2018 National All-Star Academic TournamentRound 20 – Tossups

1. A plant-derived auxin-inducible system triggers this process in targets to produce conditional mutants. An unusual stimulation for a form of this process is the binding of ornithine decarboxylase to its antizyme in response to high polyamine levels. The rate of this process is partly governed by the N-end rule and is enhanced by PEST sequences and other degrons. Cathepsins directly perform this process and are activated by the acidity of the lysosome. This process can occur in a ubiquitin-dependent form via the proteasome. For 10 points, name this process performed by proteases, the catabolism of proteins.ANSWER: proteolysis [or protein degradation; or any common-language answer involving proteins being broken down; prompt on protein metabolism; prompt on breakdown or breaking down or degradation with “what’s being degraded?”] <The above question is for the category Science Biology and was written by Joelle Smart>

2. Jack Michael identified twelve total “operations” that drive this psychological phenomenon. A type of therapy developed by William Miller and Stephen Rollnick is named for this kind of “interviewing.” The namesake “salience” of this phenomenon is composed of incentive and aversive forms. Frederick Herzberg’s two-factor theory couples levels of “hygiene factors” to levels of this psychological phenomenon. Internal “push” factors” and goal-derived “pull” factors combine to create this phenomenon. For 10 points, name this psychological phenomenon of being willing to initiate behavior, which industrial psychologists study with regard to employees.ANSWER: motivation [or motivating or being motivated or other word forms]<The above question is for the category Social Science Psychology and was written by Penelope Ashe>

3. A cuneiform tablet which lists Nebo-Sarsekim as a court eunuch suggests the historicity of a list of Babylonian officials in this Biblical book. This book is the only work of prophecy to contain content which scholars attribute to the Deuteronomist source. A passage in this book referring to a “new covenant” was later re-interpreted by Christians as referring to Christ’s institution at the last supper. This book’s prophet buys a field in Anathoth, breaks a clay jug in front of the priests, and wears an oxen yoke which the false prophet Hananiah breaks. The king Zedekiah throws the prophet of this book into a cistern. For 10 points, name this Old Testament book, one of the major prophets, attributed to the “The Weeping Prophet.”ANSWER: Jeremiah [or Yirmeyahu; or Irmiyā; or Ieremias]<The above question is for the category RMP Christian/Bible Religion and was written by John Marvin>

4. A mountain in this region has a large lake in a crater at its peak and is named “Academy of Science.” Indigenous people from this region, including the Itelmens, frequently lamented that the big-raven god Kutkh created such an inhospitable world. A formation of large stones called the “three brothers” appears to guard the mouth of Avacha Bay on the coast of this peninsula. A subspecies of brown bear from this peninsula has subtly violet-tinted fur and is the largest in all of Eurasia. The mountain of Kikhpinych (keek-pin-EECH) stands near the Valley of Geysers in this region, which is home to the Koryak people and has twenty-nine active volcanoes. The Commander Islands lie east of this peninsula, which sits between the Sea of Okhotsk and the Bering Sea. For 10 points, name this far eastern Russian peninsula northeast of Japan.ANSWER: Kamchatka Peninsula [or Poluostrov Kamchatka; prompt on Russian Far East; prompt on Siberia]<The above question is for the category Geography World and was written by John Marvin>

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5. In a poem named after these animals by Patrick Galvin, the narrator’s father remembers “his days / With the Royal Munster Fusiliers” while speaking to these animals. In another poem, “A shudder in the loins” of one of these animals “engenders / The broken wall, the burning roof and tower / And Agamemnon dead.” That poem, a Petrarchan sonnet, describes the “terrified vague fingers” of a woman whose thighs are “caressed / By dark webs.” In a poem that begins “The trees are in their autumn beauty,” the narrator writes that “The nineteenth autumn has come upon me / Since I first made my count” of these animals. That poem is about seeing “nine-and fifty” of them “at Coole.” William Butler Yeats wrote about Leda’s encounter with, for 10 points, what kind of large, white bird?ANSWER: swans<The above question is for the category Literature British Non-Shakespeare and was written by Shan Kothari>

