RURAL SOCIOLOGY Sociological analysis of the functioning of Panchayats in India, post 73rd

constitutional amendment

Presented by :-

Madhav

Jay Makwana

Jenis Chauhan

Introduction

• The first organised report made by Govt. India through CDP 1952 and NES in 1953. On the completion of first five year of CDP the planning commission appointed a high ranking study committee added by MR. Balavant Ray Mehta chief minister of Gujarat.

• The committee decided to local self Govt. System ordinarily three level bodies from village level to block level then to district level

• This democratic decentralised system was named as Panchayati raj.

• In 1957 Madras tried Panchayati raj as a pilot project.• In 1958 Andhra Pradesh has 20 such pilot project.

Panchayat Samiti

Functions- Implement schemes for the development of agriculture. Establishment of primary health centers and primary

schools. Supply of drinking water, drainage, construction/repair

of roads. Development of cottage and small-scale industries and

opening of cooperative societies. Establishment of youth organizations.

Source of Income The main sources of income of the panchayat samiti are

grants-in-aid and loans from the State Govt.

Term related with Panchayati Raj

• Panch- A group of elders who settle disputes within the limit of cast and custom

• Panchayat-An assembly of elected person of the village bodies where the line of contact with higher authorities on matters affecting to the village.

• Democracy-Democ means the people and cracy means rule of. It is leading of the people by the people and for the people.

• Decentralisation-Evolution of centre authority among local unit close to the area served.

• Democratic decentralisation- Means where authority develops by the process if people institution and act as local self Govt.

Objective

• Assistance to the economically weaker sections of the community.

• Cohesion and cooperative self help in the community.• Development of cooperative institution.• Development of local resources including the utilisation of

man power.• Production in agriculture as the highest priority in planning.• Progressive disposal of authority and insensitive both

vertically and horizontally with special emphasis on the role of voluntary organizations (NGOs).

• Promotion of rural industries.• Develop understanding and harmony among social structure.

73rd amendment

• On 24th April 1993 the constitution act 1992(73rd amendment) came into force to provide constitutional status with the Panchayati raj institution.

Updated design of Panchayat Raj System

• Constitution sanction for the creation of third tier of government

• Establishment of a three-tier system structure at the village, block and district level.

• Reservation of 33 per cent of seat at all level in the Panchayati bodies for women as also SC/ST in proportion of their population

• Setting up election commission to hold election regularly with an interval of five year(unless it is dissolved)

• Organising a planning committee at the distinct level for micro level planning and reviving the gram sabha to culture the people in the democratic process.

Resources and Panchayat planning

• Resource identification and a appraisal

1. Land

2. Irrigation

3. Cropping pattern

4. Human resource

5. Live stock

Gandhiji’s vision

• Mahatma Gandhi was very much aware of the implications and impact of industrial development model. That reason he rightly visualised and stressed the need for decentralisation social, economic and political order for welfare of mankind. Gandhi wanted each village consisting of about 1000 population should be governed by representative of its inhabitancy and enjoy the power of republic , barring of course, those power which are beyond the realm of small village community.

Gram Kachaharri in Bihar

• First gram kachahari established in Mansi and Gogri block of Khagariya District in Bihar 2009.

• Monitoring bodied where elected sarpanch and elected panch in the gram panchayat

• The official process of hearing in the gram kachahari .• The bench for hearing the petition is constituted of the following.

I. Sarpanch as the chair person

II. One panch nominated by the wodi (petitioner)

III. One panch nominated by the pratiwadi (accused)

IV. Two panchs nominated by the sarpanch

V. The Nyay Mitra and Nyay Sachiva ass facilitator

Types of case

• Partition suet • Assault • Animal cruelty • Land dispute • Other (mischief behaviour, public nonsense,

havoc creation, Gambling, etc )

SWOT analysis StrengthDedication Participation of community Self governance Interactive legal camp

WeaknessMonopoly of sarpanch Lack of training Shy nature of women panch & sarpanchIlliteracy

OpportunitiesSuccessful solution of case at local level Awareness creation Low cost justice

Threats Conflict with policeConflict among the members of GKIlliteracy members Gender biasness

Measures to avoid weaknesses

• Implementation of training process with heads of sarpanch (first type of training

camp should be organised )With panch ( second time of training camp )In-indentify villages

Pre independent period

• Traditional system of panchayat before independence known as cast panchayat. It is assembly of five persons known as panch (commonly said as panch parmeswar ).

Features

• Three tier system and state having over 20 lakh population • Every five year regularly election • Reserved seats for SC, ST and women.• State finance make recommendation as regard the

financial power of panchayat.• Constitution of district planning committee to prapre

development plan for district. • OBJECTIVE • Decentralisation of power • Development of villages

Implication of Panchayati Raj/Municipalities as theThird Tier of Governance on

India’s Federal Structure

UNION

STATE

PANCHAYATI RAJ MUNICIPALITY

3. Zilla Panchayat

2. Block/Taluk Panchayat

1. Village Panchayat

3. Municipal Corporation

2. Municipal Council

1. Nagar Panchayat

GRAMA SABHA (Village Assembly) WARD MEETINGS (for Municipal Areas

Autonomous Councils for Tribal Areas

Autonomous Councils are created in some States like West Bengal, Bihar, Jammu & Kashmir and Assam for administration and development of certain areas with special features. But they also have statutory local bodies

Four enemies

Politician Official Landlord and feudal element Contractor

District Rural Development Agency

o The Principal organ at District level, to develop District capabilities.

o specialized professional agency, capable of effective program design, and implementation of different anti-poverty programmes.

o Provide the linkage and support to the implementing systems.

o Provides synergies among different agencies and bring about a convergence approach

o Catalyst to development process. o Review the implementation process, ensure the

benefits earmarked to target group (e.g. SC/ST/Women/Disabled) reach them.

o Improve/propagate the awareness regarding rural development and poverty alleviation programes.

o Empowering rural masses in their ability to overcome poverty.

Conclusion

The innovation has empowered the village community

Widened the democratic base of rural India resulting in inclusive and integrated growth.

Resulted in amazing development – women empowerment and emergence of women as leaders.

Large numbers of women are shouldering responsibilities with grace and competence, bringing enormous courage, enthusiasm and creativity.

Empowerment with high degree of self confidence and self esteem coupled, with political awareness and service orientations.

Cross country rural market network- “Rural Business Hubs”. Fusion of rural produce with corporate expertise.

Instrumental in planning and executing N.A.R.E.G.A act ensuring 100 day wage employment in every financial year.

Instrumental in implementing rural development schemes/ programmes of Central/ State governments.

KIIT school of Rural Management

Bhubaneswar Odisha.