pakistanorganisation of islamic cooperation, saarc and cern. demographics population density...

1 ICSI – INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER FOR SERVICE INDUSTRY

PAKISTAN

A sovereign country in South Asia.

Capital: Islamabad

Dialing code: +92

Prime minister: Nawaz Sharif

President: Mamnoon Hussain

Currency: Pakistani rupee

Total Area: 796,095 sq km

Land: 770,875 sq km

Water: 25,220 sq km

Religion- Muslim

Population- 188.144.000

Male population (50.8%) - 95 783 668

Female population (49.2%) - 92 721 988

GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS

Pakistan is a democratic parliamentary federal republic with Islam as the state

religion. The first set was adopted in 1956 but suspended by Ayub Khan in 1958

who replaced it with second set in 1962. Complete and comprehensive

Constitution was adopted in 1973—suspended by Zia-ul-Haq in 1977 but

reinstated in 1985 is the country's most important document, laying the foundations

of the current government. The Pakistani military establishment has played an

influential role in mainstream politics throughout Pakistan's political history.

Presidents are brought in by military coups who imposed in martial law in 1958–

1971, 1977–1988, and 1999–2008. As of current, Pakistan has a multi-party

parliamentary system with clear division of powers and responsibilities between

branches of government. The first successful demonstrative transaction was held in

May 2013. Politics in Pakistan is centered and dominated by the homegrown


conceive social philosophy, consisting the ideas of socialism, conservatism, and

the third way. As of general elections held in 2013, the three main dominated

political parties in the country: the centre-right conservative Pakistan Muslim

League-N (PML-N); the centre-left socialist Pakistan People‘s Party (PPP); and the

centrist and third-way Pakistan Movement for Justice (PTI) led by cricketer Imran

Khan.

Head of State: The President who is elected by an Electoral College is the ceremonial head of

the state and is the civilian commander-in-chief of the Pakistan Armed Forces (with Chairman

Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee as its principal military adviser), but military appointments and

key confirmations in the armed forces are made by the Prime Minister after reviewing the reports

on their merit and performances. Almost all appointed officers in the judicature, military,

chairman joint chiefs and joint staff, and legislatures require the executive confirmation from the

Prime Minister, whom the President must consult, by law. However, the powers to pardon and

grant clemency vest with the President of Pakistan.

Legislative: The bicameral legislature comprises a 100-member Senate (upper house) and a 342-

member National Assembly (lower house). Members of the National Assembly are elected

through the first-past-the-post system under universal adult suffrage, representing electoral

districts known as National Assembly constituencies. According to the constitution, the 70 seats

reserved for women and religious minorities are allocated to the political parties according to

their proportional representation. Senate members are elected by provincial legislators, with all

of provinces have equal representation.

Executive: The Prime Minister is usually the leader of the majority rule party or a coalition in

the National Assembly— the lower house. The Prime Minister serves as the head of government

and is designated to exercise as the country's chief executive. The Prime Minister is responsible

for appointing a cabinet consisting of ministers and advisors as well as running the government

operations, taking and authorizing executive decisions, appointments and recommendations that

require executive confirmation of the Prime Minister.

Provincial Governments: Each of the four province has a similar system of government, with a

directly elected Provincial Assembly in which the leader of the largest party or coalition is

elected Chief Minister. Chief Ministers oversees the provincial governments and head the

provincial cabinet, it is common in Pakistan to have different ruling parties or coalitions in each

provinces. The provincial assemblies have power to make laws and approve provincial budget

which is commonly presented by the provincial finance minister every fiscal year. Provincial

governors who play role as the ceremonial head of province are appointed by the President.[100]

Judicature:The Judiciary of Pakistan is a hierarchical system with two classes of courts: the

superior (or higher) judiciary and the subordinate (or lower) judiciary. The Chief Justice of

Pakistan is the chief judge who oversees the judicature's court system at all levels of command.

The superior judiciary is composed of the Supreme Court of Pakistan, the Federal Shariat Court

and five High Courts, with the Supreme Court at the apex. The Constitution of Pakistan entrusts


the superior judiciary with the obligation to preserve, protect and defend the

constitution. Neither the Supreme Court nor a High Court may exercise jurisdiction

in relation to Tribal Areas, except otherwise provided for. The disputed regions of

Azad Kashmir and Gilgit–Baltistan have separate court systems.

MEMBERSHIP OF INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES

It is a member of the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations, the Next

Eleven Economies, ECO, UfC, D8, Cairns Group, Kyoto Protocol, ICCPR, RCD,

UNCHR, Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, Group of Eleven, CPFTA, Group

of 24, the G20 developing nations, ECOSOC, founding member of the

Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, SAARC and CERN.

DEMOGRAPHICS

Population density

Unofficial Pakistan Census estimates the

country's population at 188,144,040 (188.1

million) as of 2015, which is equivalent to

2.57% of the world population. Noted as the

sixth most populated country in the world, its

growth rate is reported at ~2.03%, which is

the highest of the SAARC nations and gives

an annual increase of 3.6 million. The

population is projected to reach 210.13

million by 2020 and to double by 2045.