6. Disagreements over whether or not to undergo this process were the subject of the “suicide paragraph” of the coalitions of Jan Peder Syse (YAHN pair SUE-suh) and Jens Stoltenberg (YENS STOLE-tin-burg). Politicians signed the Snagov Declaration agreeing to undergo this process. Anne Enger Lahnstein lead the “no” side in a referendum which rejected a plan to undergo this process in 1994. The A8 group of states underwent this process simultaneously. In order to undergo this process, countries must meet the Copenhagen Criteria and agree to accept the acquis communautaire (ah-KEE koh-MYOO-noh-TAIR). Austria, Finland and Sweden underwent this process in 1995. For 10 points, undoing what process of joining a continental organization was the primary aim of the 2016 Brexit referendum?ANSWER: joining the European Union [accept equivalents for “joining” such as acceeding or becoming a member; accept EU or EEC or European Economic Community in place of “European Union”]<The above question is for the category History European 1914-present and was written by Daoud Jackson>

7. In 2013, Zhang (jong) et al. produced versions of this compound with differing stoichiometric ratios using high-pressure diamond anvil cells. This compound is produced as a side product in addition to ammonia in the Olin–Raschig process for industrial production of hydrazine. This is the lighter of the two compounds commonly used to make sample plates for IR spectroscopy. It is not a phosphate compound, but this is the compound present in highest concentration in a solution commonly used to wash cells prior to dissociation. A solution containing this compound is used to remove any aqueous workup from the organic layer during liquid-liquid extraction. This cubic crystal compound forms a mineral called halite. For 10 points, name this ionic compound symbolized NaCl.ANSWER: table salt [or sodium chloride; or NaCl; or halite before it is read; do not prompt or accept any other salts such as “epsom salt”]<The above question is for the category Science Chemistry and was written by Paul Lee>

8. A woman called Meme (may-may) inquires of a man with this title after that ageing father buries a reclusive doctor. A character with this title is nearly swindled out of his dead son’s prize cockerel by Sabato; in that novel, partly titled for someone of this rank, that character visits the same office weekly for fifteen years, futilely hoping to receive a pension. The protagonist of Leaf Storm holds this rank, as does a character who dies by the same chestnut tree to which his mad father was tied. That character with this rank “remembers that distant afternoon when his father took him to discover ice” at the start of One Hundred Years of Solitude. For 10 points, “no one writes to” a person of what military rank, also held by Aureliano Buendia?ANSWER: colonel<The above question is for the category Literature World and was written by Joseph Krol>

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9. The second king of this name expelled the usurper Zaviš of Falkenstein and conquered Kraków to claim an additional throne. The fourth king of this name ordered the murder of John of Nepomuk during a struggle with archbishop Jan of Jenštejn (YAHN of YEN-stein). The first king of this name was raised by his grandmother, a martyr who was strangled at Tetin Castle by forces of the pagan regent, his mother Drahomíra. This name was borne by the protégé of Saint Ludmila who was killed after refusing to fight Henry the Fowler. The first king of this name was succeeded by his younger brother, Boleslav the Cruel, who continued his Přemyslid (puh-SEM-iss-lid) dynasty. For 10 points, give this name of four kings of Bohemia, the first of whom “looked out on the feast of Stephen” in a Christmas carol about him being a “Good king.”ANSWER: Wenceslas<The above question is for the category History European to 1400 and was written by Penelope Ashe>

10. An artist from this country wrote the wordless song “September,” sometimes called this country’s “wedding song,” on an album whose title translates to “New Time”; that artist from this country is Ivan Lins (ee-VAHN LEENSS). A friction drum from this country that makes a high-pitched squeaking sound is the cuíca (koo-EE-ka). A black and a mixed-race child sit on a roadside on the cover of an iconic album from this country whose name means “the corner club”; that album is by Milton Nascimento (MEEL-tone nah-see-MAIN-too) and Lô Borges (BOR-zhiss). For 10 points, name this country whose popular music incorporated the developments made by Antônio Carlos Jobim (jo-BEEM), João Gilberto (zh’WOW jeel-BAIR-too), and other Bossa Nova artists.ANSWER: Brazil [Federative Republic of Brazil; or República Federativa do Brasil] [The first clue refers to “Setembro” and Novo Tempo; the third clue refers to Clube da Esquina.]<The above question is for the category Arts Music and was written by John Marvin>

