paper edge technology

By FaaDoOEngineers.com


CONTENTS

Mobile evolution

Edge technology

GPRS

EDGE system performance

Channel coding and frame structure

Applications

Conclusion


INTRODUCTION

In just a few years the Internet has transformed the way we access information,

communication and entertainment services at home and at work. Broadband

connections have made the Internet experience richer for millions of people and in the

coming years, millions more will turn to wireless technology to deliver their broadband

experience. This paper aims to cut through the confusion and hype surrounding the

relative merits of various wireless broadband technologies and get to the real issues that

will influence the mass-market success of mobile broadband and its ability to deliver

broadband for all and everywhere.

while there are a host of technologies competing to deliver commercial mobile

broadband services the most recent being Mobile WiMAX 3G networks based on

well established WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) and HSPA(High

Speed Packet Access) technologies offer the best way forward in terms ofglobal

acceptance, economies of scale and spectrum efficiency.

HSPA is the undisputed leader in mobile broadband services, as it provides: an

ecosystem of unrivalled breadth and depth, covering both traditional mobile terminals

and personal consumer devices such as notebooks, ultra mobile PCs, cameras, portable

game consoles and music players

unmatched economies of scale that benefit all players in the ecosystem, which are

uniquely available to a technology that is part of the 3GPP family ofstandards, currently

serving over two billion subscribers ever-improving performance, with commercially-

proven transmission bit-rates of up to 14Mbps today and up to 42Mbps in the near future

highly economic urban and rural coverage, with up to 200km cell range and measured


speeds in excess of 2Mbps at the cell border a clearly defined and easily adopted

evolution path.

Mobile WiMAX does not offer any technology advantage over HSPA.

HSPA low cost embedded modules are already available and with over 100 commercial

networks in operation, HSPA is the clear and undisputed choice for mobile broadband

services.

Enhanced data for global evolution(EDGE) is a high speed mobile data

standard,intended to enable second generation global system for mobile

communication (GSM) and time division multiple access(TDMA).

Transmits data at up to 384 kilobits per second(Kbps)

Today, the Internet is a true global marketplace, where people can find the products and services

they desire. It is also a global town square, where people can meet,chat and blog. It is a global

library and information repository that is unprecedented inthe history of mankind. The Internet is our

doctor, lawyer, banker, government official providing us with a direct channel to government

authorities, health services and local communities. It is becoming the entertainment channel of

choice; offering us anunparalleled selection of music, TV, video and news at our fingertips.

The Internet will continue to develop as the place for information, communication,interaction and

media consumption.

However, to enjoy the complete benefits of the Internet, people need a broadband connection. As a

consequence, Internet broadband connectivity has become one of the most widespread

communications developments ever and the growth in demand for high-speed Internet connections

is set to continue. Today there are over 250 million broadband users: by 2012 this figure is forecast

to grow to over 1.8 billion. Most people today experience broadband via a PC connected over a fixed

line (usually DSL or cable). However, for many of the broadband users expected to get

online over the next few years, a fixed line is simply not an option and wireless networks will be their

primary broadband access method (as shown in Figure 1).


In 1st G AMPS(Advanced Mobile system) developed in U.S in 1983

In 2nd G there was introduction of CDMA,TDMA and GSM

Between 2nd and 2.5th G of GPRS

Between 2.5th and 3rd G there was an introduction EDGE TECHNOLOGY

THE STAGES OF EDGE


Network architecture

The IEEE 802.16 standardization only covers basic connectivity up to Media AccessControl

(MAC) layer; the WiMAX Forum also addresses network architecture issues for WiMAX networks.

Figure 6: Overview of WiMAX Forum Network Reference Architecture. The first WiMAX Forum

network reference architecture specification (release 1.0) is focused on delivering a wireless Internet

service, with mobility, as the first step (Figure 6). Release 1.5 will add support for telecom-grade

mobile services, supporting full IMS interworking, carrier-grade VoIP, broadcast applications like

mobile TV and over-the-air provisioning.

In comparison 3GPP handles GSM and WCDMA standardization for a complete mobile

system, including terminal aspects, radio access networks, core networks, and parts of the service

network. 3GPP networks already support IMS-based services, carrier-grade voice, regulatory

requirements like E911 and lawful intercept, broadcast applications like mobile TV and over-the-air

provisioning for user terminals.