Vast majority residing in southern skirts lives along the Indus River, with Karachi being its most

populous commercial city. In the eastern, western, and northern skirts, most of the population

lives in an arc formed by the cities of Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Gujranwala,

Sialkot, Gujrat, Jhelum, Sargodha, Sheikhupura, Nowshera, Mardan and Peshawar. During

1990–2008, the city dwellers made up 36% of Pakistan's population, making it the most

urbanised nation in South Asia. Furthermore, 50% of Pakistanis live in towns of 5,000 people or

more.The population is dominated by four main social groups: Punjabis, Pathans, Sindhis, and

Balochs. Rough accounts from 2009 indicate that the Punjabis dominates with 76.3 million

(~44.15%) while the Pashtu‘s are the second dominated group with ~29.3 million (15.42%). The

Sindhis are estimated at 24.8 million (14.1%) with Seraikis approximated at 14.8 million

(10.53%). The Urdu-speaking Muhajirs (the Indian emigrants) stands at ~13.3 million (7.57%)

while and Balochs are accounted at 6.3 million (3.57%)– the smallest group in population terms.

The remaining 11.1 million (4.66%) belong to various ethnic minorities such as Hazaras and

Kalashs. There is also a large worldwide Pakistani diaspora, numbering over seven million

residing worldwide.


LANGUAGES

More than sixty languages are spoken in Pakistan, including a number of provincial languages.

Urdu the lingua franca, a symbol of Muslim identity, and national unity is the national language

which is understood by over 75% of Pakistanis and the main source of nationwide

communication. English is the official language of Pakistan which is primarily used in official

business, government, and legal contracts; the local dialect is known as Pakistani English. The

Punjabi language is the most common Punjab and has many native speakers while the Saraiki is

mainly spoken in South Punjab. In Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, the Pashto language is the provincial

language and is well understood in Sindh and Balochistan. The Sindhi language is the common

language spoken in Sindh while the Balochi language is dominant in Balochistan.

RELIGION

Religions in Pakistan Faisal Mosque, was built in 1986 by Turkish architect VedatDalokay on

behalf of King Faisal bin Abdul-Aziz.

Pakistan is the second most populous Muslim-majority country and has the second largest Shia

population in the world after Iran. About 97.0% of Pakistanis are Muslims. The majority are

Sunni, with an estimated 5–20% Shia. A further 2.3% are Ahmadis, who are officially

considered non-Muslims by virtue of the constitutional amendment. There are also several

Quraniyoon communities. After the 9/11 attacks in the United States, the sectarian violence

among Muslim denominations has increased with systematic targeted killings of both sects,

Sunnis and Shias. In 2013, there were country-wide protests by both Shias and Sunnis calling an

end to sectarian violence in the country, toughen up the law and order, and urging for Shia-Sunni

unity in the country. The Ahmadis are particularly persecuted, especially since 1974 when they

were banned from calling themselves Muslims.

GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE

The geography and climate of Pakistan are extremely diverse, and the country is home to a wide

variety of wildlife. Pakistan covers an area of 796,095 km2 (307,374 sq mi), approximately equal

to the combined land areas of France and the United Kingdom. It is the 36th largest nation by

total area, although this ranking varies depending on how the disputed territory of Kashmir is

counted. Pakistan has a 1,046 km (650 mi) coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of

Oman in the south and land borders of 6,774 km (4,209 mi) in total: 2,430 km (1,510 mi) with

Afghanistan, 523 km (325 mi) with China, 2,912 km (1,809 mi) with India and 909 km (565 mi)

with Iran. It shares a marine border with Oman, and is separated from Tajikistan by the cold,

narrow Wakhan Corridor. Pakistan occupies a geopolitically important location at the crossroads

of South Asia, the Middle East and Central Asia.K2 is the second-highest mountain on Earth.

Geologically, Pakistan overlaps the Indian tectonic plate in its Sindh and Punjab provinces;

Balochistan and most of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa are within the Eurasian plate, mainly on the

Iranian plateau. Gilgit–Baltistan and Azad Kashmir lie along the edge of the Indian plate and

hence are prone to violent earthquakes. Ranging from the coastal areas of the south to the


glaciated mountains of the north, Pakistan's landscapes vary from plains to deserts, forests, hills

and plateaus.

Pakistan is divided into three major geographic areas: the northern highlands, the Indus River

plain and the Balochistan Plateau. The northern highlands contain the Karakoram, Hindu Kush

and Pamir mountain ranges (see mountains of Pakistan), which contain some of the world's

highest peaks, including five of the fourteen eight-thousanders (mountain peaks over 8,000

metres or 26,250 feet), which attract adventurers and mountaineers from all over the world,

notably K2 (8,611 m or 28,251 ft) and Nanga Parbat (8,126 m or 26,660 ft). The Balochistan

Plateau lies in the west and the Thar Desert in the east. The 1,609 km (1,000 mi) Indus River and

its tributaries flow through the country from the Kashmir region to the Arabian Sea. There is an

expanse of alluvial plains along it in Punjab and Sindh.

