P A V I N G :

Method for Selecting Paving Materialsfor a Multi-Use Area

(Look Out Below!)

Multi-Use Area: How to Select the Right Paving Materials?

There are many varied factors which may influence paving selection.

We must look at multiple criteria in order to select paving materials:

• Multiple uses, users, site conditions, opportunities and constraints.• Outside influences such as regulations, ordinances and rules.• Environmental effects of paving material and installation.• Adjacent uses and surrounding influences.• Aesthetics and Architectural style.• Practicality and Durability including long-term maintenance.• Cost is often the primary consideration of clients.

Paving Costs Are Often High...

...But can vary widelyTreated Soil Pavement

Cut Stone Patio

Paving Cost: A Client’s FIRST Consideration

Cost is usually a client’s foremost concern.

Because

Paving is often a significant percent of budget.

But

Our role as designer is to consider multiple factors in paving selection in order to best:

• Address site conditions, opportunities• Conform to regulatory requirements• Accommodate user needs

Cost

Multiple

Factors to Consider

before cost

for best design solution

Designer’s Challenge:

Balance Many Conflicting Interests

Many Important Criteria must be Considered before Cost

Array of Varied Considerations When Selecting Paving Options

User Needs Existing Conditions

Intended Use

Program Requireme

nts

Adjacent Use

Soil Stability

Practicality Durability

Maintenance

Requirements

Aesthetic Appeal

Stormwater

Treatment

Feeling / Mood

Generated

Regulatory Requiremen

ts

Access to Utilities

Health and Safety

Environmental Effects Comfort Ease of

Movement

Sustainability

Sense of Place Liability

Slope Client Preferences Architecture

Multi Use Areas

Define Project Program

Identify each use and User group

Explore various influencing factors

Multiple Uses Often Occur on the Same Site.

How shall we address all needs?

Choosing Paving Materials2. Checklist of Criteria

Project Program Definition Uses and Users Needs Site Analysis and Conditions Opportunities and Constraints Health and Safety Issues Soil and Slope Stability Regulatory Requirements Practical Considerations Sustainability & Environmental Aesthetics and “Sense of

Place”

1. Know Products and Suppliers

Be Familiar with many different Paving Materials

Develop an organized file of materials catalogs

Visit local suppliers Research local materials Create a sample inventory “Bookmark” web sites. Take pictures and observe

various paving treatments Read trade books and

magazines for creative examples

Vast Selection of Paving Materials

It is difficult to know all the materials available; new ones are developed everyday.

Still, it is our job to know...

Natural Stone Stamped Stained Concrete Paving UnitsWe must familiarize ourselves with the materials that are commonly used and learn the different locally available materials

Paving Criteria Checklist:1. Define Program

Scope of Services Client Needs Existing Conditions Problems to be

Addressed Opportunities Constraints Preferences

2. Intended Use and User Needs

Who Are The Users? What Will They Do?

3. On-Site and Surrounding Uses

Site Analysis - Identify:

Existing On-Site Uses

Adjacent Land Uses

Existing Site Conditions

Surrounding Environmental Factors

4. Health and SafetyWith uses and users in mind, identify potential health and safety risks

Identify Potential Tripping Hazards

Wet Slippery Surfaces

Soft Gravel Hard to Walk On

Pollutant Potential from

Off-gassing or Runoff from synthetics

Allergies or Sensitivities to Petroleum Based Materials

Potential Degradation of Material – Future Hazards

5. Soil and Slope

Can slope be safely negotiated?

Need for Retaining Wall?

Are soils high in clay (high shrink-swell conditions)?

Proper Drainage?

Need for extra base rock or stabilizing materials?

Highly Erodible Sand?

