outloutl neine -...

OutlineOutl neIntroduction

Applications

Transport LayerTransport Layer

Network Layer

LANs and WLANs

M lti di N t kiMultimedia Networking

CPSC 441 Review 1

Reference ModelsReference Models

OSI model 7-layer model application OSI model 7 layer model application presentation session transport network data link and physicalp y

TCPIP model 4-layers application y pp transport Internet and Host-to-Network

Internet Protocol Stack ndash a hybrid of TCPIP and OSI reference models

CPSC 441 Review 2

Layers and ProtocolsLayers and Protocols

Layered network architecture hellip whyLayered network architecture hellip whyReduces design complexity

The purpose of a layerhe purpose of a layerLayer-N peers converse with each other using protocols each layer provides functionality to th hi h l the a higher layer

ProtocolsA t f l i th f t d A set of rules governing the format and meaning of messages exchanges by peer entities within a layer

CPSC 441 Review 3

y

Protocols Layers and PDUrsquosProtocols Layers and PDU s

Protocol Layer PDUyHTTP FTP Application layer messageTCP UDP Transport layer segmentICMP IP Network layer datagramPPP Ethernet Data link layer frameIEEE 802 11IEEE 80211

Assuming the Internet Protocol StackAssuming the Internet Protocol Stack

CPSC 441 Review 4

More on Layers and Protocols More on Layers and Protocols

Protocol Layer Imm Lower Layery yHTTP FTP Application TransportTCP UDP Transport NetworkICMP IP Network Data LinkPPP Ethernet Data Link PhysicalIEEE 802 11IEEE 80211


CPSC 441 Review 5

InternetworksInternetworks

A collection of interconnected networks is A collection of interconnected networks is called an ldquointernetworkrdquo or an ldquointernetrdquo Internet is one example of a really big p yinternetwork

Internet structure Tier-1 ISPs Tier-2 ISPs Tier-3 ISPs NAP POP etc

CPSC 441 Review 6

Network CoreNetwork Core

Packet switching ndash a technique for Packet switching a technique for transmission of packets that allows multiple end systems to share a ldquorouterdquop y

Virtual circuit vs datagram networksCircuit switching ndash a technique that requires end-to-end resource reservation for a ldquocallrdquo

TDMA FDMATDMA FDMACircuit vs Message vs Packet Switching

CPSC 441 Review 7

DelayLoss in Packet Switched N t ksNetworks

Queuing delay and packet lossQueuing delay and packet loss

Transmission delayTransmission delay

Propagation delayPropagation delay

CPSC 441 Review 8


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 9

Application LayerAppl cat on Layer

Processes communicating across networksProcesses communicating across networksWhat is HTTP

Hypertext Transfer Protocol ndash the Webrsquos Hypertext Transfer Protocol the Web s application layer protocolHTTP 10 HTTP 11Pipelined ndash requests sent as soon as it is encounteredPersistent ndash multiple objects can be sent over a Persistent ndash multiple objects can be sent over a single TCP connection between the server and the client

CPSC 441 Review 10

HTTP Continued hellipHTTP Cont nued hellip

HTTP headersHTTP headersHow is the end of an object determined in HTTP11

HTTP methodsGET HEAD POST PUT hellip

HTTP response codes1xx 2xx 3xx 4xx 5xx

CPSC 441 Review 11

The World Wide WebThe World W de Web

What is a Web ProxyWhat is a Web ProxyWhat is a caching hierarchyCaching issues ndashCaching issues

Cache consistency issuesbull The ldquoconditional HTTP GETrdquo request

Cache replacement issuesPrefetching

Cookies ndash a means to maintain state in stateless HTTP servers

CPSC 441 Review 12

DNS Domain Name SystemD D m m y m

Internet hostsInternet hostsIP address (32 bit) - used for addressing datagramsldquonamerdquo eg wwyahoocom - used by humans

DNS provides translation between host d IP ddname and IP address

distributed database implemented in hierarchy of many name serversof many name serversDistributed for scalability amp reliability

CPSC 441 Review 13

DNS Services D

Hostname to IP address translationHost aliasingHost aliasing

Canonical and alias namesMail server aliasingMail server aliasingLoad distribution

Replicated Web servers set of IP addresses Replicated Web servers set of IP addresses for one canonical name

