overview of .net framework - download.microsoft.com · presentation asp.net (webforms, mvc, dynamic...
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.NET Framework 4.0
Network support and managed
services
.NET Framework Current "Layer Cake"
.NET Framework 2.0 + SP1
Windows Presentation Foundation
Windows Communication
Foundation
Windows Workflow Foundation
Windows CardSpace
.NET Framework 3.0 + SP1
.NET Framework 3.5
LINQWF & WCF
Enhancements
Add-in Framework
Additional Enhancements
.NET Framework 3.5 + SP1
MVC Dynamic Data Entity Framework Data Services
Core
Services
.NET Framework 4.0
Base Class Library
Common Language Runtime
Windows Workflow
Foundation
Managed Extensibility Framework
Data ServicesWindows
Communication Foundation
“Velocity”
User Interface
Windows Presentation Foundation
ASP.NET(WebForms, MVC,
Dynamic Data)
Data Access
Entity Framework
LINQ
ADO.NET
Parallel Extensions
WinForms LINQ to SQL
LanguagesDynamic Language
Runtime
Whats New In Base Class Library
•Declaration & consumption of extensibility points
•Monitoring for new runtime extension
Managed Extensibility Framework
•BigInteger
•ComplexNumber
•Tuple
•SortedSet
New Data Types
•Memory Mapped Files
•Unified Cancelling Model
I/O Improvements
Managed Extensibility Framework
Create reusable components
Don’t we already have reusable components?No need to create infrastructure from scratch
MEF is dynamically composed
What’s so dynamic about itCurrent plugin model tied to specific apps
Same component cannot be used across apps
Discoverable at runtime
Tagging for rich queries and filtering
MEF Architecture
MEF
CatalogDiscovers and maintain extensions
CompositionContainerCoordinate creations and satisfy dependencies
ComposablePartOffer on or more exports
May depend on imports for extension it uses
New Language Features
C# 4.0Named Parameters
Optional Parameters
Dynamic Scoping
Generic Variance
Extension Property
VB.NET 10
Statement Lambdas
Multiline Lambdas
Auto implemented Properties
Collection Initializ er
Generic Variance
Extension Property
Optional and Named Parameter
Some methods have excessive parameters
Too many overloads of methods
Most aren’t used in everyday scenario
Developers still have to supply default values
Heavy use of Type.Missing
Comma counting is a pain
Difficult to remember parameter by position
Overload Of Overloads
class Book{
// Multiple constructorsBook() : this(“”, “”, “”, ){}
Book(string isbn) : this(isbn, “”, “”, 0){}
Book(string isbn, string title) : this(isbn, title, “”, 0){}
Book(string isbn, string title, string author) : this(isbn, title, author, 0){}
// Master Constructor which gets called by othersBook(string isbn, string title, string author, int pages){
// Do the actual work here}
}
Optional Parameters
class Book{
// Use optional parametersBook(string isbn=“”, string title=“”, string author=“”, int pages=0){
// Do the actual work here}
}
:::Book book = new Book(“1-43254-333-1”);Book book = new Book(“1-43254-333-1”, “How not to code”);Book book = new Book(“1-43254-333-1”, “How not to code”, “Copy Paster”);Book book = new Book(“1-43254-333-1”, 240); // Cannot skip parameters
Named Parameter
class Book{
// Use optional parametersBook(string isbn=“”, string title=“”, string author=“”, int pages=0){
// Do the actual work here}
}
:::Book book = new Book(isbn:“1-43254-333-1”);Book book = new Book(isbn:“1-43254-333-1”, title:“How not to code”);Book book = new Book(isbn:“1-43254-333-1”, title:“How not to code”, author:“Copy Paster”);Book book = new Book(isbn:“1-43254-333-1”, pages:240);
Dynamic scoping
C# is static type languagesTypes are explicitly defined
Methods are bound at runtime
Dynamic dispatch existsReflection API
Method.Invoke() is tedious
COM Automation is based on IDispatchMay not have .TLB
Lookup can be purely runtime
Certain Application Types require DynamismE.g. SOAP/REST proxies
Dynamic in .NET 4.0
CLR is mostly static typeCompile time type checking (e.g. IUnknown)
DLR added dynamism to .NETRun time type checking (e.g. IDispatch)
DLR is now part of .NET 4.0 APIFull support of IronRuby, IronPython
Dynamic dispatch now built into .NET/C#
Dynamic Dispatch
Introduction of type – dynamicCompiler merely packages information
Compiler defers binding to runtime
Built-in support for COM CallsUses IDispatch interface
PIA not required
Runtime binding for framework objects
Build your own – IDynamicObjectIronPython, IronRuby use this
E.g. RestProxy
Dynamic Data Type
Isnt Object type dynamic already?
.NET already has var, why add dynamic?
Object – Static type, base class
var – is ALSO static type, compiler inferred
dynamic – Evaluation deferred
Dynamic implementation
dynamic d = GetFlyingObject(“Superman”);d.Fly(); // Up, up and away
dynamic d = GetFlyingObject(“AirPlane”);d.Fly(); // Take off
dynamic d = GetFlyingObject(“Cat”);d.Fly(); // OOPS… but at runtime
Variance
CovarianceSimilar to base reference to derived class
Covariance is applied to arrays, delegates..
ContravarianceSimilar to derived instance passed to base
Changes to Variance
Variance can now be applied to InterfacesVariant types supports interfaces and delegates
Variance applies to reference conversion only
Value types are not supported
CovarianceRequires the use of “out” keyword
ContravariantRequires the use of “in” keyword
It could be automatically inferred but that could lead to code-breaking when interface definition changes
Code Contracts
FoundationDesign by contract
Based on MSR’s SPEC#
What does it bring?Improved testability
Static verification
API Documentation
How does it help?Guarantee obligations on entry (parameter validations)
Guarantee property at exit (return value range)
Maintain property during execution (object invariance)
Code Contracts
New namespace in .NETSystem.Diagnostics.Contracts
Parameter validationContract.Requires()
Return value guaranteeContract.Ensures()
Object state guaranteeContract.Invariant()
Code Contracts
Compile generates the IL code
Contracts are conditionally compiled
Define CONTRACTS_FULL to enable
Parallelism in .NET 4.0
Don’t we have multithreading and ThreadPool?Requires too much work
Requires understanding of nitty-gritties
Bifurcated thinking for single CPU vs. multi
What does parallelism bring in?Make multicore programming simple
Automatcially handle single vs. multicore
Focus on “what” rather than “how”
Parallels in .NET
Task Parallel Library (TPL)Task and Data Parallelism
LINQ to Parallel (PLINQ)Use LINQ to implement parallelism on queries
Coordinated Data StructuresHigh performance collection classes which are lock free and thread safe
Parallel Diagnostic ToolsParallels Debugger and VSTS Profiler concurrency view
Task Parallel Library
Write code which automatically uses multicore
Expose potential parallelism in sequential code
No language extension (aka Syntactic sugar) yet
Parallelism typesThe Task Class – Task Parallelism
The Parallel Class – Data Parallelism
Task ManagementTaskManager class
Use default or create your own