ECONOMY

The economy of Pakistan is the 26th largest in the world in terms of purchasing power parity

(PPP), and 44th largest in terms of nominal Gross Domestic Product even though the country is

sixth most populous in the world. As Pakistan has a population of over 186 million (the world's

6th-largest), thus GDP per capita is $3,149 ranking 140th in the world. Pakistan is a developing

country and is one of the Next Eleven, the eleven countries that, along with the BRICs, have a

potential to become one of the world's large economies in the 21st century. However, after

decades of war and social instability, as of 2013, serious deficiencies in basic services such as

railway transportation and electric power generation had developed. The economy is semi-

industrialized, with centres of growth along the Indus River. Primary export commodities include

textiles, leather goods, sports goods, chemicals and carpets and Rugs.

This is a chart of trend of gross domestic product of Pakistan at market prices estimated by the

International Monetary Fund with figures in millions of Pakistani Rupees.

Pakistan is a rapidly developing country and is one of the Next Eleven, the eleven countries that,

along with the BRICs, have a high potential to become the world's largest economies in the 21st

century. However, after decades of social instability, as of 2013, serious deficiencies in macro

mangament and unbalanced macroeconomics in basic services such as train transportation and

electrical energy generation had developed. The economy is semi-industrialized, with centers of

growth along the Indus River. The diversified economies of Karachi and Punjab's urban centers

coexist with less developed areas in other parts of the country.

A 2013 report published by the World Bank positioned Pakistan's economy at 24th largest in the

world by purchasing power and 45th largest in absolute dollars. It is South Asia's second largest

economy, representing about 15.0% of regional GDP. Pakistan's economic growth since its

inception has been varied. It has been slow during periods of democratic transition, but excellent

during the three periods of martial law, although the foundation for sustainable and equitable

growth was not formed. The early to middle 2000s was a period of rapid economic reforms; the

government raised development spending, which reduced poverty levels by 10% and increased

GDP by 3%. The economy cooled again from 2007. Inflation reached 25.0% in 2008 and

Pakistan had to depend on a fiscal policy backed by the International Monetary Fund to avoid


possible bankruptcy. A year later, the Asian Development Bank reported that Pakistan's

economic crisis was easing. The inflation rate for the fiscal year 2010–11 was 14.1%. On

January 2014, a survey conducted by the Japan External Trade Organization placed Pakistan just

behind Taiwan in terms of business generated by Japanese companies. Pakistan's data was

generated from 27 Japanese firms doing business here. The results found that 74.1% of the

Japanese companies estimated operating profit in 2013.

Left is a Pakistani textile market, Pakistan has the third largest spinning capacity in Asia. Right is

the Karachi stock exchange, which is the best performing market in the world as of 2014.

Pakistan is one of the largest producers of natural commodities, and its labor market is the 10th

largest in the world. The 7 million strong Pakistani diaspora, contributed US$11.2 billion to the

economy in 2011-12. The major source countries of remittances to Pakistan includes in the UAE,

United States, Saudi Arabia, Gulf states (Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, and Oman), Australia, Canada,

Japan, United Kingdom, Norway, and Switzerland.

Growth poles of Pakistan's economy are situated along the Indus River; the diversified

economies of Karachi and major urban centers in the Punjab, coexisting with lesser developed

areas in other parts of the country. The economy has suffered in the past from internal political

disputes, a fast-growing population, mixed levels of foreign investment. Foreign exchange

reserves are bolstered by steady worker remittances, but a growing current account deficit –

driven by a widening trade gap as import growth outstrips export expansion – could draw down

reserves and dampen GDP growth in the medium term. Pakistan is currently undergoing process

economic liberalization with includes privatization of all government corporations, aimed to

attract foreign investment and decrease budget deficit. In 2014, foreign currency reserves crossed

$15 billion which has led to stable outlook on the long-term rating by Standard & Poor's.

Year Gross Domestic

Product US Dollar Exchange

Inflation

Index

(2000=100)

Per Capita

Income

(as % of USA)

1990 1,029,093 21.41 Pakistani Rupees 41 1.92





2014

100.55 Pakistani

Rupees 195

EDUCATION

The Constitution of Pakistan requires the state to provide free primary and secondary education.

At the time of establishment of Pakistan as state, the country had only one university, the Punjab

University in Lahore. On immediate basis, the Pakistan government established public

universities in each four provinices including the Sindh University (1949), Peshawar University

(1950), Karachi University (1953), and Balochistan University (1970). As of September 2011,

Pakistan has a large network of both public and private universities; a collaboration of public-

private universities to provide research and higher education in the country.

It is estimated that there are 3193 technical and vocational institutions in Pakistan, and there are

also madrassahs that provide free Islamic education and offer free board and lodging to students,

who come mainly from the poorer strata of society. Strongly instigated public pressure and

popular criticism over the extremists usage of madrassahs for recruitment, the Pakistan

government has made repeated efforts to regulate and monitor the quality of education in the

madrassahs.

Education in Pakistan is divided into six main levels: nursery (preparatory classes); primary

(grades one through five); middle (grades six through eight); matriculation (grades nine and ten,

leading to the secondary certificate); intermediate (grades eleven and twelve, leading to a higher

secondary certificate); and university programmes leading to graduate and postgraduate

programs. Network of Pakistani private schools also operate a parallel secondary education

system based on the curriculum set and administered by the Cambridge International

Examinations of the United Kingdom. Some students choose to take the O-level and A level

exams conducted by the British Council.