11. A thought experiment considering members of Congress is used to criticize these procedures in Jacob Cohen’s essay “The Earth is Round.” Sture Holm co-names a method used to counteract error rates in some types of this procedure. In these procedures, the Bonferroni correction may be employed to render the results more accurate. The “generalized” form of this procedure typically involves considering the distribution of 2 times the log of capital lambda. The superiority of a particular type of this procedure is established by the Neyman–Pearson lemma. The size of one of these procedures is typically denoted by alpha, and the calculation of a statistic in the critical region leads to the rejection of H-nought in these procedures. For 10 points, name this type of procedure in which “null” and “alternative” models are contrasted to determine if data is statistically significant. ANSWER: hypothesis tests [or word forms; or significance tests; prompt on tests; prompt on statistical tests; prompt on multiple testing]<The above question is for the category Science Math and was written by Joseph Krol>

12. During this election, New York’s William P. Van Ness sent a secret letter to Edward Livingston, detailing an ultimately failed plan to defeat the winning candidate. This election was the subject of the pamphlet “The Prospect Before Us” by James Callender, who was eventually pardoned by the winner. The losing candidate in this election was condemned for his “reign of terror” by the newspaper Aurora, and his own party sought to dump him for his running mate, Charles C. Pinckney. This election led to the passage of the 12th Amendment after a tie occurred between the men on the winning “ticket.” For 10 points, name this first presidential election in which power was transferred between parties, in which Thomas Jefferson defeated John Adams.ANSWER: Election of 1800 [or Revolution of 1800]<The above question is for the category History American (pre-1865) and was written by Mike Cheyne>

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13. Michael Baxandall argued that barrel-gauging and other forms of commercial mathematics influenced this painter’s use of geometric forms. A thesis that one of this man’s paintings depicts Bessarion trying to convince Federico of Urbino to launch a crusade was supported by Carlo Ginzburg. A fresco by this man, which Aldous Huxley described as “the best picture in the world,” depicts four sleeping guards in front of Jesus, who raises a flag and lifts his foot onto a sarcophagus. Besides that version of The Resurrection, he painted a scene with three men in a courtyard on the right, one in a blue-and-gold robe, as Christ is tied to a pillar topped by a gold statue and whipped. For 10 points, name this early Renaissance painter of The Flagellation of Christ.ANSWER: Piero della Francesca [or della Francesca]<The above question is for the category Arts Painting and was written by Shan Kothari>

14. The path integral formulation for these particles involve using Grassmann numbers. The Gross–Neveu and Nambu–Jona–Lasinio theories model the interaction of four of these particles. Deborah Jin used potassium-40 atoms cooled to 5 times 10-to-the-negative-8th kelvins to produce these particles’ namesake condensate. Observing neutrinoless double beta decay would prove the existence of one type of these particles as opposed to ones named for Dirac. Simple multi-particle wavefunctions for these particles can be represented by a Slater determinant. These particles can be coupled at low temperatures to form Cooper pairs, and they cannot have same quantum numbers according to Pauli exclusion principle. For 10 points, name these particles that possess half-integer spins.ANSWER: fermions [or fermionic fields; prompt on neutrinos; prompt on electrons]<The above question is for the category Science Physics and was written by Paul Lee>

15. A thought experiment in this book imagines a sequence of nine cases from brutal slavery to apparently free elections, asking what point one is no longer a slave. A footnote in this book asks whether utilitarian goal-centered views can be reconciled with the author’s view of rights as side-constraints on action. This book formulates a Lockean proviso to determine when property acquisition is just, and it imagines one million people freely choosing to give money to Wilt Chamberlain in order to argue against another philosopher’s difference principle. This book advocates a minimal night-watchman state and was written in response to John Rawls’s A Theory of Justice. For 10 points, name this book of libertarian political philosophy by Robert Nozick.ANSWER: Anarchy, State and Utopia<The above question is for the category RMP Philosophy and was written by Shan Kothari>

16. A poem by James D. Corrother describes a competition with this man while they “wiz a-hoein’ in de co’n.” In a patriotic poem, this writer praises “those noble sons of Ham” “who fought for Uncle Sam!” This writer took out a loan to publish his first collection Oak and Ivy whose shorter second section is composed of dialect poems. Some critics have argued that this author expressed frustration with his white patrons in a poem describing how “with torn and bleeding hearts we smile.” This poet described a motive in one of his poems as “a plea, that upward to Heaven he flings–” and a line from that poem, Sympathy was used as the title of Maya Angelou’s I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings. For 10 points, name this African-American poet of “We Wear the Mask.”ANSWER: Paul Laurence Dunbar<The above question is for the category Literature American and was written by Daoud Jackson>

