsense, a continent.

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From the movie tlantis: The Lost Empire