Education in Pakistan is overseen by the Ministry of Education of the Government of Pakistan as

well as the provincial governments, whereas the federal government mostly assists in curriculum

development, accreditation and in the financing of research and development. Article 25-A of

Constitution of Pakistan obligates the state to provide free and compulsory quality education to

children of the age group 5 to 16 years. ―The State shall provide free and compulsory education

to all children of the age of five to sixteen years in such a manner as may be determined by law‖.

The education system in Pakistan is generally divided into five levels: primary (grades one

through five); middle (grades six through eight); high (grades nine and ten, leading to the

Secondary School Certificate or SSC); intermediate (grades eleven and twelve, leading to a

Higher Secondary (School) Certificate or HSC); and university programs leading to

undergraduate and graduate degrees.


Education expenditure as percentage of GDP

Public expenditure on education lies on the fringes of 2 percent of GDP. However, in 2009 the

government approved the new national education policy, which stipulates that education

expenditure will be increased to 7% of GDP, an idea that was first suggested by the Punjab

government.

The author of an article, which reviews the history of education spending in Pakistan since 1972,

argues that this policy target raises a fundamental question: What extraordinary things are going

to happen that would enable Pakistan to achieve within six years what it has been unable to lay a

hand on in the past six decades? The policy document is blank on this question and does not

discuss the assumptions that form the basis of this target. Calculations of the author show that

during the past 37 years, the highest public expenditure on education was 2.80 percent of GDP in

1987-88. Public expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP was actually reduced in 16

years and maintained in 5 years between 1972–73 and 2008-09. Thus, out of total 37 years since

1972, public expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP either decreased or remained

stagnant for 21 years. The author argues if linear trend were maintained since 1972, Pakistan

could have touched 4 percent of GDP well before 2015. However, it is unlikely to happen

because the levels of spending have had remained significantly unpredictable and unsteady in the

past. Given this disappointing trajectory, increasing public expenditure on education to 7 percent

of GDP would be nothing less than a miracle but it is not going to be of godly nature. Instead, it

is going to be the one of political nature because it has to be "invented" by those who are at the

helm of affairs. The author suggests that little success can be made unless Pakistan adopts an

"unconventional" approach to education. That is to say, education sector should be treated as a

special sector by immunizing budgetary allocations for it from fiscal stresses and political and

economic instabilities. Allocations for education should not be affected by squeezed fiscal space

or surge in military expenditure or debts. At the same time, there is a need to debate others

options about how Pakistan can "invent" the miracle of raising education expenditure to 7

percent of GDP by 2015.

Girl education in Pakistan

Despite millions being invested in education all year round, numerous still exist in Pakistan who

do not believe in women being educated. The majority living in the rural areas feel that there is

no point in educating their girls, since at the end all they are responsible for is looking after their

households. The question that remains is: Who will change this school of thought?

Girls in Pakistan have to face numerous social issues when deciding to study or pursue a career.

One of the more frightening things is those living in rural areas, especially those in the North,

don‘t send their girls to school claiming that it is prohibited by Islam.

Though many tribes now feel a need to educate their girls; however, due to social pressures and

the lack of funds they have not been able to fulfill their dreams so far. Those who do bypass

societal stigmas and financial downfalls are faced with the eventual problem of the non-existence

of an educational institution for their higher studies.


Total Literacy Rate 58%

Male 69%

LITERACY RATE

At present, Pakistan‘s total literacy rate is set at 58%, a staggering percentage if you ask. And

only 45% of women in

Pakistan are educated as

compared to the 69% of the

male population (2009). Even

this percentage has been

achieved over years of struggle

and after spreading awareness

regarding the importance of

education.

The literacy rate ranges from

96% in Islamabad to 28% in the Kohlu District. Between 2000 and 2004, Pakistanis in the age

group 55–64 had a literacy rate of almost 38%, those ages 45–54 had a literacy rate of nearly

46%, those 25–34 had a literacy rate of 57%, and those ages 15–24 had a literacy rate of 72%.

Literacy rates vary regionally, particularly by sex. In tribal areas female literacy is 9.5%.

Moreover, English is fast spreading in Pakistan, with more than 92 million Pakistanis (49% of

the population) having a command over the English language, which makes it the third largest

English-speaking nation in the world and the second largest in Asia. On top of that, Pakistan

produces about 445,000 university graduates and 10,000 computer science graduates per year.

Despite these statistics, Pakistan still has one of the highest illiteracy rates in the world and the

second largest out of school population (5.1 million children) after Nigeria.

According to the latest released findings of Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement

Survey 2012-13, by Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, the adult literacy rate in Pakistan has increased

from 55 percent in 2010-2011 to 57 percent in 2012-2013.

Around 75,520 households were covered in the survey conducted all over the country.

Universities

According to the Quality Standard World University Ranking there are two Pakistani

universities among top 200 Technology Universities of the World. Eight Pakistani universities

including UET LAHORE, COMSATS, Fast-NU, Aga Khan University, Lahore University of

Management Sciences, PIEAS, Quaid-e-Azam University, National University of Science &

Technology, NED University of Engineering and Technology , Sir Syed University of

Engineering and Technology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences Lahore. and

University of Karachi are ranked among top Asian Universities.