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17. This group’s rise supplanted similar forces led by Tinker Fox. Christopher Hill argued that William Erbery was able to describe this force as “the Army of God” with a theology centred on Adam. Robert Lockyer, a member of this force, was executed for his role in the Bishopsgate Mutiny while serving in the regiment of Edward Whalley. “Agitators” in this group argued with “Grandees” such as Henry Ireton at the Putney Debates. The earls of Essex and Manchester were unable to serve in this force as a result of the Self-Denying Ordinance. This force commanded by Thomas Fairfax was victorious at the battles of Naseby and Marston Moor. For 10 points, name this army which fought for Parliament during the English Civil War.ANSWER: New Model Army<The above question is for the category History European 1400-1914 and was written by Daoud Jackson>

18. Anselmus is cursed by a woman who sells these things after he knocks down her wares in the E. T. A. Hoffman story “The Golden Pot.” A Rainer Maria Rilke (RILL-kuh) poem mourns how we will never know the eyes of a headless archaic torso, which are compared to these things. In another story, a woman runs in in her underclothes to stop a man who filled his pockets from throwing these things at his son. A rotting one of these things is surrounded by “white dust” after it has lodged itself in Gregor Samsa’s abdomen. For 10 points, in Schiller’s William Tell, Walter makes sure to remain as still as possible while his father shoots what fruit off of his head?ANSWER: apples [or Augenäpfel; or apfel]<The above question is for the category Literature European and was written by Daoud Jackson>

19. This person hired an indigenous woman named Tarita to play his love interest, rewrote a script to move the title shipboard event to a flashback, and effectively took over directing himself from Carol Reed in a troubled film in which he portrayed Fletcher Christian. A character played by this man confesses to Edie, while his words are drowned out by the sound of a ship’s whistle and machinery. While playing a motorcycle gang member, this actor asked “whaddya got?” after being asked what he was rebelling against. In another film, this star of The Wild One played the brother of Charley “the Gent,” who works for gangster Johnny Friendly. In that film, this actor’s character of Terry Malloy is a former boxer who laments that he “coulda been a contender.” For 10 points, name this actor who won an Oscar for On the Waterfront and shouted “Stella!” in the film version of A Streetcar Named Desire.ANSWER: Marlon Brando Jr.<The above question is for the category Arts Film and was written by Mike Cheyne>

20. Chilean local traditions tell of a ghostly one of these objects known as the Caleuche (kah-lay-OO-chay). A self-operating one of these objects known as “Scuabtuinne” (scoob-tin-uh) is owned by Manannán mac Lir (MAH-nah-nahn mac LEER). One of these objects is owned by Freyja (FRAY-uh) and, like her hall, has the name Sessrúmnir. Utnapishtim (OOT-na-PISH-tim) creates a giant one of these objects called “The Preserver of Life.” A competition involving two stone examples of these objects was won when one of them was actually constructed of wood painted to resemble stone; that competition involving these objects led to Horus being crowned the ruler of Egypt instead of Set. Ra rides on, for 10 points, what type of vehicle that transports the sun in Egyptian mythology?ANSWER: boats [or ships; or other synonyms]<The above question is for the category RMP Non-Greek/Roman Myth and was written by Conor Thompson>

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Extra. This parameter is increased five- to seven-fold in a device that produces a solid angle approaching 4 pi. The central zero generated by a doughnut-shaped beam enhances this quantity in stimulated emission depletion. It is significantly increased axially in interferometric PALM, which utilizes the SML principle of photoswitchable fluorophores. The highest value for this quantity can be approximated with the FWHM of a point spread function. It can be calculated as 1.22 times lambda over the radius of the Airy disk according to the Rayleigh (RAY-lee) criterion, or lambda over two times the numerical aperture as quantified by Ernst Abbe (AH-buh). For 10 points, name this parameter restricted by the diffraction limit to around 200 nanometers, which represents the minimum distance at which two points can be distinguished.ANSWER: resolution [or resolving power; or angular resolution; or spatial resolution; prompt on diffraction limit until it is read; prompt on things like image sharpness; prompt on power] <The above question is for the category Science Physics and was written by Joelle Smart>

