justjava.book page 795 wednesday, june 2, 2004 2:09...

795

Symbols! operator 142!= operator 142, 146& operator 142, 145&& operator 143, 146* operator 142*= operator 143+ operator 142++ operator 142, 143, operator 147/ operator 142/= operator 143<%! tag> 712<%= tag> 712<> operator 601< operator> 601= operator 143, 146, 601== operator 142=> operator 142> operator 601>= operator 601>> operator 144>> operator 142? operator 143, 146^ operator 142, 145| operator 143|| operator 143, 146~ operator 142

Numerics1.5, see JDK 1.516-bit

ASCII, String, and binary 400

character output 403streams, why not use 406UCS transformation format

456Writer class 398, 399

4-layer TCP/IP model 6455K contest 75664-bit compatible 457-layer ISO model 6448-bit


outputstream classes and methods 399

outputstreams 398

Aabstract 177

interface methods 230overriding, forcing on 177

abstract classes 234Abstract Factory pattern 312accept method 666access modifiers

interfaces 230overview 103syntax 104

accuracy 149, 150Acord 732action listeners

callback interfaces 240see also listeners

activation record 208adapter classes

class names 510event handling 508example 510listener adapter class 509major pitfall 511

Adapter pattern 312addAll method 345addresses

comparing String addresses 63

finding IP for machine name 673

INetAddress 674IP address, determining 642loopback address 664pointers, references 28

algorithmsgarbage collection 206scheduling, POSIX 275threads 269Turing machine 336

Index

justjava.book Page 795 Wednesday, June 2, 2004 2:09 PM

796 Just Java 2

alternating and pattern match-ing 479

Amazonweb services and REST 774web services beta kit con-

tents 772web services overview 759web services, running 773web services, using 771

anchors in pattern matching 477, 478

angle bracketsgenerics and 317syntax 136

anonymous classes 93event handling 508instance initializers 93

ANSIcodesets appendix 787SQL and 595

Ant 689Apache

configuration 703defined 689deployment 706servlet reference implemen-

tation 688API

interfaces 230networking 648Object class 57overview ofPOSIX threads standard

267reading Java API 79ServerSocket 666String class 58, 60

Apple’s Zen Garden 132Applet 559applets

astronomy applet 575containers 559life cycle 526Light Relief 199limitations 435methods 560Powers of 10 tutorial 200

application layer 645application libraries, see libraries

application programmer inter-face, see API

Application Service Provision 687

applications in jar files 102ArgumentIndex 396arguments

generic type parameters 325parameters versus 95, 318var-args 97variable arity 98

arithmetic shift operator 144ArrayList class 349, 352arrays

ArrayList class 349, 352arrays of arrays, instantiat-

ing in steps 193arrays of, declaring 191arrays of, description 190brackets 194bulk transfer from buffer to

448cloning 236compatibility 188creating 187description 185duplicating 189I/O output destination 399indexes, when checked 186indexing and 64-bit Java

195initializing 189iterating over 192length of array 187multi-dimensional 190object type 185output 400size 187terminology in other lan-

guages 191values method and enu-

meration 123ASCII


character sets 454codesets appendix 787input 414MIME 702printable output 402

required encodings 456XML and 731

ASP overview 685assert

caveat 223complete example 222overview 221two key steps 221

assignmentoperator precedence 143operators 153

associativity 148astronomy applet 575attributes

databases, defined 583defined 591XML 726, 734

autoboxingoverview 55performance 56primitives and variable ari-

ty 98AVG function 602AWT

Canvas component 534Container class 553description 500inheritance example 162native library behavior 520

Axis 763

Bback references and pattern

matching 476beans

example in JSP 715Java beans and JSP 712, 715

bible code 546BigDecimal class 155, 392, 490big-endian storage 454BigInteger class 155, 392, 490binary


byte-swapping binary data 459

input 414output to 401


Index 797

bind method 666binding, late 174bitwise shift 142blackout and race conditions

290blank final variable 118blocked server I/O 443blocking I/O workaround 443blocks

statements, blocks of 69synchronized 292

BNF and generics 323book website 14boolean

defined 41description 43

BorderLayout 564Bosiak, Jon 731bounds

generic bounds that men-tion generic type 331

generic parameter bounds 333

type parameters 330wildcards 364wildcards, lower bounds

on 365BoxLayout 565braces 136brackets 194branches

break, omitting at end 72default branch 72

breakcontinue 76enumeration 124omitting at end of branch 72statement syntax 76

browsersdefined 684HTTP, retrieving pages 671protocols 693

BufferedInputStream class 420BufferedOutputStream class 408BufferedReader class 414BufferedWriter class 408buffers

bulk transfer from 448

creating 445current position 444memory 441memory mapping 451methods 446overview 441reading a file 446view buffers 447

business-to-business XML pro-cesses 732

buttonsJButton 531JButtonGroup 535JRadioButton 535radio buttons 535

bytedefined 41description 48

byte array input source 415byte-swapping binary data 459

CC++ 173CAFEBABE 420calculations

operator descriptions 143precision 149

Calendar class 484, 485numbers for months 486utilities 483

call chain 211callbacks

callback routine 501interface callbacks 239

Canvascorresponding Swing com-

ponent 534functionality 534

cardinality 583, 591Carnivore FBI program 667case 72casting

Class class 180classes, rules 170generics 320note on 47operator 153operator precedence 142

overflow 154subclasses and superclasses

169widening and narrowing

152see also conversion

Catalina 689catching

catch clause 211defined 211exceptions 214exceptions within throwing

method 214categories

event handling 507lightweight controls 523

certification examJava exams 313superclass/subclass com-

patibility 171CGI

client/server and 687defined 684, 689servlets versus 687

channelsclose-on-interrupt 443file channel 444overview 441reading a file 446transfer data methods 444when to use 441

chardefined 41description 43Filter to replace 407Unicode 45

character escape sequences 45character sets 454

encoders and decoders 440encodings 459results 458summary 460using specific 457

checkboxes 533CipherOutputStream 408Class class 179, 322class data sharing 19classes

access modifiers 103, 104


798 Just Java 2

accessing member from within versus without 31

casting rules 170Class class 179Collection 320constant-specific class bod-

ies 130declaring with generic type

parameters 322defined 20, 160Double 241exception hierarchy 213File class 387finding 101forward referencing 138grouping in packages 23HashSet 353jar files, putting in 101Math class 195methods, syntax 95Object 57objects and 26packaging 99qualifying names 137static 113String 60TreeSet 356wrapping output classes

