page 1 reverse osmosis electro-dialysis sources of brine water pollution by industrial brines...
TRANSCRIPT
Page 1
Reverse Osmosis
Electro-dialysis
Sources of brine
Water pollution by industrial brines
BackgroundBRINE TREATMENT USING FREEZE DESALINATION
TECHNOLOGY (HybridICE™ Technology)
T MtombeniJ P Maree, W J Louw, J K O Asante, F Oosthuizen, C M Zvinowanda
Live your life. Create your destiny.
Page 2 A new approach to Brine treatment
Current Treatment Methods
Evaporation ponds
Distillation
Deep Well injection
Page 3 A new approach to Brine treatment
Advantages Drawbacks
Very low operational costs
Free energy (solar driven)
Minimal maintenance costs
Very low operational costs
Free energy (solar driven)
Minimal maintenance costs
Leaching
Expensive lining material
High cost of land
Slow process
Depends on climatic conditions
Susceptible to natural disasters
Leaching
Expensive lining material
High cost of land
Slow process
Depends on climatic conditions
Susceptible to natural disasters
Evaporation ponds
Page 4 A new approach to Brine treatment
Advantages Drawbacks
High water recovery (99%)
Zero Liquid Discharge
Potential mineral recovery
High water recovery (99%)
Zero Liquid Discharge
Potential mineral recovery
Energy intensive
Costly process
Scaling and Corrosion
Energy intensive
Costly process
Scaling and Corrosion
Distillation
Page 5
Comparison of Freeze and Evaporation methods
EvaporateFreezeParameter
Temperature change dT 25.0 75.0
Energy required to reduce tempt to 0°C (MJ/m3) 104.5 313.5Energy required to freeze/evaporate 1 m3 of water (MJ/m3) 333 2,257.0Energy required to freeze/evaporate 1 m3 water (GJ/m3) 0.44 2.57Energy required to freeze/evaporate 1 m3 water (kWh/m3) 121.53 714.03
Price (R/kWh) 0.30 0.30Cost to freeze/desalinate 1 m3 (R/m3) 36.46 214.21
Cost ratio 1 6
A new approach to Brine treatment
Page 6 A new approach to Brine treatment
Freeze desalination
History
Old technology but generally not accepted due to:
Process complexity
Solid-Liquid phase separation
High capital costs
Page 7 A new approach to Brine treatment
Advantages Drawbacks
Low energy costs Zero Liquid Discharge Potential mineral recovery Low operating temperature Minimal corrosion and scaling Energy recovery Low cost materials Pre-treatment not necessary Low ecological impact
Low energy costs Zero Liquid Discharge Potential mineral recovery Low operating temperature Minimal corrosion and scaling Energy recovery Low cost materials Pre-treatment not necessary Low ecological impact
High capital costs Process complexity Impurity entrapment Freeze-up
High capital costs Process complexity Impurity entrapment Freeze-up
Freeze desalination
Page 8
Brine
The HybridICE™
Slurry
Con
cent
rate Ice
The HybridICE™ Technology … a new approach to Freeze Desalination
Page 9The HybridICE™ Technology … a new approach to Freeze Desalination
PI
M1
M2
M3
PI PI
PI
A
WI
101
102
103
104
101
R-101
V-101V-102
V-103
HX1
HX2
C1
P1
U-101
B
HX3 F1
VFD2
VFD1
A – Ice outlet (ice sampling point)B – Concentrate outlet (feed sampling point)C1 – CompressorHX1 & 2 – Scrapped Surface heat exchangersHX3 – Refrigerant condenser (forced air)M1,M2,M3 – Electric motorsP1 – Centrifugal pumpPI-101, PI-102, PI-103, PI-104 – Pressure indicatorsR-101 – Brine storage tankU-101 – Ice filterV-101 – Brine valveV-102, V-103 – Evaporation temperature control valvesVFD1, VFD2 – Variable frequency drivesWI-101 – Weight indicator (Mass lost = Mass of ice)
HybridICE™ P&ID
The HybridICE™ Technology … a new approach to Freeze Desalination
HybridICE™ Filter operation
………
Ice out
Concentrate out
Slurry in
Page 11The HybridICE™ Technology … a new approach to Freeze Desalination
Ice from the HybridICE™ plant
Page 12The HybridICE™ Technology … a new approach to Freeze Desalination
HybridICE™ Key Attributes
Production of ice without washing
Compact and simple technology
Low energy consumption and energy recovery
Free cooling energy (Case of AngloGold, Mponeng Mine)
Retrofitting of existing systems
Page 13The HybridICE™ Technology … a new approach to Freeze Desalination
HybridICE™ Key Attributes
High impurity removal
No use of chemicals
Cheap materials used in plant design
Minimal scaling and corrosion
Page 14
Case of Anglo Gold Ashanti Mponeng mine
Depth : 3.5 km Virgin rock temp. : 54.5°C Cooling water temp. : 3°C Service water : 10°C Installed capacity : 4,200t/day Water circulated : 49ML/day (-5*) Electricity generation : 32GWh/month Savings by load shifting : 2.3%
(ice dams)
Mine cooling using ice
The HybridICE™ Technology … a new approach to Freeze Desalination
Page 15The HybridICE™ Technology … a new approach to Freeze Desalination
HybridICE™ Applications
HybridICE™
Space cooling
Heat pumpPre-heating stage
Impurity concentration for chemical recovery
Brine treatment
Page 16The HybridICE™ Technology … a new approach to Freeze Desalination
Conclusion
Evaporation pond disposal
Attractive but environmentally unfriendly
Slow process
Distillation
Energy intensive
High operational & capital costs
Page 17The HybridICE™ Technology … a new approach to Freeze Desalination
Conclusion cont’d
Freeze desalination (HybridICE™ Technology)
Low energy consumption
High impurity removal
Simple and compact
Environmentally benign
Page 18The HybridICE™ Technology … a new approach to Freeze Desalination
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