The overall complexity of the different network architectures is very similar which is not

surprising as the goal is to deliver the same functionality (as can be seen in Figure 7).


Mobile evolution

1st generation mobile communication

2nd generation mobile communication

2.5th generation mobile communication

3rd generation mobile communication

3G and above

EDGE Technology

Evolutionary path to 3G services for GSM and TDMA operators

Builds on General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) air interface and

networks

Phase 1 (Release99 & 2002 deployment) supports best effort packet data

at speeds up to about 384 kbps

Phase 2 (Release2000 & 2003 deployment) will add Voice over IP

capability

Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution


Coverage HSPA is a Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) technology, in which the uplink and

downlink are in separate frequency channels (usually denoted as 2x5MHz). Mobile

WiMAX is a Time Division Duplex (TDD) technology, in which there is just one

frequency channel that is shared between the uplink and the downlink. The ratio

between the uplink and the downlink defines how they share the frequency channel

in time. A 1:1 ratio indicates time split 50/50 between the uplink and the downlink as

outlined

3GPP evolution

HSPA is at least four years ahead of other mobile broadband technologies. It

supports the delivery of mobile broadband and fixed wireless broadband services in any of

the mobile spectrum bands (850MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz, 1900MHz, 2.1GHz and 2.6GHz)

and during 2007 it is expected that at least five of these bands will carry commercial traffic.

However, HSPA is only one step in the evolution of mobile broadband. Delivering peak

rates of 14Mbps in the downlink and 5.8Mbps in the uplink today, its evolution adds support

for MIMO and 64QAM that will deliver 42Mbps in the downlink and 11.5Mbps in the uplink.

In parallel, LTE will deliver further enhancements in peak


rates (exceeding 100Mbps), in addition to scalable channel bandwidths using

OFDMA with both TDD and FDD operation. LTE and HSPA-evolved offer maximum

spectrum flexibility while delivering true high-speed, high-quality 4G performance.

Technology

EDGE/EGPRS is implemented as a bolt-on enhancement for 2G and 2.5G GSM and

GPRS networks, making it easier for existing GSM carriers to upgrade to it. EDGE/EGPRS

is a superset to GPRS and can function on any network with GPRS deployed on it, provided

the carrier implements the necessary upgrade.

Although EDGE requires no hardware or software changes to be made in GSM core

networks, base stations must be modified. EDGE compatible transceiver units must be

installed and the base station subsystem needs to be upgraded to support EDGE. New

mobile terminal hardware and software is also required to decode/encode the new

modulation and coding schemes and carry the higher user data rates to implement new

services.

Transmission techniques

In addition to Gaussian minimum-shift keying (GMSK), EDGE uses higher-order

PSK/8 phase shift keying (8PSK) for the upper five of its nine modulation and coding

schemes. EDGE produces a 3-bit word for every change in carrier phase. This effectively

triples the gross data rate offered by GSM. EDGE, like GPRS, uses a rate adaptation


algorithm that adapts the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) according to the quality of

the radio channel, and thus the bit rate and robustness of data transmission. It introduces a

new technology not found in GPRS, Incremental Redundancy, which, instead of

retransmitting disturbed packets, sends more redundancy information to be combined in the

receiver. This increases the probability of correct decoding.

EDGE can carry data speeds up to 236.8 kbit/s for 4 timeslots (theoretical maximum

is 473.6 kbit/s for 8 timeslots) in packet mode and will therefore meet the International

Telecommunications Union's requirement for a 3G network, and has been accepted by the

ITU as part of the IMT-2000 family of 3G standards. It also enhances the circuit data mode

called HSCSD, increasing the data rate of this service.

Classification

Whether EDGE is 2G or 3G depends on implementation. While Class 3 and below

EDGE devices clearly are not 3G, class 4 and above devices perform at a higher bandwidth

than other technologies conventionally considered as 2G as 1xRTT). Because of the

variability, EDGE is generally classified as 2.75G network technology.

GPRS

General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a packet oriented Mobile Data Service

available to users of Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and IS-136 mobile

phones. It provides data rates from 56 up to 114 kbps.