406classpath

jar files 102Java installation 782

client/serverclient sockets 655Java Studio Creator 610Mckoi JDBC driver mode

613server sockets 666TCP/IP model 650web programming 687

clock programcompiling and running 20main code for 32

Cloneable interface 235cloning

arrays 236Cloneable interface 235common pitfall 237defined 235protected and 237

shallow versus deep 236close method 405code

commenting out 78timing 493

codesets appendix 787COFFEEPOT property 148ColdFusion overview 685Collection classes 320collections

addAll method 345Collection interface 342, 343Collection summary 368Collections helper class 357constructors 346foreach 347HashMap class 372HashSet class 346, 353iterating and exceptions 349list classes 350lists 342Map interface 369, 370maps 342methods 345objects, declaring 345queues 342removeAll method 345retain method 345sets 342shuffling elements of 362TreeMap class 375TreeSet class 356

Collections helper class 357colliding data field names 167columns, defined 583comma operator 147command line input 390, 391command line output 393Command pattern 312comments

commenting out code 78conventions 78javadoc 78javadoc tool overview 80XML 726

commercial databases 611Comparable interface 232, 359

changes in JDK 1.5 233complete example 232

generic parameters 233type argument 233with generics 327without generics 327

Comparator interface 359compare method 361compareTo method 232, 233, 361comparingincorrect optimization 360

intern method 63objects 59SQL comparison operators

601Strings 63

compatibilityarrays 188Tomcat and servlet/JSP 689web services 761, 762XML 731

compile timegenerics error reporting 321literals 42

compilingclock program example 20Java 18, 781servlets 700

Component class 554components

debugging 561debugging lightweight 545defined 521, 552displaying 526heavyweight and light-

weight 522Swing component descrip-

tions 529Swing list 543toolkit 571see also GUI

composite typesdefined 22primitive types versus 22

concatenation 61conditional operator precedence

143conditional statements 69configuration

Tomcat 703Tomcat paths 705


Index 799

connectingconnection methods 619Connection object and

transactions 625database connection 617databases 615networking connection

classes 649URLConnection 673

console input 390, 391constants

constant-specific class bod-ies 130

enumeration constants 121final keyword 117

constructorscollection constructors 346constructor calling another

91default no-arg 90enumeration 128inheritance 92inheritance and 174no-arg, when not to use 90overview 89syntax 90

container classes, see collectionscontainers

AWT containers 553class hierarchy 553, 555, 556layout 561overview 552servlet, defined 684Swing containers 554Tomcat 689

content length, tracking in serv-lets 703

context-sensitive parsing 122continue

break statement 76dowhile statement 75

controlsdefined 521, 552see also GUI

conversioncasting 47conversion specifiers 395overflow 154widening and narrowing

152

see also castingcookies


copyingarrays 189cloning 235

COUNT function 602covariant return types 238, 325CREATE

defined 596example 597

curly braces 136cursors

appearance 572icons 572result sets 604

Ddata

instance data versus static data 114

moving between threads 305

static 114validation, DTD 726

data race conditions 291data types

benefits 21primitives versus 22procedural language data

types 21SQL 598see also attributes, variables

databasescommercial 611connecting to 615connection 617connection methods 619defined 582design 584drivers

defined 615loading 616

entity integrity 587foreign keys 586Java bean in JSP, example

715

Java Studio Creator 610JDBC

complete example 627overview 610

mathematical concepts 584Mckoi

downloading and install-ing 592

jar files, setting up 593query tool 594running 613running sample code 613

noncommercial 612normal forms 590ODBC 615primary keys 586reducing duplicated data

585referential integrity 586relational

overview 582terminology 591

relationshipsmany-to-many 588one-to-many 587one-to-one 587

result set metadata 630SQL

data types 598executing commands on

databases 619execution methods 620functions 602overview 595statement categories 596

tablesadding 590defined 583

terminology 583transaction integrity 587transactions 625

datagrams 640datagram sockets 645diagram 641

datalink layer 645DataOutputStream class 401DateFormat class 484dates

Date class 483month numbers 486see also Calendar


800 Just Java 2

deadlock 304debugging

GUI 561lightweight components

545servlets 707sockets 666telnet 667threads bug 303

decoders, character set 440decrement operator 142, 143deep clone 236default no-arg constructor 90degrees 196, 583delayed binding 174delegation-based model 501DELETE


demonssendmail 657threads 280

deploying servlets 706deprecated

interfaces 485thread methods 283

description 159descriptors

defined 390standard in, out, err 391

design patterns1.1 event handling 513Factory 738, 749Factory summary 753overview 311, 312

designing databases 584destructor 95Digital Signature Algorithm in-

terfaces 490dippy birds 286directories for Java classpath 102disk

freeing disk space 14objects, writing to 436

dispose method 207DNS servers 648Document Type Definition, see

DTD

documentation 608doGet 697DOM

defined 733example 737nodes 741SAX versus 745using 736

domains 583doPost 697double

defined 41largest double precision

number 51overflow 154range of values 50strictfp 198

Double class 241double-byte characters 411double-clickable jar files 102dowhile 75downloading