CPSC 441 Review 14

root DNS serverDNS Infrastructure2

3TLD DNS

DNS Infrastructure

Host at cispolyedu 4

5

TLD DNS serverp y

wants IP address for gaiacsumasseduInfr structure

local DNS serverdnspolyedu

1678

InfrastructureClient resolverLocal DNS server

1

authoritative DNS serverdnscsumassedu

8Authoritative DNS ServerRoot DNS Server

requesting hostcispolyedu

gaia cs umass edu

dnscsumassedu

Top-Level Domain DNS Server

CPSC 441 Review 15

gaiacsumassedu

Electronic Mail outgoing message queueE

Three major user mailbox

message queue

useragentm j

componentsuser agents

E d O tl k

useragent

mailserver

agent

SMTPeg Eudora Outlook Pine Netscape Messenger

mail servers

mailserver user

agent

SMTP

SMTPmail servers

Incoming outgoing messages

Push protocol SMTP

useragent

mailserver

SMTP

Push protocol ndashSMTP

Pull protocol ndash HTTP IMAP POP3

useragent

user

CPSC 441 Review 16

IMAP POP3 agent


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 17


Logical end-to-end communication between g mmprocesses running on different end systemsM lti l i d lti l iMultiplexingde-multiplexingService models UDP vs TCP

UDP provides multiplexingde multiplexingUDP provides multiplexingde-multiplexingIn addition to the above TCP provides flow control congestion control and reliable data d ldeliverySome applications use UDP while some use TCP Why

CPSC 441 Review 18

y

Reliable Delivery ConceptsRel able Del very Concepts

GBN SR ndash also called ldquostop-and-waitrdquo GBN SR also called stop and wait protocolsACK NAK SACKK K KPerformance of ldquostop-and-waitrdquo

Pipeliningp gSimilaritydifferences between TCP and the above protocolsp

CPSC 441 Review 19

TCP segment structure (12)

source port dest port

32 bitsURG urgent data

(generally not used)countingby bytes

sequence numberacknowledgement number

Receive windowFSRPAUhead not

(generally not used)

ACK ACK valid

PSH h d

by bytes of data(not segments)

Receive windowUrg data pnterchecksum

FSRPAUlen used

Options (variable length)

PSH push data now(generally not used)

RST SYN FIN

bytes rcvr willingto accept

application

Options (variable length) connection estab(setup teardown

commands) ppdata

(variable length)Internet

checksum(as in UDP)

CPSC 441 Review 20

TCP Segment Structure (22)TCP Segment Structure ( )

Sequence and acknowledgement numberingSequence and acknowledgement numberingTTLChecksum ndash compulsory in TCP but not in Checksum compulsory in TCP but not in UDPHandshaking procedures during TCP Handshaking procedures during TCP connection set-up and connection termination

SYN FIN RST fields

CPSC 441 Review 21

TCP Flow ControlTCP Flow Control

receive side of TCP sender wonrsquot overflowreceiverrsquos buffer by

flow controlf

connection has a receive buffer

receiver s buffer bytransmitting too much

too fast

speed-matching service matching the service matching the send rate to the receiving apprsquos drain

trateapp process may be slow at reading from buffer

CPSC 441 Review 22

buffer

TCP Connection EstablishmentTCP Connection Establishment

client serverCLOSED client serverCLOSED

LISTEN

Passive open

SYNSYN+ACK

Active openSYN

LISTEN

SYN_SENTSYN_RCVD

SYNSYN+ACK

SYN+ACKACK

EstablishedACK

SYN+ACKACK

Solid line for client

Dashed line for server

CPSC 441 Review 23


TCP Connection TerminationTCP Connection Termination

client serverclient serverclosing

FIN_WAIT1

FIN_WAIT2

CLOSE_WAIT

LAST_ACK

wait

_

TIME_WAIT

tim

ed

CLOSED

CLOSED

CPSC 441 Review 24

Principles of Congestion Controlp f gCongestion informally ldquotoo many sources sending too much data too fast for network to sending too much data too fast for network to handlerdquoDifferent from flow controlM if t tiManifestations

Packet loss (buffer overflow at routers)Increased end-to-end delays (queuing in router buffers)

Results in unfairness and poor utilization of network resources

Resources used by dropped packets (before they were y pp p ( ylost)RetransmissionsPoor resource allocation at high load