GPRS can be used for services such as Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)

access, Short Message Service (SMS), Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), and for

Internet communication services such as email and World Wide Web access. GPRS data

transfer is typically charged per megabyte of throughput, while data communication via

traditional circuit switching is billed per minute of connection time, independent of whether

the user actually is utilizing the capacity or is in an idle state. GPRS is a best-effort packet


switched service, as opposed to circuit switching, where a certain Quality of Service (QoS)

is guaranteed during the connection for non-mobile users.

2G cellular systems combined with GPRS is often described as "2.5G", that is, a

technology between the second (2G) and third (3G) generations of mobile telephony. It

provides moderate speed data transfer, by using unused Time division multiple access

(TDMA) channels in, for example, the GSM system. Originally there was some thought to

extend GPRS to cover other standards, but instead those networks are being converted to

use the GSM standard, so that GSM is the only kind of network where GPRS is in use.

GPRS is integrated into GSM Release 97 and newer releases. It was originally standardized

by European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), but now by the 3rd

Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

EDGE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE

Multiprotocol support

Today the 2G base station backhaul networks use TDM while the 3G networks are

based on the combination of TDM and packettechnology. As Ethernet transport becomes

more widely available with the promise of cost savings, operators need a solution for

merging the existing networks into Ethernet. The Tellabs 8600 system provides a solution

that helps the operator to migrate the existing networks to packet technology cost-

effectively. The Tellabs 8600 system has all of the common TDM (PDH, SDH, SONET)

interfaces as well as Ethernet interfaces. TDM, ATM, Frame Relay and HDLC are forwarded

using MPLS pseudowires, which can be carried over Ethernet, SDH or SONET network.

This provides flexibility for choosing the optimal network technology for transport.


Moving from TDM to packet

Packet networks provide an optimal solution for bursty dataservices. Packet switches

save aggregate bandwidth by means of statistical multiplexing. This is based on an

assumption that the average bandwidth of a connection is much less than the peak rate.

The averaging of the bandwidth increases the queuing delay, especially if the bursts arrive

at the same time from several sources. This is, however, usually accepted for data services.

Voice and other TDM services require constant bandwidth and minimal delay and jitter over

the network. This is achieved by assigning these services the highest priority. The Tellabs

8600 packet scheduling supports both the real-time and data services in the same network.

Delay-critical services will be assigned highest priority to guarantee the best performance.

At the same time, data services can utilize statistical multiplexing witha high overbooking

factor, which saves transmission bandwidth in

THE GSM EDGE SYSTEM

In the GSM EDGE system the transmitted data sequence is 8PSK modulated and

passed through a Gaussian pulse shaping filter to adjust the signal to the GSM systems

bandwidth. The pulse shaping filter causes Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) to the signal

ranging 5 symbol periods To compensate for the ISI, an efficient channel equalizer is

needed in the GSM EDGE system. However, the optimal equalization with

maximumlikelihoodsequence estimation (MLSE) is computationally too complex, due to the

high level modulation and the mobile radio channel conditions. The performance of


suboptimum equalizers are studied], where promising results are found in the class of

reduced-state trellis-based equalizers: Delayed Decision-Feedback Sequence Estimation

(DDFSE) and Reduced-State Sequence Estimation (RSSE), a generalization of DDFS.

create a minimum-phase overall impulse response, should be used to trade performance for

complexity. Another promising method for equalization, with low computational requirement

and near optimal performance, is to use iterative optimization for the equalization process

Channel coding is used in 8PSK EDGE to achieve satisfactory bit error rate (BER)

performance For NFSK/LPSK the channel coding schemes will require modifications of the

8PSK EDGE schemes and possibly creation of new ones.