Amazon web services beta kit 771

Google web services beta kit 764

Java 781Mckoi database 592Tomcat 691

DriverManager 617drivers

defined 615DriverManager 617loading 616

DROPdefined 596example 606

DTDbusiness-to-business pro-

cesses 732defined 727, 734Shakespeare’s plays 729syntax 727

dump program 419, 432dumping a file to hexadecimal

418duplicating

arrays 189see also cloning, copying

DVDsillegal prime number 424illegal tshirt 463

dynamic content 684, 687

EEBCDIC 454, 731, 787EDSAC 335eggs, standard size and enumer-

ation 128elements, XML 725email 657, 659, 667

debugging 667embedded mode 613empty bodies and listener

adapter classes 509encoders, character set 440encoding, HTTP 696encodings

character sets 459required 456

endian, big and little 454end-of-line characters 386Englebart, Doug 516ENIAC 334Enterprise Edition

J2EE features 339overview 14

entities 734entity integrity 587Entscheidungsproblem 334enumeration

1.5, how done before 112break statements 124complicated types 127constants 121constant-specific class bod-

ies 130constructors 128egg example 128enumerated type benefits

119final ints, drawbacks 119import static 126predefined members 129qualified name 125servlets 699statement updates for 121


Index 801

static and final 112switch statement 124type name, importing 125values method and 123why enumerate types 119

enumerations 111environment variables and

properties 493EOFException 418equality

comparing objects 59see also comparing

equals method 59, 63errors

assertion error 222detecting early, generics

320generics 326window, JOptionPane 537

escape characters and pattern matching 474

escape sequences 45evaluating

arrays 141expressions 139operands 141

evaluation and conversions 152event dispatcher 502, 527event handlers

anonymous classes 508interface callbacks 239

event handling1.1 design pattern 5131.1 event object hierarchy

5041.1 event passing 503actions 500categories 507events 507events, defined 501framework for all 507interface for each Swing

component 543interfaces 507Java event model 501listener adapter class 509overview 501registering several listeners

513slimmer code 508

summary 512threads 502

event-driven programming 501events

1.1, event object hierarchy 504

1.1, how passed in 503defined 501Swing events list 543

exceptionscatching within throwing

method 214causing 212class hierarchy 213defined 211fancy stuff 219how methods declare 218how propagates if not

caught in throwing meth-od 217

I/O 417iterating through collec-

tions 349method that threw 220overview 210related 216servlets 703summary 221terminology 211thrown, what happens 211user-defined 213

executable application in a jar file 102

exercisesadvanced I/O 460advanced threads 312classes and objects 38collections 377constructors and visibility

107containers and layout 574event handling 515I/O 423interfaces 242JDBC 631networking 679polymorphism and inherit-

ance 183regular expressions 496servlets and JSP 717SQL 607

statements 83Swing 546XML 755

expression statements 70expressions

conversions 152evaluating 139precision 149regular expressions 470syntax 139

extend, defined 160

Ffactoring out, defined 585Factory design pattern 738, 749,

753fall-through 72FBI Carnivore program 667fields

access modifiers 104forward referencing 138

file channels 444File class 387, 388file descriptors

defined 390standard in, out, err 391

file locking 452, 454files

example of output to 401I/O output destination 399input source 415random access file 430

FilterInputStream class 421FilterOutputStream class 408FilterReader class 414filters 407FilterWriter class 406final 176

blank final variable 118description 117interface data fields 230ints, using to enumerate 119overriding, forcing off 175

finalizersdescription 205JLS citation 207

finallycatching exceptions 214


802 Just Java 2

cleaning up with, note 216purpose in exceptions 215

firewalls 648, 652Flags 396float

defined 41overflow 154range of values 52

floating-pointdivision operator 143double 50extension 151float 52inaccuracy issues 150overflow 154significant figures 149types overview 49

flow of controlassert statement 78dowhile statement 75exceptions 211throw statement 78transfer of control state-

ments 77FlowLayout 562flush after use 405footprint reduction 19for

arrays, iterating over 192enumeration and 121statement syntax 73

foreachcollections, iterating

through 347enumeration 122

foreign keys 586Formatter class 394formatting

format specifiers 396string output 436

formsdoGet and doPost 697example 704headers 696normal form 590POST and GET 695servlets and 694

forward referencing names 138fragmentation 204

frames 561frameworks

event handling framework 507

Java Collection Framework 341

logging 384thread pools 310

FTP 640functions, SQL 602Furby 156

Ggarbage collection 204

algorithms 206costs and benefits 205description 202, 204finalizers 205fragmentation 204weak references 207

generic methods 366, 367generic parameters 362generics

arguments for generic type parameters 325

arguments versus parame-ters 318

bounds 330clone method and 325Comparable interface with

327Comparable interface with-

out 327declaring class with generic

type parameters 322defined 317, 319generic class example 334generic interface example

334generic interfaces 326generic method example

334generic methods 362generic type parameters 322generic type restrictions 328instantiating object 325invoking methods on ob-

jects 326methods, invoking on ob-

jects 326parameter bounds 333parameter bounds that

mention generic type 331problem solved by 319purpose 321table example 324terminology 334three parts 322using outside Collection

classes 322GET

defined 690HTTP GET command 669POST and 695

GIFimage I/O 384importing images into pro-

gram 558JFrame 557

Googlegooglewhacking 778web services beta kit con-

tents 764web services overview 759web services, running 768web services, using 764WSDL file 766

goto 68grammar, defined 8greater than operator, prece-

dence 142GregorianCalendar class 484,

485, 486grep program for pattern match-

ing 482GridLayout 564groups and pattern matching

476GUI

cursor icons 572event handling actions 500event handling overview

501functionality, four basic ar-

eas 499heavyweight and light-

weight components 522JFC overview 520JFC terminology 521

justjava.book 02 Wednesday, June 2, 2004 2:09 PM

Index 803

JFrame, displaying compo-nents 526

layout managers 562pluggable look and feel 549printing screen 571Swing component descrip-

tions 529see also AWT, Swing, event

handlingGUI event handlers 239gzip 409, 421GZIPInputStream class 421GZIPOutputStream class 408