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2018 National All-Star Academic TournamentRound 20 – Bonuses

1. This poem was written while its author was recovering from a leg amputation. For 10 points each:[10] Identify this poem, whose speaker declares that “I am the master of my fate; I am the captain of my soul.”ANSWER: Invictus[10] This Victorian poet wrote “Pro Rege Nostro,” but is almost exclusively known for penning “Invictus.”ANSWER: William Ernest Henley[10] The speaker of “Invictus” declares that, “under the bludgeonings of chance / my head is” this three-word condition.ANSWER: bloody, but unbowed<The above question is for the category Literature British Non-Shakespeare and was written by Conor Thompson>

2. At the center of this fresco, the title character, wearing a yellow tunic and a green cloak, uses a pulley attached to a tree to get water from a well for some sheep. For 10 points each:[10] Name this fresco in the Sistine Chapel by Sandro Botticelli. At the bottom right, the title character kills an Egyptian with a scimitar, and at the top left, he removes his shoes.ANSWER: The Youth of Moses [or The Trials of Moses][10] Botticelli also painted this scene, in which the title love goddess stands on a floating seashell. It can be found in the Uffizi (oo-FEET-see) Gallery.ANSWER: The Birth of Venus [or Nascita di Venere][10] This character appears to the right of Venus in that painting, holding a pink cloth. As in Botticelli’s Primavera, this character is wearing a dress embroidered with blossoming patterns and is covered in garlands.ANSWER: Flora [or the Hora of Spring; or Chloris]<The above question is for the category Arts Painting and was written by John Marvin>

3. In May 2018, archaeologists found the remains of a man who appears to have escaped the destruction in this city only to be crushed by an unrelated boulder. For 10 points each:[10] Name this Roman city whose remains were preserved after it was covered by ash from the eruption of nearby Mount Vesuvius. along with nearby Herculaneum (her-kyoo-LAY-nee-um).ANSWER: Pompeii[10] One of the prominent primary sources for the destruction of Pompeii is a letter by this man, who described watching the eruption from a distance and told of the death of his uncle, a general who tried to rescue citizens.ANSWER: Pliny the Younger [prompt on Pliny; do not accept or prompt on “the elder”][10] This house near Pompeii contains some of the best-preserved examples of Roman painting, a series of frescoes which most scholars think depict initiation into a Bacchian cult.ANSWER: Villa of Mysteries [or Villa dei Misteri]<The above question is for the category History European to 1400 and was written by John Marvin>

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4. This philosopher used the thought experiment of people reacting to a child falling down a well to show that humans are innately good. For 10 points each:[10] Name this “second sage,” an ancient Chinese philosopher who lends his name to the last of the Four Books.ANSWER: Mencius [or Mengzi (MENG-tsuh); or Meng Ke][10] Mencius followed his teacher Zisi (TSUH-suh) in elaborating The Doctrine of this concept, the medium between extremes; Zisi’s (TSUH-suh’s) book with that title is the second of the Four Books. Aristotle developed his ethics around the “virtuous” example of this thing.ANSWER: the mean[10] The Four Books were compiled by this Song Dynasty philosopher and politician, who excerpted the Great Learning from the Book of Rites.ANSWER: Zhu Xi (JU SHI) [or Yuanhui; or Zhonghui; or Hui’an]<The above question is for the category RMP Philosophy and was written by John Marvin>

5. To remove a plasmid backbone from a PCR sample before cloning, you can use DpnI (Dpn-”one”) digestion, which targets N6 adenine with this characteristic. For 10 points each:[10] Name this epigenetic modification often incorporated into E. coli strains with Dam or Dcm sites. MboI (Mbo-”one”) is sensitive to the presence of this modification, which in eukaryotes often occur at CpG sites.ANSWER: DNA methylation [or word forms][10] The methyl-cytosines in CpG sites are especially prone to deamination into this other DNA nucleobase denoted T. In RNA it is replaced with uracil.ANSWER: thymine [or 5-prime methyl-uracil][10] A namesake technique for detecting methylation sites uses this compound followed by an alkali desulfonation step to convert cytosines into uracils while leaving methyl-cytosines intact.ANSWER: sodium bisulfite <The above question is for the category Science Biology and was written by Joelle Smart>