IMPROVING THE GSM EDGE SYSTEM

By replacing the 8PSK modulation with a combined2FSK/8PSK modulation scheme,

the improved EDGE system can transmit 4 bits/symbol (compared to 3 bits/symbolof 8PSK)

in the same bandwidth as the original EDGE system with similar BER performance. The

2FSK/8PSK modulation can easily be changed to other NFSK/LPSK schemes to trade

between performance and speed (e.g. 2FSK/4PSK or 2FSK/16PSK). The combined

2FSK/8PSK modulation scheme requires the receiver to work at 2 samples per symbol to

detect the information in the FSK and PSK parts. When the 2FSK/8PSK modulation method

is implemented in the EDGE system, the use of suboptimum equalization with prefiltering is

required. For the 2FSK/8PSK, we have used a RSSE8 equalizer, where no set partitioning

is used, and modified it to handle signal sets of the 2FSK/8PSK modulation. For obtaining a

minimum-phase overall impulse response we suggest the use of a MMSE-DFE feedforward

filter. By using the EDGE transmit filter, the 2FSK/8PSK signal will suffer from severe ISI

and, in practice, some symbol sequences cannot be distinguished from one another. This

could be compensated by using a different transmit filter or by a suitable channel coding

scheme. The newtransmit filter should be designed so that the ISI caused by the filter would


be eased, compared to the present EDGE transmit filter, without breaking the spectral

requirements of the standard , when used with the 2FSK/8PSK modulation. On the other

hand, similar channel coding schemes,as those used in the current GSM EDGE, should be

designedfor 2FSK/8PSK EDGE to take into consideration theproperties of the combined

odulation scheme.

CONCLUSION

In this paper we propose a power and spectral efficientNFSK/LPSK

modulation scheme to be used in EDGE for improved terrestrial mode and satellite

communications. The preliminary simulation results verify the feasibility of the NFSK/LPSK

modulation as an efficient modulation method to be used in the EDGE system. We showed

that by changing the 8PSK modulation in EDGE to 2FSK/8PSK, in the AWGN channel the

data transmission speed can be increased without loss of performance. In the case of

FSK/8PSK the one extra bit can be used to increase the data transmission speed or lower

the transmitter power, by using the extra bit for improving channel coding.The main focus of


our future work is on designing a new Gaussian transmit filter and suitable coding schemes

for NFSK/LPSK EDGE to combat ISI so that spectral and power efficiency of the existing

EDGE can be improved.

CHANNEL CODING AND FRAME STRUCTURE


Although EDGE is a highly sophisticated radio technology, it uses the same radio

channels and timeslots as any GSM and GPRS system, so it does not require additional

spectral resources except to accommodate loading. By deploying EDGE, operators can

use their existing spectrum more efficiently. Most new GSM networks deployed today

include EDGE. For many GSM/GPRS networks in areas such as the Americas, EDGE was

mostly a software upgrade to the Base Transceiving Station (BTS) and the BSCs, as the

transceivers in these networks are already EDGE capable. Some carriers have reported

the cost of upgrading to EDGE from GSM/GPRS to be as low as $1 to $2 per POP26. The

same packet infrastructure supports both GPRS and EDGE. An increasing number of

GPRS terminals support EDGE, thus making EDGE available to more subscribers.


Many operators that originally planned to use only UMTS for next-generation data

services have deployed or are now deploying EDGE as a complementary 3G technology.

There are multiple reasons for this, including:

1. EDGE provides a high-capability data service in advance of UMTS.

2. EDGE provides average data capabilities for the sweet spot of approximately

100 kbps, enabling many communications-oriented applications.

3. EDGE has proven itself in the field as a cost-effective solution and is now a

mature technology.

4. EDGE is very efficient spectrally, allowing operators to support more voice and

data users with existing spectrum.

5. Operators can maintain their EDGE networks as a complementary service

offering, even as they deploy UMTS/HSPA.

6. EDGE provides a cost-effective wide-area data service that offers continuity and

that is complementary with a UMTS/HSDPA network deployed in high traffic

areas.

It is important to note that EDGE technology is continuing to improve. For example,

Release 4 significantly reduced EDGE latency (network round-trip time)from the

typical 500 to 600 msec to about 300 msec. Release 7 will also include significant new

features for EDGE.

Devices themselves are increasing in capability. Dual Transfer Mode (DTM) devices,

already available from vendors, will allow simultaneous voice and data communications

with both GPRS and EDGE devices. For example, during a voice call users will be able to

retrieve e-mail, do multimedia messaging, browse the Web, and do Internet

conferencing. This is particularly useful when connecting phones to laptops via cable or

Bluetooth and using them as modems.