Hhandlers 211

event handlers and inter-face callbacks 239

see also event handlersHank the Angry, Drunken

Dwarf 717Hard Luck Hard Disk 83hardware for networking 646has a 166hash tables

defined 371hashcodes 59HashMap class 369, 372HashSet class 346

collections and lists 351using 353

Hatless Atlas song 65header files

use in other languages 23headers

HTTP 696servlet request methods 699

heapdefault size 202description 202garbage collection 202storage lifetime 203

heavyweight 522Hello World 783hexadecimal 418Hindi output 401HotSpot 19

HTML5K contest 756overview 723, 724POST and GET 695servlets, invoking with 694XML versus 722XML’s advantages over

722, 724HTTP

1.1 enhancements 702browsing 671defined 690GET command 669headers 696mapped I/O HTTP server

677multithreaded HTTP server

675POST and GET 695requests and responses 695response syntax 696servlet requests 698servlets and 693version comparison 702

hubs 647

II/O

16-bit character output 403ASCII printable output 402basic reader methods 411binary output 401blocked server 443buffers 441channels 441design philosophy 385exceptions 417File class 387file locking 452formatted string output 436input 410input methods 415input sources 411, 415inputstream wrappers 420interrupting 283java.io package 382key File class members 388keyboard 390, 391memory-mapped 449Multics 450

multiplexed non-blocking 441

non-blocking 440number of classes 382output 397output destinations 399packages 384piped I/O for threads 305platform differences 386practical output examples

400printstreams 391problems 382processes, limitations on

running 435program output, reading

432random access file 430reader wrappers 413reading file and dumping

to hexadecimal 418threads, stopping 283wrappers 383wrapping additional out-

put classes 406writer wrappers 406XML support class 439zip files, outputting 409see also input, output

IBM Linux watch 108icons for cursors 572identifiers

defined 137legal Java identifiers 138names versus identifiers

137overview 137

identity conversions 152IDEs 18if statement syntax 71illegal

prime number 424tshirts 461

images, importing into program 558

IMAP 640immutability and final keyword

117immutability of Strings 61, 63,

64


804 Just Java 2

implicit fall-through 72importing

import static syntax 126type name, enumeration

125IN operator 601indexes

array indexes, when checked 186

arrays 195INetAddress 674inheritance

benefits of 165casting 169casting rules 170constructors 92constructors and 174data field name collision

167description 159example of real-world 160interfaces 228, 230Java example 162multiple inheritance 167Object and polymorphism

174summary 167superclass object acting as

subclass 169toString method 175

initializing arrays 189inner classes and event handlers

508input

basic methods 415description 410double-byte characters 411InputStream wrappers 420problem 412reader methods, basic 411reader wrappers 413sources 411, 415see also I/O

InputStream class 415InputStreamReader class 421inputstreams

piped I/O 305TCP/IP diagram 650wrappers 420

INSERT


insolvent pachyderms 778installing

Mckoi database 592Tomcat 691

instance initializers 93instance methods and enumera-

tion variables 129instanceof 145

instead of switch 743operator 145

instantiatingarrays 187constructors 89objects, constructors 89

intdefined 41description 46

integritydefined 591entity 587referential 586transaction 587

interface, see GUIinterfaces

abstract classes versus 234callbacks 239Comparable 232defined 230, 234deprecated 485event handling 507generic interfaces 326generic parameter bounds

333Java Native Interface 495JDBC, interfaces versus

classes 618locks and memory map-

ping 440member behavior 230overview 227problem solved by 228summary 231Swing event handler inter-

faces 543intern method 63Internet Protocol, see IPinterpreter

performance boosts 19program for Java 18

interruptingI/O 283interrupt method 304threads 303

introspection 180ints

enumeration and final int drawbacks 119

overflow 154IP 640

address, determining 642current connections, show-

ing 668defined 650finding address for ma-

chine name 673INetAddress 674loopbackaddress 664ports and 652protocols built on 645version 4 versus version 6

646ipconfig 642is a 166ISO

codesets appendix 787ISO-8859-1 456seven-layer model 644

ISPs, blocking 633iterating

collections 347collections, exceptions 349Iterator interface 347

JJ2EE

features 339overview 14

J2ME overview 12J2SE overview 13Jakarta 690JApplet

example 526subclass of Panel 559

jar filesapplications, storing in 102


Index 805

classpath 102creating 101double-clickable 102executable application in

102Google web services 765location JDK looks for 102Mckoi 629Mckoi, setting up 593servlet deployment 706

Jasper 690Java

classpath, installation 782clock program, main code

for 32compiling 18, 781downloading 781early names for 378event model 501J2EE overview 14J2ME overview 12J2SE overview 13JRE overview 18JVM overview 18language overview 8Microsoft and 7objects, introduction to 17operator descriptions 143operator precedence 142overview 3package list 11portability benefits 4portability, importance 5running program 18strongly typed, defined 42see also JDK

Java Foundation Classes, see JFCJava Native Interface 495Java Studio Creator 610javac 18javadoc 78

comments 78tool, overview 80using 82

JAXB 733JAXM 733JAXP 733, 735JButton

description 530example 527

internationalization 531JButtonGroup 535JCheckBox 533JComponent

actions 524component descriptions

529controls 525debugging components 545description 524features provided 522JFrame, arranging 527overview 522

JContentPane 556JDBC

additional information 631complete example 627drivers, loading 616interfaces versus classes 618overview 582, 610prepared statements 626SQL connection methods

619SQL execution methods 620stored procedures 627transactions 625transactions, batching 624versions 614

JDiskReport 14JDK

classes, finding 101features in each release xixsee also Java

JDK 1.1event handling pattern 513event object hierarchy 504event passing 503

JDK 1.5arrays, iterating over 192autoboxing and unboxing

55class data sharing 19concurrent package 310deprecated thread methods

283ellipsis token 136enum keyword 136enumerations 111footprint reduction 19generics 181, 317

java.nio I/O package 440new features summaryStringBuilder 64variable arity 97

JEditorPanedescription 541JTabbedPane and 539

JFCadvantages 521overview 520terminology 521

JFramecontainers 557displaying components 526example 504, 527, 557

JGlassPane 556JLabel 529JLayeredPane 556JMenuBar

556jobs and Java 6JOptionPane 537JPanel 556

alternative using JLabel 534description 534JTabbedPane and 539KeyListener 535using 558