UNEMPLOYMENT

The percentage of people in economy who are eager and able to work but are not working is

called unemployment. In Pakistan mostly unemployment arises when a person becomes indolent

or unappreciated in the job other than this hiring and firing of companies also affect


unemployment rate. Changes in unemployment depend mostly on flows made up of non-

employed people starting to look for jobs, and of employed people who lose their jobs and look

for new ones and of people who stop looking for employment. Most common terms are the

labour force, the participation rate and the employment rate.

People experience development through their work. It is not just about having a job. It is about

the quality of employment that provides a sufficient income to keep workers and their families

out of poverty. It is about basic rights at work and a voice in decisions that affect their lives and

livelihoods. It is about having security in times of disaster. All these are key ingredients of a

decent job which stands for dignity of work, promotes a sense of self worth and ensures family

stability.

Unemployment Rate in Pakistan 2014-2015

INDUSTRY

Introduction:

Pakistan‘s textile industry is a major contributor to the national economy in terms of exports and

employment. Pakistan holds the distinction of being the world‘s 4th largest producer of cotton as

well as the 3rd largest consumer in the world.

Pakistani Textile Manufacturing Sector contributes 8.50% of the national income. Cotton being

the prime crop of Pakistan makes the textile industry the most significant industry of the country.

The textile industry contributes more than 60% of the export earnings of the country.

After an impressive growth in the industrial sector, the government has optimistically revised its

growth target to 6.8% for the fiscal year 2014-15. Over the fiscal year 2013-14, industries grew

by 5.8% overall, surpassing the growth target for the year by 1%.

The Minister of Finance highlighted in his budget speech that growth in the industrial sector this

year was highest in six years.


The manufacturing and construction subsectors of the industrial sector, both of which have

significant impact on the economy, surpassed their respective growth targets by 1% and 5.3% in

2013-14.

Owing to the optimistic growth in these subsectors, the government has set a 6.9% growth target

for manufacturing sector overall, compared to a 4.5% target last year.

The growth target for the large scale manufacturing (LSM) sector, which contributes more than

10% to the GDP and surpassed last year‘s growth target by 1.3%, has been set at 7% for fiscal

year 2014-15.

The government now aims for a GDP growth rate of 5.1% in the fiscal year 2014-15, compared

to last years target of 4.4% which the economy failed to meet by 0.3%.

1. Industrial sector growth targets

The chart shows the percentage growth targets and actual growth in the industrial sector and its

components in 2013-14, as well as the 2014-15 growth target.

2.Automobile

Within the automobile sector in 2014-15, light commercial vehicles, trucks, buses and motor

cycle posted growth rates of 27.95%, 30.94%, 11.25% and 3.38% respectively, while tractors

registered a negative growth of 33.57%

3. Local car sales

The chart shows the total car sales in

Pakistan from 2009-10 to 2013-14. The

2013-14 figures are for 10 months

only, signifying a growth of 3.8% year

on year (YoY) compared to 108,334

units in the same period last year.


Meanwhile, the Ministry of Finance has proposed to withdraw the 10% excise duty on locally

made 1,800cc cars.

4. Textile

Since the textile sector contributes more than 50% to national exports, the government has

decided to introduce a support and incentive

package for this sector, Minister of Finance

Ishaq Dar said in his budget speech on Tuesday.

The chart below shows textile exports over the

years in millions of US Dollars. Figures for

fiscal year 2013-14 are only from July to March.

Draw-back for local taxes and levies is to be

given to exporters of textile products on FOB

values of their enhanced exports if their exports

increase beyond 10% (over last year‘s exports).

The mark up rate for Export Refinance Scheme

of the State Bank of Pakistan is being reduced from 9.4% to 7.5% from July 1, 2014.

The minister also informed that he had directed the FBR to dispose of all their pending Sales Tax

refund claims before September 30, 2014, and that in the future all admissible refund claims of

exporters shall be disposed off within 3 months.

Dar also informed that the duty free import of machinery under textile policy 2009-14 will be

extended for another two years in order to take full advantage of the GSP plus facility.

A Rs4.4 billion vocational training scheme will be launched with the aim of training 120,000

individuals over a five-year period. The scheme will offer an Rs8,000 monthly stipend to the

trainees and will run for a period of three months.

The Textile Industry Division of the Public Sector Development Programme (PSDP) in Budget

2014-15 has been allocated Rs329.3 million. These funds are intended to be used for formulation

of textile industrial policy, training, skill development, research for quality improvement and

productivity enhancement throughout the production/value chain.

Textile Industry Division in PSDP

Functions of textile industry

division include formulation

of textile industrial policy,

training, skill development,

research for quality

improvement and productivity


enhancement throughout the production/value chain

Additionally, the textile industry will benefit from Rs6 billion in fiscal year 2014-15 under the

Textile Policy 2009-14. During the fiscal year 2013-14, this amount was Rs7.5 billion.

