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Water Geothermometer Application for GeothermalDevelopment Prospect Analysis around Bandung Basin

Cipto Purnandi 2 *, Ir an Is!andar ", and #udarto $otosis oyo "

"%ecturer at &ining 'ngineering Department, Institut (e!nologi Bandung2#tudent of Ground ater 'ngineering &agister Program, Institut (e!nologi Bandung

ABSTRACT Geothermal is a kind of non-fossil energy that can be used as

alternative energy, it is relatively safe to environment because it doesnot produce emission to atmosphere. Geothermal energy considered as renewable because it is related to hydrological cycle. Geothermal explorations for new energy source are needed for developing new

power plants.One method for geothermal exploration is by using chemical

geothermometer. This method is done by analyzing chemical content of hot springs such as !a, ", #a, and $i using certain formulas. Theoutput of geothermometer analysis is to estimated temperature of reservoir. %fter knowing the temperature, we can make classification

of geothermal system based on reservoir temperature.This research will focus on &andung &asin, which is famous of its

geothermal potency. &andung &asin is surrounded by 'uartenaryvolcanic ridge. (n this condition, hot springs are found in many

places. )* hot spring samples are taken in order to estimate itsreservoir temperature. The output of this research is expected to aid the development of geothermal energy around &andung &asin. +romthis research concludes that &andung &asin is potential for developing new geothermal power plant.

Keywords: geothermal, hydrochemistry, geothermometer

I) I $( +D C(I+$

A$D $G Basin is surrounded -y .uartenaryvolcanic idge) (his location has many hot springs

-ecause of geothermal system -elo ground surface)(o !no a-out its potential, geothermal e/ploration needs to

-e done) In this research, method for geothermal e/ploration is -y calculating geothermometer using data of hot springs0chemical content)B

1 IG ' "#A&P%I$G %+CA(I+$ A$D G '+%+GICA% & AP +1 '#'A C A 'A

II) D A(AData for this research is ta!en from "3 hot spring samples

around Bandung Basin, 4 samples from northern ridge and 5samples from southern ridge 61igure "7) (hese samples asanaly8ed on la-oratory to determine its chemical contents 6$a,9, Ca, and %i7, presented on (a-le ")

( AB%' "%I#( +1 # A&P%'#

Location SampleCode

Na(ppm)

K (ppm

)

Ca(ppm)

Li(ppm

)9amo:ang #;3";9&< =)>5 ")?> "@)43 3)3=

Ci alini #;32;WA% 5=)=3 23)23 >4)?3 3)3@

&ari-aya #;3>;&B ""3)33 2=)33 ">4)3

3 3)"2

Domas #;34;D&# 2=)>3 "4)43 44)@3 3)32%em-ang Asri #;3=;%BA =@)@3 >@)"3 =)54 3)3=<alan aya #u-ang #;35;< # >>)=3 " )33 >)>> 3)3=(irta Bidadari #;3?;(BI =5)?3 25)43 3)53 3)3"&BA #;3 ;&BA 4)32 2)"= 2")>3 3)33

usa #;3@; #A ?>) 3 22)>3 43)53 3)35Ci-olang #;"3;CB% 53)53 24)33 53)=3 3)35

III) & '( +D+%+G

(o estimate the temperature of reservoir, some formula ill



-e used

Na-K Geothermometer

t O

C = 1217

1.438 +log ( Na

K )− 273.15

E"F 6"7

t O

C = 1390

1.75 +log ( Na K )

− 273.15E2F

627

t O

C = 856

0.857 +log ( Na

K )− 273.15

E>F 6>7

Na-K-Ca Geothermometer

t O C = 1647

log( Na K )+ β log(√ Ca

Na )+2.24

− 273.15E4F 647

Na-Li Geothermometert

OC = 1590

0.779 +log ( Na

Li)− 273.15

E=F 6=7

t O

C = 1267

0.07 +log ( Na

K )− 273.15

E5F 657

t O C = 1195

0.13 +log ( Na K

)− 273.15

E?F 6?7

I ) '# %(# A$D D I#C ##I+$

Based on these formulas the data from (a-le " ill -ecalculated to estimate the temperature of reservoir 6(a-le 27)(he result ill -e presented -y using graph and classified into> classes %o (emperature 6 "=3 + C7, &edium (emperature6"=3;233 + C7, and igh (emperature 6H233 + C7E F)