JPG 558JRadioButton 535, 550JRE overview 18JRootPane 556JScrollPane 538JServ 690JSP

container, Tomcat 689example 714executing 713Java beans 712, 715Java beans example 715overview 683, 685, 710servlets versus 710Struts 714syntax 711tag libraries 716tags 712terminology 689

JTabbedPane 539description 539


806 Just Java 2

JTextField 532JToolTip 531Just in Time compiling 19Just Java website 14JVM overview 18JWindow 560

KKenobi, Obi-Wan 545KeyAdapter 511keyboard I/O 390, 391keyboard output 393KeyListener 535keys 586keywords 136

enum, new 112Java 136

Kleene star 468Knuth, Donald 80

Llabels, JLabel 529languages

definition of programming language 7

see also object orientation 21late binding 174layers

ISO seven-layer model 644TCP/IP four-layer model

645layout

combining layout manag-ers 566

containers 561grid layout 564layout managers

BorderLayout 564BoxLayout 565combining 566FlowLayout 562GridLayout 564

layout managers overview 562

left bitwise shift 142length 186length of arrays 187

less than operator, precedence 142

librariesgrouping classes 23Java libraries list 11JAXP 735JSP tag libraries 716overview of libraries 9run-time library overview

10life cycle for servlet 708lifetime for object on the heap

203Light Relief

500 Mile Limit on Email 680Apples and Crays 497applets 198Computable Numbers and

the Entscheidungsprob-lem 334

Early Names for Java 378Furby’s Brain Transplant

156googlewhacking 778Hatless Atlas 65Haunted Zen Garden of

Apple 132Illegal Prime Number 424Java Certification 313Java-Powered Toaster 242JDiskReport 14MiniScribe, the Hard Luck

Hard Disk 83Napster and Limewire 38NASA Spirit Rover 224Nerd Detection System 184Reading the Docs 608Sky View Cafe astronomy

applet 574Spam 632The Bible Code 546The Illegal Tshirt 461The Motion Sensor Solution

(Dippy Birds) 285The Mouse That Roared 515Using Java to Stuff an On-

line Poll 717View Source on Kevin’s

Life 756lightweight

components, debugging

545controls list 523defined 522

LIKE operator 601Limewire 38LineNumberInputStream class

421LineNumberReader class 414link layer 645Linnaean taxonomy 160Linux

portability of Java 4watch 108

list of items 185listeners

adapter class pitfall 511callback interfaces 240example 509listener adapter class 509pluggable look and feel 551registering several for same

event 513top-level class, making into

508lists

ArrayList class 349, 352collections 342LinkedList class 349List class 349maps and 342sorting for collections 359

literalsboolean literals 43byte literals (none) 48char literals 44defined 42int literals 46long literals 47short literals (none) 49String literals 60Strings, immutable 61

little-endian storage 455local thread storage 308locks

deadlock 304file locking 452read/write 291

logging servlets 703long


Index 807


loopback address 664loops

break statement 76continue statements 75dowhile statement 75for loop and enumeration

123for statement 74looping statement syntax

73mutually exclusive threads

298variable, declaring 74

MMacintosh

portability of Java 4web services 777

mail500 mile limit 680MIME 702sending 657

main methodexample 32static 116

many-to-many relationships 588Map interface

HashMap 372TreeMap 375

mapped I/O HTTP server 677maps

collections 342defined 343

Maps interface 369mark and sweep 206Matcher class 469Math class 195, 318, 392math package 196, 490MAX function 602Mckoi

class path 629downloading and installing

592jar files 629jar files, setting up 593query tool 594

running 613running sample code 613

memory management 202finalizers 205garbage collection 202, 204heap 202leaks 203memory no longer in use,

indicating 204reclaiming objects 94reference types and 28stack 208weak references 207

memory mapping interface 440memory-mapped I/O 449, 450metacharacters and pattern

matching 474metadata

File class 387File class members 388result sets 630

metawords in pattern matching 480

methodsaccess modifiers 104activation record 208catching exception within

throwing method 214exceptions, declaring 218File class 388finding method that threw

exception 220forward referencing 138generic methods 362generic, example 334grouping in packages 23I/O metadata 388instance methods and enu-

meration variables 129interfaces 230invoking static method

through instance variable 116

overloading 96, 171overriding 172overview 95parameterizing 366reference variables, passing

parameters to methods 96servlet request methods 699

servlet response methods 700

stack 208static methods 116static, common pitfall 117Swing interface methods

543variable-arity 97see also generic methods

MFC memory leaks 203Micro Edition overview 12MicroQuill 203Microsoft

Java and 7memory leaks 203OpenOffice.org office suite

competitor 6MIME 702MIN function 602MiniScribe 83modal Window 560monitors and threads 291months

numbers for 486see also Calendar

motion sensors 285mouse inventor 515Multics 450Multics and wait/notify 297multi-dimensional arrays 190multidimensional arrays 190multiple inheritance 167

interfaces 229multiplexed non-blocking serv-

er I/O 441multithreading, see threadsmutually exclusive threads 287

communicating 295example 288over a method 294over block of statements

293over entire class 292

MVCoverview 552Struts 715


808 Just Java 2

Nnaming

data field collision 167early names for Java 378forward referencing 138names versus identifiers

137package names and

namespaces 100package names, unique 100package naming rules 99qualifying 137subclasses and data field

names 167XML namespaces 729

Napster 38narrowing conversion 152NASA Spirit Rover 224Native Interface 495native library behavior in AWT

520negation and pattern matching

479nerd detection system 184nested classes 104nesting 166netstat 668network layer 645networking

additional information 679hardware 646IP and UDP diagram 641ISO seven-layer model 644library 648overview 639TCP/IP four-layer model