Growth of Textile Industry of Pakistan

TEXTILE EXPORTS VISION 2020:

A newly elected Chairman of All Pakistan textile Mills Association (APTMA) YasinSadique has

announced to unveil vision APTMA 2020 under which the textile exports would be projected to

fetch $26 billion by year 2020 from present leavel of $13 billion. Yasin said despite fact that the

country's largest foreign exchange earning sector was facing several hardships; the textile

exporters were firm to combat all obstacles in their way. Though exporters are not getting any

relief/concessions from the government, they would continue to their efforts for not only the

survival of the export-oriented industry but strive for achieving new goals in the greater interest

of the country and its economic sovereignty. He pointed out besides many acute problems and

energy crises, the spinning industry was vying for enhanced production in cotton crop as the crop

remained stagnant for the last two to three years at 12 to 13 million bales. He said for this

purpose spinners would along with the government would re-visit the Monsanto option as well as

the effort to make the Pakistan Cotton Research Institute would be made more effective. He said

about frequent increases in taxes and levies and utilities' prices, the association would take up

these issues with the government and ask the power corridors to extend at least some breathing

space for the industry's survival.

Electricity rate in Pakistan is highest with 15 cents per unit while it costs 12 cents in India, 10

cents in Sri Lanka and 9 cents in Bangladesh while gas per MMBTU in Pakistan is $4.94, $4.20

in India and $2.05 is in Sri Lanka. Similarly markup rate in Pakistan is highest as compared to

other countries in the region with 10.50 percent and it is feared to increase further whereas it is

charged at 6.56 percent in China, 7.74 percent in Bangladesh and 7.75 percent in Sri Lanka. He

said APTMA would speed up its efforts for the Generalized System of Preferences Plus by the

European Union as Pakistan becomes eligible for the preferential tariff in January next year.

5. MEDIA AND ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY

The rock band Junoon is performing live, with the national flag of Pakistan in backgrounds.

The private print media, state-owned Pakistan Television Corporation (PTV) and Pakistan

Broadcasting Corporation (PBC) for radio were the dominant media outlets until the start of the

21st century. Since 2000, Pakistan has a large network of private 24-hour news media and

television channels. In addition to the national entertainment and news channels, foreign

television channels and films are also on air.

The Lollywood– an Urdu film industry– is based in Karachi, Lahore, and Peshawar. While

Bollywood films were banned from public cinemas from 1965 until 2008, they have remained

important in popular culture. Contrary to ailing film industry, the televised dramas and theatrical


performances are widely popular in the country, as many entertainment media air the series

regularly. In the 1960s–1970s, the pop music and disco (1970s) dominated the country's music

industry. In the 1980s–1990s, the British influenced rock music began to be notice by the public

and jolted the country's entertainment industry. In 2000s, the introduction and emergence of the

heavy metal music country's entertainment circle was highly appreciated and gained critical

acclaim by the public. To many observers, the Pakistan's ingenious rock music is the only

"arsenal" the country had against India's encroaching entertainment industry."

Pakistani music ranges from diverse provincial folk music and traditional styles such as Qawwali

and Ghazal Gayaki to modern forms fusing traditional and western music. Pakistan has many

famous folk singers. The arrival of Afghan refugees in the western provinces has stimulated

interest in Pashto music, although there has been intolerance of it in some places. Pakistan has

some of the world's modern vibrant and open media. Pakistani media has also played a vital role

in exposing corruption.

GROWTH TREND DURING LAST 5 YEARS

Pakistan's textile industry is

going through one of the toughest

periods in last 5 years.

The global recession which has hit

the global textile really hard is not

the only cause for concern. Serious

internal issues also affected Pakistan's textile industry very badly. The high cost of production

resulting from an instant rise in the energy costs has been the primary cause of concern for the

industry. Depreciation of Pakistani rupee during last year has significantly raised the cost of

imported inputs. Furthermore, double digit inflation and energy crises have affected the over all

textile sector.

Top Companies

1. Adam Motors Companies Limited

2. Ittehad ChemicalsVision

3. Allied Bank Vision

4. Pak Arbab Fertilizers (Fatima GroupLimited)Vision

5. Lakson Group

6. Century Insurance Limited Address

7. Haroon Oils

YEARS

GROWTH

2008-2009 -0.70 %

2009-2010 -1.78 %

2010-2011 1 %

2011-2012 4.8 %

2012-2013 13.02 %


8. Savour Foods

9. Allahwasaya Textile and Finishing mills

10. General Tyre and Rubber company of Pakistan Limited

11. Agri Auto Industries Ltd.

12. Altern Enery Limited

13. Cass Pak Industries Ltd.

14. Azgard 9 Limited

15. Merit Packaging Limited

MNC’s

1. Unilever

2. Nestle

3. Protocol and Gamble

4. Chartered Bank

5. KFC

6. Toyota

7. Siemens

8. Pepsi Cola International

9. ICI

10. Mobilink

Tourism

Pakistan is the best destination of assorted traditions, people, and scenery that attracts many

tourists. The state capital of Islamabad, along with the momentous metropolis of Karachi,

Peshawar, and Lahore, has plenty of attractions to lure the visitors. Being an Islamic country, the

mosques of Pakistan, are its chief tourist attraction. The mosques feature artistic designs, finely

melded in the Islamic style of architecture.