DTM is a 3GPP-specified technology that enables new applications like video sharing while

providing a consistent service experience (service continuity) with UMTS. Typically, a DTM

end-to-end solution requires only a software upgrade to the GSM/EDGE radio network.

EDGE Evolution

Recognizing the value of the huge installed base of GSM networks, 3GPP is

currently working to improve EDGE capabilities for Release 7. This work is part of the

GERAN Evolution effort, which also includes voice enhancements not discussed in this

paper. Although EDGE today already serves many applications, such as wireless e-mail,

extremely well, it makes good sense to continue to evolve EDGE capabilities. From an

economic standpoint, it is less costly than upgrading to UMTS because most enhancements

are designed to be software based, and highly asset efficient because it involves less long-

tem capital investments to upgrade an existing system. With 82 percent of the world market

using GSM, which is already equipped for simple roaming and billing, it is easy to offer

global service to subscribers. Evolved EDGE offers higher data rates and system capacity;

cable modem speeds are realistically achievable. Evolved EDGE mobiles will be much less

expensive and offer greater talk and standby times than UMTS mobiles. UMTS mobile

stations also incorporate GSM capability, and two radios are more expensive and consume

more power than one radio.

Evolved EDGE also provides better service continuity between EDGE and HSPA,

meaning that a user will not have a hugely different experience when moving between

environments. Although GSM and EDGE are already highly optimized technologies,

advances in radio techniques enable further efficiencies. Some of the objectives of Evolved


EDGE include:

A 100-percent increase in peak data rates. A 50-percent increase in spectral efficiency and

capacity in C/I-limited scenarios. A sensitivity increase in the downlink of 3 dB for voice and

data Reduction of latency for initial access and round-trip time, enabling support for

conversational services such as VoIP and PoC Achieving compatibility with existing

frequency planning, thus facilitating deployment in existing networks Coexisting with legacy

mobile stations by allowing both old and new stations to share the same radio resources

Avoiding impacts on infrastructure by enabling improvements through a software upgrade

Applicability for DTM (simultaneous voice and data) and the A/Gb mode interface. The A/Gb

mode interface is part of the 2G core network, so this goal is required for full backward

compatibility with legacy GPRS/EDGE The methods being standardized in Release 7 to

achieve these objectives include: Adding 16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (16-QAM)

and a new set of modulation/coding schemes that will increase maximum throughput per

timeslot by 38 percent. Currently, EDGE uses 8-PSK modulation. Simulations indicate a

realizable 25 percent increase in user-achievable peak rates. Allowing reception on two

distinct radio channels to increase the number of simultaneous timeslots. A type 2-

enhanced EDGE device (which can simultaneously transmit and receive) will be able to

receive up to 16 timeslots in two radio channels as well as transmit on up to eight timeslots

in one radio channel. Mobile Broadband: EDGE, HSPA, LTE Page 21 Reducing the

Transmission Time Interval (TTI) to reduce overall latency. This will have a dramatic effect

on application throughput for many applications. Downlink diversity reception of the same

radio channel to increase the robustness in interference and improve the receiver

sensitivity. Sensitivity gains of 3 dB and a decrease in required C/I of up to 18 dB for a

single co-channel interferer are shown in simulations. Significant increases in system

capacity can be achieved, as explained below. Dual-Carrier Receiver A key part of the


evolution of EDGE is the utilization of more than one radio frequency carrier. This

overcomes the inherent limitation of the narrow channel bandwidth of GSM. Using two

radio-frequency carriers requires two receiver chains in the downlink, as shown in the

following figure. Using two carriers enables the reception of twice as many radio blocks

simultaneously or, alternatively, the original number of radio blocks can be divided between

the two carriers, thus reducing the transmission time by half, and avoiding the potential

need for simultaneous transmission and reception. Channel capacity with dual-carrier

reception improves greatly, not by increasing basic efficiencies of the air-interface but

because of statistical improvement in the ability to assign radio resources, which increases

trunking efficiency. As network loading increases, it is statistically unlikely that contiguous

timeslots will be available. With todays EDGE devices, it is not possible to change radio

frequencies when going from one timeslot to the next. However, with an Evolved EDGE