645Windows 657see also sockets, packets,

protocolsnew features in 1.5, see JDK 1.5new keyword 90no-arg constructor 90nodes and DOM 741non-blocking I/O 440, 442noncommercial databases 612non-polling I/O 442normal form 590

notify method 297, 303NTP 655, 656null

databases 587null reference 27

null bodies and listener adapter class 509

numbersrandom 492see also Math class

OObject class

equals method 59inheriting from 174overview 57

object orientationclasses, defined 20inheritance 159inheritance and construc-

tors 92inheritance example 162polymorphism 159terminology 160

object references 96ObjectOutputStream class 408objects

arrays, similarities 186arrays, similarities and dif-

ferences 186autoboxing 55code example, simple 30collection objects, declaring

345comparing value 59defined 26heap 202instantiating

constructors 89steps that occur 93

instantiating for generics 325

introduction to 17memory management 94no longer in use, indicating

204object wrapper classes for

primitive types 54pass by value versus pass

by reference 96primitives versus 27reference to an object ver-

sus 29static 113storage lifetime 203wrappers for primitives 53writing objects to sockets

437writing to disk 436

Observer pattern 312octal escape sequences 45ODBC 615one-to-many relationships 587one-to-one relationships 587OOP, see object orientationOpenOffice.org office suite 6operand evaluation 141operating cycle of servlets 708operating systems

I/O differences among 386portability, benefits 4portability, importance 5

operatorscast and assignment 153description 140Java operator descriptions

143precedence 142SQL comparison 601

optimizationincorrect 360servlets 709

order of evaluationoperands 140see also evaluating

outputarrays 400destination options 399practical examples 400readers versus output-

streams 397reading program output

432Width 396wrapping additional out-

put classes 406zip files 409see also I/O


Index 809

OutputStream class 408outputstreams

16-bit characters 398binary output 401example 400piped I/O 305readers versus 397servlets 703TCP/IP diagram 650wrappers 408

OutputStreamWriter class 408overflow

BigInteger 155casting 154

overloading 171description 171methods, syntax 96overriding versus 174

overridingcovariant return types 238forcing off with final 175forcing on with abstract 177methods 172overloading versus 174

Ppackages

classpath 102defined 99finding classes 101grouping classes in 23I/O packages 384Java package list 11naming rules 99packaging classes 99unique names 100visibility 98

packetsdiagram 641, 643routers and 647UPD 649watching 667

p-and-v semaphores 291parallel processing 269, 281parameterized type 334parameters

arguments versus 95, 318generic methods 366

generic parameter bounds 333

generic type 322pass by value versus pass

by reference 96passed by reference 96passed by value 96primitives and parameter-

passing 96reference variables, passing

parameters to methods 96wildcard parameters 362

parentheses 136parsers

DOM 736SAX 744SAX versus DOM 745

pass by reference 96pass by value 96Pattern class 469pattern matching

alternating 479anchors 477anything but feature 473anything except this word

feature 479capturing groups 476cautions 469classes 469escape characters 474grep program 482metawords 480methods 470patterns, forming 470quantifiers 475ranges 473sample program 472single-character metachar-

acters 474three main steps 468using 469when used 468word negation 479

patternsdesign pattern summary

753design patterns overview

312Factory design pattern 749pattern matching and I/O

440PatternSyntaxException 469performance

autoboxing 56batching SQL statements

and transactions 624interpreter performance

boosts 19servlets 709strictfp 198StringBuilder 64

petservletpetform.html 704results 705

pi 195, 318, 394ping programs 653, 654pipes

example of output to 401I/O output destination 399input source 415piped I/O for threads 305pitfall 305

pluggable look and feelillustration 551overview 549

pointers 28polls, rigging results 717polymorphism 159, 171

description 171late binding 174Object, inheriting from 174overloading 171overloading versus over-

riding 174overriding 172parametric 319

populating tables with INSERT 599

portabilitybenefits 4I/O 386I/O design philosophy 385importance 5jobs, effect on 6OpenOffice.org 6pluggable look and feel 549web based software 686XML 731

ports


810 Just Java 2

defined 652firewalls and 652predefined 652

POSIXscheduling algorithm 275thread standard 267

POSTdefined 690GET and 695

post-increment operator 142, 143

Powers of 10 tutorial 200powers of two table 785precedence 142

associativity versus 148operator precedence 142operators 142

precisioncalculation accuracy 149calculations 149floating-point 149, 151floating-point arguments

396pre-increment operator 142, 143prepared statements

description 606using 626

primary key 586prime numbers

example program finding 281

illegal 424primitives

autoboxing 55boolean, description 43byte, description 48casting 47, 153char, description 43composite types versus 22data types versus 22defined 21descriptions 41int, description 46long, description 46object wrapper classes for

primitive types 54object wrappers 53objects versus 27short, description 49

printfmethod 394variable-arity of methods

97printing screen 571println 670PrintStream class 402printstreams 391PrintWriter class 403priority 275private

access modifiers 103, 105protected versus 106

procedural language data types 21

programming language, see lan-guages

propertiesenvironment variables

equivalent 493predefined 494processing 494

protectedaccess modifier rationale

106access modifiers 105cloning and 237defined 237JLS citation 239private versus 106servlet request and re-

sponse 698protocols

HTTP and web components 693

IP, built on 645remote and println 670socket 663SPAM, reducing 636Trusted Internet Protocol

636provisioning 687proxy servers 648public

access modifiers 103, 105interface methods and

fields 230punctuation

defined 136

operators 140PushbackInputStream class 421PushBackReader class 414

Qquantifiers and pattern match-

ing 475queries

Mckoi query tool 594SELECT example 599SELECT result sets 603SELECT statement 596speeding up 624SQL executeQuery method

620SQL subqueries 602

queuescollections 342

Rrace conditions

avoiding 291blackout 290defined 289

radians, converting to degrees 196

radio buttons 535, 566raising 211Random Access File class 430Random class 492ranges and pattern matching