Arts Museums play a vital role in enhancing tourism in Pakistan as most of the visitors are fond

of paintings and historical monuments. Pakistan has numerous mountain peaks that lure

climbers.From the mighty stretches of the Karakorams in the North to the vast alluvial delta of

the Indus River in the South, Pakistan remains a land of high adventure and nature. Trekking,

mountaineering, white water rafting, wild boar hunting, mountain and desert jeep safaris, camel

and yak safaris, trout fishing and bird watching are a few activities, which entice the adventure

and nature lovers to Pakistan.Pakistan is endowed with a rich and varied flora and fauna.

When the Pakistani Taliban killed 10 foreign climbers at the base camp of Nanga Parbat, one of

the world‘s highest peaks, in 2013, it shocked the climbing world – but it also imperiled the

tourism industry that is the economic lifeline for the remote westernmost edge of the

Himalayas.Tourism in Pakistan has been in a general decline over the past 12 years.

Places to Visit

1. Faisal Mosque-Pakistan is one of the prominent Islamic countries in the world, and

Faisal Mosque is one of its main mosques. It is not only a place of worship, but it also

boasts of a rich history. It is located in the close vicinity of the mausoleum of General

Zia-ul-Haq, and this makes the place easy to find. The Faisal Mosque has a marvelous

architecture, and is also superbly decorated. The beauty of the structure is doubled due to

the presence of the Maragalla Hills in its background.The Faisal Mosque is a work of

inspiration of the Saudi Arabian King, Faisal bin Abdul Aziz. During the construction of

the Faisal Mosque, King Faisal was assassinated, and the place was named after him as a

tribute. Another reason behind this naming is due to the monetary help that the king

provided for the construction.

2. Badshahi Masjid-Badshahi Mosque in Lahore, Pakistan, is one of the most premier sites

of worship for the followers of Islam. The mosque is an embodiment of splendor and

opulence. It is said by the visitors to the mosque that the architecture of this magnificent

mosque is very similar to that of the Jama Masjid in Delhi. The Badshahi Masjid is also

known as the Royal or Imperial Mosque.

The interiors of the Badshahi Masjid are flamboyant. The embellishments of stucco

tracery, which is known as manbatkari, and the fresco on the paneling along with the

marble inlay are commendable. The exterior of the mosque is also equally beautiful. The

lotiform motifs in bold embossment and the red sandstone marble inlay on the outer walls

are outstanding.The major architectural features of the Badshahi Masjid include four

minars on each corner, the aisles or dalans on every side, the square courtyard, the

majestic entrance and the prayer room. All these features reflect the ancient style of

mosque architecture. The mosque is built with kiln burnt bricks made of lime mortar,

kankar (calcium carbonate) and red sandstone.

3. Mohenjodaro-Mohenjodaro in Pakistan is a site of one of the oldest civilizations of the

world. The word ‗Mohenjodaro‘ means the ‗mound of the dead‘. Due to its urban


architecture, it is also called an ‗Ancient Indus Valley Metropolis‘.Mohenjodaro is

popular for its well-planned and designed structures. It is a superbly planned city with

broad streets and big houses. The ruins give an impression of how the ancient people led

their daily lives. The ruins comprise of a Stupa built of burnt bricks, remains of a deep

well and the famous Great Bath used by the people of Mohenjodaro.

Some of the structures that can be seen at the site are the Granary, courtyard, narrow

streets, drain area, latrine, ringstones, sanitation street and wells.Mohenjodaro is of

special importance to historians and archaeologists. Thanks to the historians and

archaeologists whose tireless strivings have unearthed this important chapter of history.

4. Lahore Fort (ShahiQila)-The Lahore Fort, locally known as ShahiQila is one of the

most popular tourist attractions of Lahore in Pakistan. The fortress in Lahore bears a

strong architectural resemblance to the Agra Fort, in India. The fort has a prominent

influence of the Persian style. Although the fort has undergone several revisions, yet the

scheme of the Mughals seems to have been preserved.

The high outer walls of the Lahore Fort are embellished with blue kashi tiles of Persian

origin. The fort is divided into two sections viz.The private palatial section and the

administrative section. You can enter the northern half of the fort and the residential part

of the fort using the Hathi Pol, or ‗elephant gate‘. Towards the northeastern part of the

fort you can see the red sandstone buildings, built in the reign of Mughal Emperor

Akbar.The Lahore Fort houses the Bari Khwabgah, or ‗large bedroom‘, the sleeping

chamber of Emperor Jahangir. Afterwards, Shah Jahan made an addition to the fort in the

form of the ChotiKhwabgah built in white marble.

5. Shalimar Gardens, Lahore- Located 8 kilometers east of Lahore, the Shalimar Gardens

(also called the Shalamar Gardens) are one of the popular Lahore tourist attractions. The

Shalimar Gardens were used as the Royal pleasure garden by the Mughals during the

16th to the 19th century.The channels of water in Shalimar Gardens are fed by canals

designed by Ali Mardan Khan, or Inayat Khan. The gardens enclosed by a red sandstone

wall interrupted by small decorative kiosks feature white marble buildings in typical Shah

Jahani style.The beautiful Shalimar Gardens are divided into three parts on different

levels. The entire garden with its tanks, fountains and flower beds cover an area of 80

acres. The idea of making Shalimar Gardens was strongly influenced by the gardens of

the same name in Kashmir.