6. Norman Mailer narrated the rise of John F. Kennedy during the 1960 Democratic Convention in Los Angeles in an article for this magazine entitled “Superman Comes to the Supermarket.” For 10 points each:[10] Name this men’s magazine, which also published Gay Talese’s article “Frank Sinatra Has a Cold.”ANSWER: Esquire[10] Those Esquire articles are considered part of this 1960s and 1970s movement that incorporated techniques of subjective, first-person narration into reporting. Its other proponents included Joan Didion.ANSWER: New Journalism[10] The term “New Journalism” was coined in a 1973 anthology by this white-suited author of The Bonfire of the Vanities and The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test.ANSWER: Tom Wolfe [or Thomas Kennerly Wolfe; do not accept or prompt on “Thomas Wolfe,” “Thomas C. Wolfe,” or “Thomas Clayton Wolfe”]<The above question is for the category Literature American and was written by Shan Kothari>

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7. Giuseppe Donizetti was invited to compose the first Ottoman national anthem during this period. For 10 points each:[10] Name this period of reform in the Ottoman Empire begun by the Rescript of the Rose Chamber. This period included the abolition of the millet system and the elimination of tax farming.ANSWER: Tanzimat (TAHN-zee-maht)[10] Shortly before the Tanzimat reforms were introduced, this elite infantry corps was disbanded. These privileged soldiers were recruited from Christian boys kidnapped under the devshirme system.ANSWER: Janissaries[10] This Sultan disbanded the Janissaries and put down their revolt in the Auspicious Incident. This father of Abdulmejid I planned many of the Tanzimat reforms that were put into motion during his son’s reign.ANSWER: Mahmud II [prompt on Mahmud]<The above question is for the category History European 1400-1914 and was written by Nitin Rao>

8. In early June 2017, the Volcan de Fuego in Guatemala near this town erupted violently, killing sixty-two people on the first day. For 10 points each:[10] Name this tourist town, known for its Spanish Baroque architecture left from the colonial period, such as the Santa Catalina Arch. In the 18th century, it was rocked by the Santa Marta earthquake.ANSWER: Antigua, Guatemala[10] After just one day, the Volcan de Fuego eruption was already deadlier than the ongoing eruption of this US volcano. After a “fire hose” spouted lava into the ocean in 2017 from this volcano, it began in 2018 to erupt on a large scale, with rifts opening up all across its island.ANSWER: Kīlauea (KEE-luh-WAY-uh)[10] Kīlauea is located on the Big Island of this US state. Most of the names for types of lava, such as pāhoehoe (PUH-ho-ay-ho-ay) and ‘aʻā (ah-AH), come from this state’s indigenous language.ANSWER: Hawai‘i<The above question is for the category Current Events Non-US and was written by John Marvin>

9. The expectation value of this operation applied to an operator and the Hamiltonian appears in a general form of Ehrenfest’s theorem. For 10 points each:[10] Name this operation. The result of this operation applied to the position and momentum operators is i times hbar. ANSWER: commutator [or commutating or other word forms][10] The product of these two values for the position and momentum operators is bounded below by hbar over two. ANSWER: standard deviations[10] That fundamental result of quantum mechanics is an uncertainty principle named for this German physicist.ANSWER: Werner Heisenberg<The above question is for the category Science Physics and was written by Tim Morrison>

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10. This composer wrote a ballet where the title charcter is born in the first tableau, then in the second instructs Calliope (kuh-LIE-oh-pee), Terpsichore (terp-SICK-uh-ree) and Polyhymnia (poly-HIM-nee-uh). For 10 points each:[10] Name this composer of Apollo who also wrote the Dumbarton Oaks concerto.ANSWER: Igor Stravinsky[10] A concerto for viola d’amore is the sixth entry in this composer’s Kammermusik (KAH-muh-moo-zeek) series. His Ludus Tonalis contains a prelude, twelve fugues that alternate with interludes, and a postlude.ANSWER: Paul Hindemith (HIN-duh-mit)[10] Kammermusik, along with Apollo and the Dumbarton Oaks concerto, are in this style of music embraced by Hindemith and Stravinsky in the 1920s.ANSWER: neoclassical [or neoclassicism]<The above question is for the category Arts Music and was written by Penelope Ashe>