15-13.050  Development criteria.No principal use shall be established, and no main structure shall be erected or constructed in the HR district, nor shall any building or other permit be issued therefor, unless and until the applicant has complied with the following development standards, which standards shall be in addition to, and not in lieu of, any and all other development criteria and requirements set forth in Chapters 14 and 16 of this Code:(a) Site development plan. A site development plan has been prepared and approved by the advisory agency in accord with Section 14-25.100 of the Subdivision Ordinance, and the physical location of each use and structure is as set forth on such approved plan. The planting and landscaping portion of such plan shall, insofar as is reasonably practical, provide for the retention of existing vegetation and land formations, and shall include an erosion and sediment control element setting forth reasonable mitigation measures in accord with the Excavating and Grading, and Subdivision Ordinances of the City. Grading shall be representative of adjacent topography and be an extension of natural contours insofar as reasonably practical, and shall be designed to avoid erosion, flooding, slides and other hazards. Water, sewer and other utility services, streets and other access routes which traverse any geologic or soils hazard shall be specifically engineered to eliminate the risk of failure or collapse, and setbacks from hazard areas shall be in accord with the geologic and soils investigation report and recommendations.(b) Geologic and soils report. A preliminary combined geologic and soils investigation and report prepared by a certified engineering geologist licensed by the State and by a registered civil engineer qualified in soils mechanics by the State, shall be filed in conjunction with the site development plan unless the City Geologist determines that existing information pertinent to the subdivision or site approval makes preliminary analysis or any part thereof unnecessary. The geologic and soils report shall fully and clearly present:(1) All pertinent data, interpretations and evaluations based on the most current professionally recognized soils and geologic data.(2) The significance of the data, interpretations and evaluations with respect to the actual development or implementation of the intended land use through the identification of any significant geologic problems, critically expansive soils or other unstable soil condition which, if not corrected, may lead to structural damage or future geologic problems both on and off the site.(3) Recommendations for corrective measures deemed necessary to prevent or significantly mitigate potential damage to the proposed project and adjacent properties or otherwise to insure safe development of the property.(4) Recommendations for additional investigations that should be made to insure safe development of the property.(c) Additional studies required. The City shall also require the following additional studies prior to approval of a site development plan or prior to issuance of a building permit, unless the City Geologist determines that existing information pertinent to the subdivision or the site approval provides the same data as would have been obtained from any or all of such additional studies:(1) Soil and foundation engineering investigation by a registered civil engineer addressing site preparation (clearing and stripping), grading requirements (cut and fill design and construction), pavement design, drainage (surface and subsurface), utility trench backfilling, design parameters for foundations and retaining walls, soil stability, technical plan review, and field inspection procedures.(2) With respect to any terrain on or within one hundred feet of a significant recognized landslide deposit, an investigation by a certified engineering geologist including a detailed evaluation of the natural slope conditions and recommendations for the treatment or correction of any unstable slopes. Slope stability studies may require extensive subsurface work.(3) With respect to any area within one hundred feet of a recognized trace of the potentially active Berrocal Fault, an investigation by a certified engineering geologist addressing the seismic hazards related to the nearby trace, with particular emphasis on evaluation of possible surface faulting. Investigative techniques will require subsurface trenching and possibly geophysical traverses unless clear evidence is presented to show that no fault crosses the site of a habitable structure.(4) A slope stability analysis showing the building site and its immediately surrounding area having a factor of safety against failure of at least 1.5 or equivalent, in the event of an earthquake on the San Andreas Fault having a magnitude of 8.3 on the Richter scale.(d) Inspection reports. The results of the geologic and soil investigations referred to in subsections (b) and (c) of this Section shall be reviewed and approved by the City and shall become conditions of approval of a development proposal. The soils engineer and the engineering geologist may be required to submit reports during grading, during construction, and following completion of the project. The final report shall affirm that the grading and foundation excavations were done under the supervision of a soils engineer and/or engineering geologist, shall describe the as-built condition of the project, and shall contain such other information as may be required by the City

6. Regulatory Requirements

Research and Identify local and state paving codes, ordinances and regulations that apply to your project.

Find out if local authorities require authorized contractors to perform paving work.

Paving regulations may include issues such as heat island effect, permeability, storm water runoff, subsurface drainage, percent lot coverage, glare, safety, etc.

Access to Utilities: serviced with brick / pavers laid on sand or DG, but not concrete.

Will lighting, irrigation and drain lines be accessible under pavement?

7. Practicality and Utility Access

8. Comfort & Ease of Movement

What are the comfort needs?

Workers/Vendors Standing Long Hours?

Jogging Paths provide some flexibility?

Maintenance personnel able to transport carts, tools / equipment with ease?

Are there regularly scheduled events such as festivals / concerts?

Is there adequate room, appropriate paving surface for these gatherings?

9. Sustainability / Environmental Effects

Sustainability means caring for the environment. Potential paving impacts on the environment are:

Impermeability (Reduced Ground Water Recharge)

High Transport Energy Requirement (use of local materials best)

Heat Island Effect (dark paving=high solar /heat radiation

Increased Stormwater runoff and non-source pollution of waterways

Lower carbon dioxide absorpsion with fewer trees

Adverse wildlife effects due to disruption of migration corridors.

8. Durability and Maintenance

How will the paving selection hold up over time?

What is the expected life of the product?

What is the time frame needed for product life?

How frequently will the paving material need routine maintenance?

Is it suitable for the use?

Aesthetics and Architecture

Use of Color, Form, Texture, Contrast

Pattern, Unity, Form Point, Line and Plane Blend and Harmonize

with Architecture and Surrounding Uses

Sensory Effects: Sight (a sense of beauty or ugliness), Sound (when walked/driven on), Touch (barefoot feeling), and even Scent (as in a Pine Bark Mulch Path)

The Feel of the Pavement, Creating an Appropriate “Sense of Place”

WhimsySurprise

ArtEarthiness

Review: Selecting Paving Material for A Multi-Use Area

Many Important Factors to Consider Before Cost Know Your Materials, Suppliers, and Local Sources Use a Checklist to Consider all the Applicable Criteria: Program, Use and Users, Site Analysis & Adjacent

Uses Health and Safety, Soil and Slope, Regulations Practicality, Durability, Sustainability, Maintenance Aesthetics, Architecture, Beauty and Sense of Place Finally, you may consider COST! (Don’t Worry - The Client will Remind You)

The Wonderful World of Paving!