6. Mazar-e-Quaid-The Mazar-e-Quaid is one of the most visited and popular tourist

attractions in Karachi, Pakistan. It is the tomb of the founding father of the nation,

Muhammad Ali Jinnah. The reputation of the structure attracts a considerable number of

tourists.Built in pure white marble, this mausoleum features curved arches in the Moorish

style. The framework made of copper is based on a flat platform with an area of about 54

square meters. Within the mausoleum is the cool inner chamber which contains a four-

layered chandelier made of crystal. This magnificent chandelier was gifted to the nation


by the Chinese people. It reflects a royal grandeur and lends the chamber an aura of

aristocratic elegance.

Encircling the mausoleum is a park which features powerful lights. At night time, these

lights focus on the structure of the mausoleum and make it appear all the more prominent

and splendid. In spite of being located in the midst of the city, the area has a serene

ambience. This is a unique attribute associated with the Mazar-e-Quaid.Apart from

Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the Mazar-e-Quaid also houses the graves of the first Prime

Minister of Pakistan – Liaqat Ali Khan, and Jinnah‘s sister – Mohtarma Fatima Jinnah.

7. Tomb of Jahangir-Tomb of Jahangir is one of the most popular tourist attractions in

Lahore, Pakistan. Jahangir was a Mughal Emperor who ruled from 1605 to 1627. The

mausoleum of Jahangir was constructed ten years after his death. The tomb was built by

his son Shah Jahan inside the walled garden of Empress Noor Jahan, Bagh-e-DilKusha,

on the bank of the river Ravi in Lahore. One can enter Jahangir‘s Tomb in Lahore

through the large northern and southern gates. The southern gate of the tomb looks

magnificent with a red Sikri sandstone covering decorated with white marble inlay.

The white marble of the mausoleum of Jahangir is beautified with floral marble inlay and

consists of an arcaded platform or takhgah that measures 84-square-meters in area. There

is an octagonal minaret, rising in five segments, erected on each corner of the

mausoleum. Chevrons of pink and white marble have been used to adorn the shaft of the

minarets, each of which is crowned with a domed kiosk.

8. Minar-e-Pakistan-Minar-e-Pakistan is one of the most popular and must-visit tourist

attractions in Lahore. It is constructed of reinforced concrete, with the floors and walls

rendered in stone and marble. The Minar-e-Pakistan is also known as the Minaret of

Pakistan, Pakistan Tower or Pakistan Column. It is officially recognized as the National

Monument of Pakistan.The Minar-e-Pakistan or ‗Pakistan Day Memorial‗ has been

erected as a monument in commemoration of the Lahore Resolution in Iqbal Park. This

was the first official declaration to establish a separate homeland for the Muslims living

in the subcontinent, on March 23, 1940. The government and people of Pakistan now

celebrate this day as Pakistan Day, a national holiday, each year.

9. Lahore Museum-The Lahore Museum was originally established in 1865-66 on the site

of the hall or building of the 1864 Punjab Exhibition and later shifted to its present site

located on The Mall, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan in 1894. Rudyard Kipling's father, John

Lockwood Kipling, was one of the earliest and most famous curators of the museum.

Over 250,000 visitors were registered in 2005. The current building of Lahore Museum

was designed by the well-known architect Sir Ganga Ram. The Museum is the biggest

museum of the country. A number of rooms have been under repair for a long time and

others still show a rather old-fashioned and often rudimental display of objects, with

Urdu captions only.


10. Clifton Beach- Clifton beach or Seaview is a beach in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan located

on the Arabian Sea. It is one of the neighborhoods of Clifton, Saddar Town. It was the

world's most popular silver-sand beach and health resort during 20th century citation

needed] but in 2003 it was affected by an oil spill. The beach has attractions for families

and tourists, including beachside horse and camel rides, amusement parks, restaurants,

and swimming in the Arabian Sea.

Airlines of Pakistan

The Pakistan Aviation Industry was started up when Orient Airways merged with Pakistan

International Airlines Corporation (PIAC) to become the national flag carrier of Pakistan called

Pakistan International Airlines (PIA). PIA remained the only operator for many years after its

creation, but soon private airlines arrived at the scene to compete with the national flag carrier as

conditions of the country stabilized. There are total 151 airports.

Current Airlines of Pakistan

Airblue

Air Indus

Pakistan International Airlines

Shaheen Air

Askari Aviation

Pearl Air

Airlines Direct from India

flydubai flights

PIA flights

Other airlines flying to Pakistan

Emirates flights

Gulf Air flights

Thai Airways flights

Etihad Airways flights


Air Arabia flights

Mihin Lanka flights

SriLankan Airlines flights

Oman Air flights

Saudia flights

TRANSPORT

The transport industry accounts for ~10.5% of nation's GDP. Pakistan's motorway infrastructure

is better than those of India, Bangladesh, and Indonesia, but the train system lags behind those of

India and China, and aviation infrastructure also needs improvement. There is scarcely any

inland water transportation system, and coastal shipping only meets minor local requirements.

pakistanorganisation of islamic cooperation, saarc and cern. demographics population density...

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