11. This property can be determined by comparing enantiomers. For 10 points each:[10] Name this property that measures if a molecule can be superimposed on its mirror image. Centers with this property are assigned an orientation by the CIP rules.ANSWER: chirality (kye-RAL-uh-tee)[10] A mixture that has equal amounts of left-handed and right-handed enantiomers is referred to with this term.ANSWER: racemic [or racemate][10] A mixture of two enantiomers is characterized by this quantity, which is the difference between the percentages of the two enantiomers.ANSWER: enantiomeric excess [or e.e.]<The above question is for the category Science Chemistry and was written by Fred Morlan>

12. Before 2013, the smallest of this things ever created was made in the Bolivar state of Colombia. For 10 points each:[10] Name this objects. One of these objects marked with a map of Paraguay and the Spanish for “Has been, is, and will be” was a cause of the Chaco War.ANSWER: stamp[10] The “has been, is, and will be” stamps created uproar in this country which Paraguay fought against during the Chaco War. This country lost its access to the sea during the War of the Pacific. ANSWER: Bolivia[10] The world’s most valuable stamp, the one-cent Magenta, was also created in South America when supplies failed to arrive in this colony. The 1823 Demerara rebellion in this colony was led by Jack Gladstone against British plantation owners.ANSWER: British Guiana [or Guyana]<The above question is for the category History World and was written by Daoud Jackson>

13. This field was co-founded by Jacob Mincer in 1965. For 10 points each:[10] Name this subfield of economics which uses allocation of time theory to analyze the impact of parents choosing not to join the workforce and the allocation of resources within the family unit.ANSWER: New Home Economics[10] New Home Economics was co-founded by this Chicago-based economist, who also advanced a rational choice theory of crime and collaborated with Kevin Murphy on rational addiction theory.ANSWER: Gary Becker [Gary Stanley Becker][10] A 1964 Becker book was named for this two-word phrase; it refers to the body of skills which give labor its value and is named in analogy to a classical factor of production.ANSWER: human capital<The above question is for the category Social Science Economics and was written by Penelope Ashe>

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14. This creature was confused when Ortygia (or-TIJ-ee-uh) was covered with waves to fulfill a prophecy that a woman could only give birth where the sun did not shine. For 10 points each:[10] Name this dragon oracle who was killed by a four-day-old Apollo.ANSWER: Python[10] Python attempted to prevent Apollo’s birth by stalking this mother of Apollo and Artemis.ANSWER: Leto [do not accept or prompt on “Leda”][10] Python lived at this landmark. Pyrrha and Deucalion emerged from the flood at this place.ANSWER: Mount Parnassus<The above question is for the category RMP Greek/Roman Myth and was written by Penelope Ashe>

15. This character first appears talking about the smell of train compartments. For 10 points each:[10] Name this character, apparently the most successful salesman in the play Glengarry Glen Ross, even though he loses a sale to James Lingk when Lingk becomes unnerved after the break-in.ANSWER: Ricky Roma [or Richard Roma; or Roma][10] Roma was created by this playwright and, like many of the other characters in Glengarry, enjoys swearing a lot.ANSWER: David Mamet [David Alan Mamet][10] A controversial scene in Glengarry Glen Ross that was cut in later productions features the characters Moss, Aaronow, and Roma disdainfully commenting on trying to sell real estate to a person with this surname, who wouldn’t sign even if “Shiva handed him a million dollars.”ANSWER: Patel<The above question is for the category Literature American and was written by Mike Cheyne>

16. California Representative Richard T. Hanna was convicted for accepting 200,000 dollars in bribes from this country. For 10 points each:[10] Name this country whose KCIA spy agency attempted to gain influence in Congress by funneling bribes through Park Tongsun (tohng-sun) during the 1970s. This country’s President at the time was Park Chung-hee.ANSWER: South Korea [Republic of Korea or ROK; prompt on Korea][10] This Speaker of the House was brought down by the Koreagate scandal. After Spiro Agnew’s (SPEE-roh AG-noo’s) resignation, this politician was second-in-line to President Nixon until Gerald Ford’s appointment as Vice President.ANSWER: Carl Albert[10] As Speaker, Albert reached the highest political office of anyone from this state, whose two statues in the Capitol Building are of Sequoyah and Will Rogers. Prominent politicians from this state include Mary Fallin and Scott Pruitt.ANSWER: Oklahoma<The above question is for the category History American (1945-present) and was written by Nitin Rao>

