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Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Proposed Low Cost, Earthquake Resistant ResidentialBuilding

SECTION CSECTION B

OVERLAP

The primary objective of this project is to implement a lowcost, earthquake resistant shelter programme for the urbanpoor in Nepal.The most vulnerable region, Kathmandu Valley,is exposed to seismic hazards and flooding. However, thesocio-economic and political systems contribute to the overallvulnerability and substandard housing design. Poor land useplanning is rampant, as typified by the Shankhamul squattersettlements.

Addressing Poverty,

Improving Safety of The

Urban Poor: A Shelter

Programme in Nepal

A geographicallyisolated mountain

nation, Nepal iscomparatively poor

and extremelyvulnerable to

natural hazards.

1 2 3 4A seismic-resistant

housing programme couldimprove overall quality oflife and provide economic

stimulation for slumpopulations.

Earthquake resistanthousing, using a simplified

base isolator design. Seismicreliability, simplicity of

construction, and low-costmaterials are key design

drivers

Acquire government andcommunity support.

Establish local base isolatormanufacturing centre.

Replace new slum housingBegin phased replacement

of slum housing with E-Proofdesign.

CONTEXT CONCEPT DESIGN PLAN

Project Overview Summary

NEPAL

E PROOF HOME

Geography and LocationKathmandu Valley is geographicallyisolated by the Himalayas.

Urbanization and HousingKathmandu is the largest urban centre in thecountry, with 5 major cities, highly vulnerabledue to uncontrolled urban growth and poorsolid waste management. Management andplanning for settlements and housing isfractured among hundreds of governmentagencies and local NGOs (World Bank,2015).

Cement FactoryAn existing cement factory near the Shankhamulsquatter settlement will be re-purposed formanufacturing of base isolators and buildingmaterials, plastic tank, gutter and roof sheeting

Risk and VulnerabilityNepal is ranked as 11th most risk country in worldin terms of relative vulnerability to earthquake.Thearea of Kathmandu Valley with a population ofalmost 1.5 million people is highly susceptible tosocial and economic loss if a major earthquakeshould strike. (World Bank,2015)

Context

Shankhamul squatter settlement

Problem

NEPALE PROOF HOME

Cement factory will beretrofitted to recycle plasticand old tires for the productionof base isolator, watertanks,gutter and roof sheeting.

Building materials for constructionof homes

"Community members (male andfemale) employed to the factory",will collect waste tires and plasticmaterial for recycling

Waste collection site for old tires

The production of base isolatorswill involve the support from theNepalese government ,privatesector and the community

Construction of E-proof home withtraditional practices, will improvethe resilience of the building toseismic hazards

Concept

Earnings collected from the saleof building materials will supportthe operations of the cement andrecycling factory

4

1

2

3

Development of Concept




natural hazards.

A seismic-resistanthousing programme couldimprove overall quality oflife and provide economic





drivers



Replace new slum housingBegin phased replacement of

slum housing with E-Proofdesign.


Design Technology for

E-Proof Home

The E-Proof home is a creative adaptation of locallysources materials and the use of recycled by productsutilizing plastic and old tires.

FloorThe basement is made of prefabricated slabs, which form the surface ofthe floor. One layer of mortar is used to join panels with the basement.The floor level of the house is above street level, in order to preventflooding during the rainy season.

Design Overview The concept of the design is to build a single storey house approximately 4.0meters tall, with the area of each floor measuring 50.0 sq. meters. Aprefabricated steel frame will be used as the main structure of the building,with a reinforced concrete foundation using a base isolation bearing.Low-damage light materials will be used for the floor, wall, and roof to increaseoccupant safety during earthquakes Walls

The walls of the house are made of prefabricated panels, including one metal panel outsideand one plastic panel inside with an insulation (glasswool) layer between. The roof and thewalls are supported by metal stubs. All panels are joint together by screws. All panels arejoined together by screws. The windows are designed to enhance ventilation and naturallighting in the houses.




natural hazards.






drivers






Design Technology for

E-Proof Home

Foundation - Base IsolatorsLarge rubber elastrometric bearings will be made from recycled tires at thefactory. Because the bearings are stiff in the vertical axis and flexible in thehorizontal axis, under seismic loading the bearing layer isolates the buildingfrom horizontal components of ground movement, while the verticalcomponents are transmitted to the structure relatively unchanged (Construction Rubber ,2012).

Roof ,Water and GutterThe E-Proof house utilizes a simple gable roof. The roof isconstructed with a double pitch with a clerestory window to allowmaximum ventilation and lighting. The plastic sheeting covering isfastened to bamboo laminate purlins and main rafters. Gutters,made from recycled materials, are used to collect water from theroof and transported from the roof and transport it to the water tank.

Floor Plan





CONTEXT DESIGN PLAN

PLAN

Leadership of the project will be undertaken bythe civil government of Nepal. The Ministry ofUrban Development will provide policy oversight,in conjunction with a steering committee toinclude community representatives andimplementation partners.Workforce will be hired from local residents, withavailable positions prioritised by economic need.Work will include collection of recyclablematerials,construction, isolator production in thefactory, and material transport.Support in the form of skilled labour and expertisewill be provided by NGO partners with previousexperience in urban development, as well as thelocal construction sector. Special job training willbe given to female based groups.Community engagement in the planning,monitoring & evaluation processes will be apriority.

FundingPrimary funding will be from the NepaleseMinistry of Urban Development,supplementedby cash from aid agencies such as the UNDevelopment Programme, and in kind supportfrom directly involved NGOs.Funding will bejustified by the key outcomes of the project:

• Reducing earthquake vulnerability• Alleviating poverty through economicstimulation• Eliminating sources of environmental waste• Improving psychosocial health for slumresidents by improving the physicalenvironment

Organizational

Approach

The conservatively estimated net presentvalue of the programme is USD $18.8 million,based on our plan to replace 4,000 homes.This estimate does not account for intangiblebenefits such as increased social resilience,reduced inequality, and other unquantifiableincreases in quality of life




natural hazards.





Replace new slum housingBegin phased replacement

of slum housing with E-Proofdesign.


PLANImplementation

Plan

Logistics & MaterialsLocal sources will be used to minimize environmental impact andmoderate transportation and procurement costs. Concrete floor panels willbe produced at the factory on isolator footing in 10”x10” sections for easytransport and installation. Other materials, including interior wall dividers,timber rafters, and plastic roof sheeting will also be sourced locally fromrecycled materials. Steel columns may need to imported and will be soughtfrom in-kind donations.

ScheduleThe construction of the first batch of homes in theprogramme will take place over 15 months, prioritizingsummer construction. The key phases of the project are:

1. Needs assessments to prioritize housing andwork programme recipients2. Retrofitting the future isolator factory andsourcing materials3. Training workers and community leaders4. Construction of E-Proof homes

overlap section b section c - université de...

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