( AB%' 2G '+( ' &+&'(' CA%C %A(I+$ '# %(

MethodEstimated Reservoir Temperature ( OC)

S-!"-KM#

S-!$-%&L

S-!'-M

S-!*-+MS

S-!,-L &

S-! -#RS

S-!.-T /

S-!0-M &

S-!1-RS&

S-"!-C L

$a;9 61ournier, "@?@7 2= )5" ?) ? 5?)@" "2?)53 ")2 "">)22 @)>" 2?>)3" 2)52 )4? $a;9 6(ruesdell, "@?57 >5") " >=2)5> 2@?)>4 =3>)?@ =4 )"= 4 5)=4 445) 3 4 =)"@ >4 )53 435)5" $a;9 6Giggen-ach et al), "@ 7 25")>> "34)25 =)3? "4")@> @?)@= "2 )>? "3=)54 2?4)3> @@)2> "34) 4 $a;9;Ca 61ournier and Potter, "@? 7 >>5)24 4"2)4? >?3) 4 42=)5 4=?)>@ 4"4)>5 44")>> >??)3@ 4"")5> 42@)"

$a;%i 69hara!a et al), "@ 27 2@2) = "5>)4> "=") = ">5)=> ">@)34 "5?) @ >) ""5)>= ">>) 4 "4@)4 $a;%i 6 erma and #antoya, "@@?7 >>3)"> "= ) 4 "44)?3 "25)2? "2@)2? "54)>4 5=)22 "32)45 "2>)3? "4") > $a;%i 61ouillac et al), "@ "7 2 3)34 "25)"2 "">)>3 @5)= @@)>3 ">")"3 43)@5 ?4)@2 @>)5? ""3)?"Average >3>)33 233) 3 "?=) 5 222)52 22")?? 22@)4" " ") 24>)2@ " 4)5? 234)4=

1 IG ' 2G '+( ' &+&'(' CA%C %A(I+$ 'P '#'$(A(I+$ A# G AP

Based on 1igure 2, the average estimated temperature of reservoir around Bandung Basin can -e classified as &ediumto igh (emperature, -ut mostly igh (emperature) Based onGeological &ap 61igure "7, all of the samples are located on

uartenary volcanic formation) It is highly possi-le that thereare geothermal sources -eneath the surface of thoseformations) 1urthermore, some volcanoes are still activearound this area) Based on these analysis, Bandung Basin areacan -e classified as potential geothermal energy source)

) C +$C% #I+$

Area around Bandung Basin has potential of geothermalsources) 1urther e/plorations need to -e done to ensure its

prospects for ne po er plant development)

I) '1' '$C'#

E"F o-ert +) 1ournier) "@?@) Geochemical And ydrologic ConsiderationsAnd (he se +f 'nthalpy;Chloride Diagrams In (he Prediction +f

nderground Conditions In ot;#pring #ystems) <ournal of olcanologyand Geothermal esearch)

E2F Werner 1) Giggen-ach) "@ ) Geothermal #olute ' uili-ria, Derivation+f $a;9;&g;Ca Geoindicators) Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta)=26"27 2?4@J2?5=

E>F (ruesdell, A) ), "@?5 #ummary of section III J geochemical techni uesin e/ploration) Proceedings of the 2nd )$) #ymposium on theDevelopment and se of Geothermal esources, #an 1rancisco, ",liiil//i/

E4F 1ournier, )+), and Potter, )W)II, "@ 2) A revised and e/panded silica6 uart87 geothermometer) Geoth) es) Council, Bull), "";"3, >;"2

E=F 9hara!a, )9), %ico, &)#) and %a/, %)&))"@ 2) Chemicalgeothermometers applied to formation aters, Gulf of &e/ico andCalifornia -asins) Am) Assoc) Petrol) Geol) Bull), 55, =

E5F erma, #)P), #antoyo ')) "@@?) $e improved e uations for $aK9, $aK%iand #i+2 geothermometers -y outlier detection and re:ection <ournal of

olcanology and Geothermal esearch, ?@6";27, @;24E?F 1ouillac, C), and &ichard, G)) "@ ") #odiumK%ithium ratio in ater

applied to geothermometry of geothermal reservoirs) Geothermics, "3,==;?3

E F #aemundsson, 9rist:Ln) 233@) Geothermal #ystem in Glo-al Perspective)#hort Course I on '/ploration for Geothermal esource

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