17. Answer the following about parameter estimation in statistics, for 10 points each.[10] In this frequentist technique, the parameter estimates are those under which the observed data would be most probable to occur. ANSWER: maximum likelihood estimation [or MLE][10] Often contrasted with the frequentist approach, this method of inference uses both a prior distribution on the parameter space and a likelihood function to obtain a posterior distribution for the parameters. ANSWER: Bayesian inference [10] The MLE is equivalent to picking the posterior mode in the Bayesian framework when this prior distribution is imposed. When this distribution is discrete, every outcome in the sample space has the same probability of occurring. ANSWER: uniform distribution <The above question is for the category Science Math and was written by Tim Morrison>

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18. Statues of this deity called Mizuko or “water child” are dressed in red caps and bibs to memorialize and entreat the protection of miscarried, aborted, or stillborn fetuses. For 10 points each:[10] Name this bodhisattva who vowed to remain until all hells are emptied, and is thought to help deceased children in those worlds.ANSWER: Ojizō-sama (oh-jee-ZOH-sah-ma) [or Kṣitigarbha; or Dìzàng; or Jijang][10] The practice of Mizuko kuyō is common in this east-Asian country, where Buddhism is syncretized with the native religion, Shintoism.ANSWER: Japan [or Nippon-koku][10] In the nineteenth century, the Japanese government tried to end the syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism, known as Shinbutsu-shūgō. That word for this syncretism refers to the “jumbling up” of Buddhas and these figures, the beings revered in Shinto practice, which range from ancestral spirits to personifications of natural phenomena.ANSWER: kami<The above question is for the category RMP Non-Christian/Bible Religion and was written by John Marvin>

19. In Karel Hynek Macha’s Máj (my), the lover Jarmila and Vilem think about each other from opposite sides of one of these locations. For 10 points each:[10] A poem by Alphonse de Lamartine mourns how Julie Charles cannot revisit a beautiful example of what sort of place where they had spent the previous summer?ANSWER: lake [or Le Lac][10] Lamartine was annoyed with the way that the poem finished and this published an alternative ending in 1825. This semi-autobiographical work chronicled its English author’s melancholic journey across Europe, and its title references a candidate for knighthood.ANSWER: Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage[10] Lamartine’s own journeys inspired his sensational novel Graziella in which a Frenchman falls in love with a fisherman’s daughter in this city. Elena Ferrante has set a series of books in this city in southern Italy, the subject of Roberto Saviano’s Gomorrah.ANSWER: Naples [or Napoli]<The above question is for the category Literature European and was written by Daoud Jackson>

20. Panoramic photos aren’t just for people with smartphones on top of tall buildings. For 10 points each:[10] This Canadian photographer took a 180 degree photo of workers mending a panoramic painting in his photo Restoration. He was inspired by A Bar at the Folies-Bergères (foh-LEE-bair-JAIR) to take the photo Picture for Women.ANSWER: Jeff Wall[10] This British artist has created many panoramic photo-collages called “joiners” but is better known for paintings such as Mr and Mrs Clark and Percy.ANSWER: David Hockney[10] Ed Ruscha took a photograph of four kilometers of road in this city in his photo Every building on the Sunset Strip. ANSWER: Los Angeles<The above question is for the category Arts Photography and was written by Daoud Jackson>

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Extra. The frame story of this poem involves the title character repeatedly falling asleep in the Malvern Hills, before seeing visions including a “fair field full of folk,” representing all of mankind. For 10 points each:[10] Name this poem by William Langland. Its protagonist visits the allegorical characters Do-Well, Do-Better and Do-Best in his quest for the true Christian life.ANSWER: “Piers Plowman” [or “William’s Vision of Piers Plowman”][10] Each vision in Piers Plowman is subdivided into these short sections, roughly analogous to cantos. They are known by either a Latin or English name.ANSWER: Passus or steps[10] This possible contemporary of Langland wrote Patience, Cleanness, and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.ANSWER: the Pearl Poet<The above question is for the category Literature British Non-Shakespeare and was written by Joseph Krol>

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