P1 foundation

House Insulation Methods

How many can you name?

savings payback time draught proofing cavity insulation

cheapest double glazing

highest savings loft insulation

budget cost 6 years

R M IR V UV X G

Uses

Dangers

Long frequency

Low

wavelengthHigh

energy

No dangers least most

dangerous

Long wavelengthHigh frequencyHigh energy

Long wavelengthLow frequencyLow energy

Radiowaves

Microwaves

Infra-red

Visible

Ultra-violet

X-rayGamma rays

Uses

DangersHeating water

in tissue – can burn

Can burn skin over

time

Can damage eyes if too

intense

Burns skin, can cause

skin cancer

High doses can kill healthy cells

Even low doses can kill healthy

cells

Transmits information over radios

Cooking food and mobiles

Remote controls and

thermal imaging

Seeing, optical fibres

Sun beds, fluorescent

tubing, security marking

Taking pictures of bones

Killing cancer cells, sterilising

hospital equipment

P1 higher

Does it reduce conduction, convection or radiation?

conduction convection radiation air insulatorkinetic energy energy loss windows walls savings

particles transfer thickness dense heat

Energy = mass x SHC x change in temptransferred

Units

EnergyMass

Specific heat capacityTemperature

JKg

J/KgoCoC

R M IR V UV X G

Uses

Dangers

Long frequency

Low

wavelengthHigh

energy

No dangers least most

dangerous

Long wavelengthHigh frequencyHigh energy

Long wavelengthLow frequencyLow energy

Radiowaves

Microwaves

Infra-red

Visible

Ultra-violet

X-rayGamma rays

Uses

DangersHeating water

in tissue – can burn

Can burn skin over

time

Can damage eyes if too

intense

Burns skin, can cause

skin cancer

High doses can kill healthy cells

Even low doses can kill healthy

cells

Transmits information over radios

Cooking food and mobiles

Remote controls and

thermal imaging

Seeing, optical fibres

Sun beds, fluorescent

tubing, security marking

Taking pictures of bones

Killing cancer cells, sterilising

hospital equipment

P2 foundation

Alpha Beta Gamma

Most ionising

Penetrating Used to treat cancer sterilise

equipment

Stopped by aluminium

Stopped by paper

Used in smoke alarm

Most penetrating Used in paper mills

Least ionising

Least penetrating

Reduced by lead/ concrete

Ionising

Alpha Beta GammaMost ionisingUsed in smoke

alarmsLeast penetratingStopped by paper

IonisingUsed in paper

millsPenetratingStopped by aluminium

Least ionisingUsed to treat cancer /

sterilise equipmentMost penetrating

Reduced by concrete or lead

Uranium: alpha, long half life, very radioactive, needs cooling, buried in glass, not penetratingIodine: highly penetrating, beta and gamma, short half life, very radioactive, need cooling, thick walled containers, metres of concrete,

Mixed: short half life, slightly radioactive, land fill, deep underground, concrete, highly penetrating

Meteor

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OGbgt5bN-g0

P2 higher

Alpha Beta Gamma

Alpha Beta Gamma

Most ionisingUsed in smoke

alarmsLeast penetratingStopped by paper2 protons and 2

neutrons

IonisingUsed in paper

millsPenetratingStopped by aluminium

A fast moving electron

Least ionisingUsed to treat cancer /

sterilise equipmentMost penetrating

Reduced by concrete or lead

An electromagnetic wave

Uranium: alpha, long half life, very radioactive, needs cooling, buried in glass, not penetratingIodine: highly penetrating, beta and gamma, short half life, very radioactive, need cooling, thick walled containers, metres of concrete,

Mixed: short half life, slightly radioactive, land fill, deep underground, concrete, highly penetrating

Red shift and big bang

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U-OUP_mXMCw

Red shift and big bangWe know the universe is expanding because of the Doppler effect. You may have noticed that when an ambulance or police car goes past, its siren is high-pitched as it comes towards you, then becomes low-pitched as it goes away. This effect, where there is a change in frequency and wavelength, is called the Doppler effect and it doesn't only happen with sound.

We can see it happening with light when we look at distant stars. The light is being stretched towards the red end of the spectrum because the object is moving away from us, just as it was with the police car. Evidence for this is shown by the location of these black lines in the spectrum of our Sun and in other stars. The black lines are where different elements such as helium absorb light. They are shifted towards the red end of the spectrum because of the Doppler effect. But be careful, just because things moving away from us are shifted towards the red end of the spectrum, doesn't mean they necessarily look red, they just have a longer wavelength.