473read/write locks 291readers

basic methods 411outputstreams versus 397reader classes 397reader classes for input 411reader wrappers 413

reading from System.in 391records

DELETE and DROP 596deleting 605DROP 596UPDATE statement 596updating 605

reference counting 206


Index 811

reference implementation, serv-let 688

reference typesarrays 185defined 27key points 22string comparison 63why used 28

reference variablespassing parameters to

methods 96tree data structures 29why used 28

referencesback references and pattern

matching 476forward-referencing names

138objects versus reference to

an object 29pass by value versus pass

by reference 96pointers, addresses 28

references typesmemory management and

28referential integrity 586regular expressions

pattern matching 470properties 493

related threads 280relational databases 581

defined 582many-to-many relation-

ships 588mathematical concepts 584see databases, relationaltables 582

relations 583relationships 587reliability and enumeration con-

stants 121removeAll method 345repetition and pattern matching

quantifiers 475requests

HTTP 695servlet 698servlet requests, key meth-

ods 699servlets 697

reserved words 136responses

HTTP 695, 696servlet responses, key

methods 700servlets 697, 699syntax 696

RESTAmazon web services 774overview 775

result setscontents 603metadata 630SELECT example 601sorted 604

retain method 345return statement syntax 77right bitwise shift 142Robocode software 110RosettaNet 732routers

defined 646packets and 647

rows 583rules

generic type parameter bounds 330

googlewhacking 779XML 725

run method 271, 274, 282Runnable interface

creating new thread 270object, turning into thread

272Swing threads 528Thread class 284using 272

run-time amnesia 328run-time internals 202, 208run-time library

overview 10source code 62

SSAX

defined 733

DOM versus 745example 746using 744

Scanner class 391SCJP 313screen, printing 571scrolling 538searching and web services 770Searching class 325second normal form 590sections of XML documents 728security

firewalls 648serializing and 438web services 772

SELECTdefined 596example 599pitfalls 604result sets 603

selection statements 71selector-based multiplexing 442semaphores, p-and-v 291SequenceInputStream class 421serializing

objects, making serializable 437

security and 438writing objects to disk 436

servlet containersdefined 684Tomcat 689

servletsCGI versus 687compiling 700container, defined 684debugging 707deployment 706development tips 707dynamic content 684example 701example, running 692exceptions 703forms and 694HTML to invoke 694logging 703operating cycle 708outputstreams 703overview 683


812 Just Java 2

pathnames for executing 705

petservlet results 705products replaced by 687reference implementation

688requests 698requests and responses 697requests, key methods 699responses 699responses key methods 700specification location 710terminology 689threads 709tips 703Tomcat configuration 703tracking content length 703web services and 687why use 686writing 700

sessions 710sets

collections 342HashSet class 353maps and 342Set interface, defined 355see also result sets

shadowing field names 167Shakespeare DTD 729shallow clone 236shift, bitwise 142short


signed shift operator 144significant figures

double, largest possible 51floating-point 49

SimpleDateFormat class 484, 488

SimpleTimeZone class 484single-character metacharacters

474Singleton pattern 312Sky View cafe 575SmartHeap 203SMTP 657, 658SNMP 640SOAP 763

socketsbackground 642blocking I/O 443C/C++ 653client socket 655client versus server 645connections 645datagram 645datagram diagram 641debugging 666defined 652diagram 643I/O output destination 399input source 415Java 653networking classes 648println and 670protocols 663server socket 660server sockets 666ServerSocket 666stock finder 672stream sockets 645TCP/IP diagram 650URLconnection 673writing objects to 437

sortinginterfaces for collections

359result sets 604

Sorting class 325source code of Java run-time li-

brary 62spam

lovely 632pattern matching 468preventing 634

Spirit Rover 224SQL

comparison operators 601cursor 604data types 598executing statements 619execution methods 620functions 602overview 595prepared statements 606result sets 603statement categories 596statements, batching 624

stored procedures 606support for SQL types 490

square brackets 136, 194SSEC 335stack

description 208diagram 209servlet stack trace 707Stack class 489stack cracking 208stack frame 208strack trace, defined 211threads and 210

Standard Edition overview 13standard in, out, err 391start method 271statements

assert 221branches 72break statements 76common Java statements 67dowhile statement 75dowhile statements 75empty statement ( 69enumeration, updates for

121expression statements 70for statements 73if statements 71looping statements 73organizing 69overview 68return statements 77selection statements 71SQL statement categories

596SQL statements, batching

624switch statements 71switch’s design flaws 73transfer of control 77

staticdata 114defined 112, 113description 113import static syntax 126main method 113, 116methods 116methods, common pitfall

117


Index 813

mutual exclusion over class static methods 293

threads 293what you can make static

114stderr 391stdin 391stdout 391stop and copy 206storage

big-endian 454little-endian 455thread local storage 308

storage lifetime 203stored procedures

defined 592description 606using 627

stream sockets 643, 645streams

closing after use 405input and output streams

397memory-mapped I/O 449selecting class for 398

strictfp 151, 198String class

concatenation 61creating new 61methods, important 64overview 58, 60toString method 58

StringBuffer 415Strings


comparing 63formatted output 436I/O output destination 399intern method 63StringBuffer 63StringBuilder 64

strongly typed 42Struts

finding more information 715

overview 714subclasses

casting 169

data field names 167defined 160inheritance example 163interfaces 228overriding 172superclass acting as sub-

class 169subqueries

examples 603SQL 602

subtypesdefined 160see also subclasses

SUM function 602super

keyword 164using 166

superclassescasting 169defined 160superclass acting as sub-

class 169supertypes

defined 160see also superclasses

swapping bytes 459Swing

component descriptions 529

containers 554debugging lightweight

components 545error message windows 537event-dispatching thread

requirement 528events list 543JComponent, description

524lightweight controls 523most useful component 538threads warning 527threads, Runnable interface

528switch

break statement 76design flaws 73enumeration and 124instanceof instead of 743statement syntax 71

switches

defined 646hubs versus 647layer 3 646

synchronizationblocks 292defined 277events and threads 502Multics 297mutual exclusion over

block of statements 293mutual exclusion over

method 294servlets 709solutions 291wait/notify 295

syntactic sugar 122, 332syntax

angle brackets 317arguments versus parame-

ters 95arrays 185, 187arrays and brackets 194arrays of arrays 191comments 78constructors 90CREATE 597DELETE 605doGet and doPost 698DROP 606DTD 727exceptions, catching 214expressions 139generic methods 366generics 334HTTP 696identifier rules 137INSERT 598JSP 711methods 95operators 140overloading methods 96punctuation 136SELECT 599SELECT pitfalls 604SQL operators 601statements 69UPDATE 605XML 725XML comments 726