dual receiver this becomes possible, thus enabling contiguous timeslots across different

radio channels. Figure 7 shows a dual-radio receiver approach optimizing the usage of

available


Higher Order Modulation Schemes

The addition of higher order modulation schemes enhances EDGE network capacity with little capital investment by extending the range of the existing wireless technology. More bits per symbol mean more data transmitted per unit time. This yields a fundamental technological improvement in information capacity and faster data rates. Use of higher order modulation exploits localized optimal coverage circumstances, thereby taking advantage of the geographical locations associated with probabilities of high C/I ratio and enabling very high data transfer rates whenever possible.

These enhancements are only now being considered because factors such as processing power and variability of interference and signal level made higher order modulations impractical for mobile wireless systems just a few years ago. However, newer techniques for demodulation, such as advanced receivers and receive diversity, help enable their use. Realization of 16-QAM is planned for Release 7. Advanced equalizer research has shown that 32 and 64-QAM are also possible, and this is currently being studied for future releases. Table 3 shows the theoretical peak throughput for four slots and considers only fundamental improvements, shown in the new Evolved EDGE Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) 10 and MCS 11.


EDGE Deployment and Migration GSM operators first enhanced their networks to support data capability through the addition of GPRS infrastructure, with the ability to use existing cell sites, transceivers, and interconnection facilities. Operators more recently deploying GSM installed GSM and GPRS simultaneously; these included AT&T Wireless (now part of Cingular), Cingular Wireless, Rogers Wireless, and Telecom Personal. Lately, operators have been upgrading their PRSnetworks to EDGE, with extremely good results.Operators are now deploying UMTS worldwide. Although UMTS involves a new radio-accessnetwork, several factors facilitate deployment. Firstly, most UMTS cell sites can be collocated in GSM cell sites enabled by multi-radio cabinets that can accommodate GSM/EDGE as well as UMTS equipment. secondly, much of the GSM/GPRS core network can be used. While the SGSN needs to be upgraded, the mobile switching center needs only a simple upgrade and the GGSN can stay the same. New features such as HSDPA, HSUPA, and MBMS (discussed earlier) are being designed so the same upgraded UMTS radio channel can support a mixture of terminals, including those based on 3GPP Release 99, Release 5, and Release 6. In other words, a network supporting Release 5 features (e.g., HSDPA) can support Release 99, Release 5, and Release 6 terminals (e.g., HSUPA) operating in a Release 5 mode. Alternatively, a network supporting Release 6 features can support Release 99, Release 5, and Release 6 terminals. This flexibility assures the maximum degree of forward and backward compatibility. Note also that most UMTS terminals today support GSM, facilitating use across large coverage areas and multiple networks.


Advantages

Downlink peak data rates up to 100 Mbps with 20 MHz bandwidth Uplink peak data rates up to 50 Mbps with 20 MHz bandwidth Operation in both TDD and FDD modes Scalable bandwidth up to 20 MHz, covering 1.25 MHz, 2.5 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, and 20 MHz in the study phase. 1.6 MHz wide channels are under consideration for the unpaired frequency band, where a TDD approach will be used Increase spectral efficiency over Release 6 HSPA by a factor of two to four Reduce latency to 10 msec round-trip time between user equipment and the base station and to less than 100 msec transition time from inactive to active


REFERENCES

V. M. Eyuboglu and S. U. Quereshi, Reduced-statesequence estimation with set partitioning and decisionfeedback, IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 13 20, January 1988. [12] , Reduced-state sequence estimation for codedmodulation on intersymbol interference channels,IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 989 995, August 1989. [13] J. C. Olivier, C. Xiao, and K. D. Mann, An efficientequalizer for 8-PSK EDGE cellular radio systems, in Proc. IEEE VTS 53rd Vehicular Technology ConferenceSpring VTC01, 2001, pp. 1668 1672. [14] J. C. Olivier, S.-Y. Leong, C. Xiao, and K. D. Mann,Efficient equalization and symbol detection for 8- PSK EDGE cellular system, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 525 529, May 2003. [15] Channel coding (GSM 05.03), European Telecommunications Standard Industry (ETSI) Std. ETSI EN 300

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