System.in 391System.out.println 393


814 Just Java 2

Ttables

CREATE statement 596creating 597database, adding to 590defined 583DELETE and DROP 596deleting 605inserting records 598

tabsadding tab and component

541escape sequences 44JTabbedPane 539

tagsattributes 726DTD 727element tags 725HTML tags 723JSP 712JSP tag libraries 716XML 734XML tags 724

TCP/IP 640client/server model 650diagram 643four-layer 645overview 640Windows 657

Telnet 640telnet 667templates, see genericstest-and-set instructions 291text editors and pattern match-

ing 468text fields 532TFTP 640third normal form 590Thread class

diagram 271example 284non-private members 284

threads 271advanced topics 287, 295API 267bug 303categories of thread pro-

gramming 277concurrent package 310

creating 270defined 267demon 280deprecated methods 283diagram 278event handling and 502interrupting 303local storage 308moving data between 305Multics 297mutually exclusive 277, 287mutually exclusive, com-

municating 295mutually exclusive, exam-

ple 288pipe pitfall 305piped I/O 305prime number program 281race conditions 289read/write locks 291reasons to use 269related 280Runnable interface 272Runnable interface and

Swing threads 528running 271servlets 709stack allocated for 210stopping 283Swing threads warning 527synchronization 277, 709synchronization solutions

291synchronized blocks 292unrelated 278, 280unsynchronized 280volatile 304wait/notify 295XML 753

three-dimensional arrays 190throwing exceptions 211time

global timeservers 656NETP 655time-sharing 268time-slicing 275see also Calendar

TimeZone class 484timing your code 493toaster, Java-powered 242Tomcat

configuration 703defined 690deployment 706downloading 691installing 691overview 689running JSP 713servlet debugging tips 707starting and stopping 692versions 689

tooltips 531toString method 58, 175traceroute 647transactions

batching 624Connection object 625transaction integrity 587

transfer of control statements 77Transmission Control Protocol,

see TCPtransport layer 645TreeMap class 369, 375trees

DOM parser, example 740DOM XML parser 737reference variables 29reference variables and 29XML document structure

727TreeSet class 356triggers 592true/false, boolean 43Trusted Internet Protocol 636try

after completed 216exceptions 214overhead 218statement example 215

tuple, defined 583, 592Turing, Alan 335two, powers of, table 785two-dimensional arrays 190type arguments 334type erasure 328type name 125type parameters 334types

array compatibility 188composite types 22


Index 815

conversion 47covariant return types 238enumerated type benefits

119enumerating, why 119floating-point 49generic type restrictions 328generics 320grouping in packages 23reference types 27reference, why used 28type parameter and bounds

330see also data types

UUDDI

defined 763overview 775

UDP 640, 641unboxing, see autoboxingUnicode

char and 45operating systems and 45

unrelated threads 278, 279, 280unsynchronized threads 279,

280UPDATE


URLsI/O output destination 399URLConnection 673

user datagrams 640user interface, see GUIUTF 456utilities

BitSet class 489calendar and time 483Properties class 494Random class 492Stack class 489

Vvalidation, DTD 726values method

enumeration and 123

predefined members 129var-args 97variable-arity 97variables

casting note 47data types versus primi-

tives 22enumeration variables and

instance methods 129pass by value versus pass

by reference 96reference variables, passing

parameters to methods 96see also attributes, data

typesVector class thread bug 303versions

IP 646JDBC 614JDK xixservlet reference imple-

mentation 688XML 733

view buffers 447virtual 173visibility 98

access modifiers 104keywords 98protected 237see also access modifiers

volatile 304votebot 718

Wwait method 297wait/notify 295, 297war files 706warnings and JOptionPane 537weak references 207web browsers

defined 684protocols 693

web componentsJSP overview 711portability 686servlet and JSP overview

683terminology 689

web searches 468web servers 661

defined 684multithreaded HTTP server

675protocols 693

web servicesAmazon beta kit, down-

loading 771coding your own 770conclusions 777defined 761four components 762Google beta kit, download-

ing 764overview 759problem they solve 761REST 774running Amazon web ser-

vices 773running Google web servic-

es 768security 772servlets and 687terminology 763writing, steps 763

website for book website 14well formed XML documents

726widening and narrowing con-

versions 152widening conversion 47, 152widgets 521wildcards

defined 334generic methods, combin-

ing with 367lower bounds on 365parameters 362wildcarding generic pa-

rameters 362Window

containers 560JComponent overview 522JFrame example 504window listener 509

window listenersexample 509see also listeners

Windows


816 Just Java 2

portability of Java 4TCP/IP 657

windowserror message, JOptionPane

537JTabbedPane 539see also GUI

winipconfig 642wireless devices 12word negation in pattern match-

ing 479wrappers

autoboxing 55defined 383InputStream wrappers 420object wrapper classes for

primitive types 54object wrappers for primi-

tives 53output classes 406primitives, why wrap in ob-

jects 53reader wrappers 413writer wrappers 406

writers16-bit characters 398writer classes 397

WSDLdefined 763Google WSDL 766overview 775

XXML 735

attributes 726business-to-business pro-

cesses 732comments 726document tree structure 727DOM, using 736DTD 726elements 725Factory design pattern 749HTML versus 722HTML, advantages over

722, 724information resources 755

Java XML notes 753JAXP library 735namespaces 729origin 731problem it solves 731rules 725SAX versus DOM 745SAX, using 744sections 728Shakespeare DTD 729support class, I/O 439tags 734terminology 733threads 753validation 726well formed documents 726

XSLT 733, 763

ZZen Garden 132Zermelo-Frankel set theory 122zip files 409ZipOutputStream class 408


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