CPSC 441 Review 25

Congestion Control ApproachesCongest on Control ApproachesGoal Throttle senders as needed to ensure load on the network is ldquoreasonablerdquoload on the network is reasonableEnd-end congestion control

no explicit feedback from networkno explicit feedback from networkcongestion inferred from end-system observed loss delayapproach taken by TCP

Network-assisted congestion control id f db k d routers provide feedback to end systems

single bit indicating congestion (eg ECN)explicit rate sender should send at

CPSC 441 Review 26

explicit rate sender should send at

TCP Congestion Control OverviewTCP Congest on Control Overv ew

end-end control (no network assistance)end end control (no network assistance)Limit the number of packets in the network to window WRoughly

W

W is dynamic function of perceived network

rate = WRTT Bytessec

W is dynamic function of perceived network congestion

CPSC 441 Review 27

TCP Congestion ControlsTCP Congest on ControlsTahoe (Jacobson 1988)

Slow StartCongestion AvoidanceFast RetransmitFast Retransmit

Reno (Jacobson 1990)Reno (Jacobson 1990)Fast Recovery

CPSC 441 Review 28

TCP TahoeBasic ideas

Gently probe network for spare capacityD ti ll d t tiDrastically reduce rate on congestionWindowing self-clockingOther functions round trip time estimation f p m m error recovery

for every ACK if (W lt ssthresh) then W++ (SS)if (W lt ssthresh) then W++ (SS)else W += 1W (CA)

for every loss

ssthresh = W2W = 1

CPSC 441 Review 29

W = 1

TCP Reno Fast RecoveryObjective prevent `pipersquo from emptying after fast retransmit

each dup ACK represents a packet having left the pipe (successfully received)Letrsquos enter the ldquoFRFRrdquo mode on 3 dup ACKsLet s enter the FRFR mode on 3 dup ACKs

ssthresh larr W2retransmit lost packetretransmit lost packetW larr ssthresh + ndup (window inflation)Wait till W is large enough transmit new packet(s)On non dup ACK (1 RTT later)On non-dup ACK (1 RTT later)

W larr ssthresh (window deflation)enter CA mode

CPSC 441 Review 30

TCP Reno SummaryTCP Reno Summary

Fast Recovery along with Fast Retransmit Fast Recovery along with Fast Retransmit used to avoid slow startOn 3 duplicate ACKsp K

Fast retransmit and fast recoveryOn timeout

Fast retransmit and slow start

CPSC 441 Review 31

TCP Reno ThroughputTCP Reno ThroughputAverage throughout 75 WRTTThr u hput in t rms f l ss r t Throughput in terms of loss rate

MSSsdot221LRTT

MSS221

What happens if L-gt0Does link capacity matter if we experience Does link capacity matter if we experience random lossHigh-speed TCP

CPSC 441 Review 32

High speed TCP


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 33

Network LayerNetwork Layer

Transport segment from sending to Transport segment from sending to receiving hostNetwork layer protocols in every host y p y router [contrast with transportapplication layer]Main functions of network layer

Forwarding ndash moving datagrams within a routerRouting ndash determine end-to-end paths taken by packets

CPSC 441 Review 34

IP datagram formatIP t l i

ver length

32 bitsIP protocol versionnumber

header length(bytes) for

total datagramlength (bytes)head

lentype ofservice

16-bit identifierInternetchecksum

time tolive

( y )

max numberremaining hops

forfragmentationreassembly

len serviceldquotyperdquo of data flgs fragment

offsetupperlayer checksumlive

32 bit source IP address

remaining hops(decremented at

each router)

upper layer protocol

layer

32 bit destination IP address

data ( i bl l n th

upper layer protocolto deliver payload to Options (if any) Eg timestamp

record routetaken specifyhow much overhead

ith TCP (variable lengthtypically a TCP

or UDP segment)

list of routers to visit

with TCP20 bytes of TCP20 bytes of IP

CPSC 441 Review 35

= 40 bytes + app layer overhead

IPv4 AddressinggIP address 32-bit identifier for host

223111

223 1 2 1identifier for host router interfaceinterface connection

223112223114 223129

223 1 2 2

223121

between hostrouter and physical link

routerrsquos typically have

223113223122

2231327

router s typically have multiple interfaceshost may have multiple interfaces

223132223131

interfacesIP addresses associated with each interface

223111 = 11011111 00000001 00000001 00000001

CPSC 441 Review 36

interface223 1 11

Classful AddressingClassful Address ngAddresses consists of 0 Network

(7 bits)Host (24 bits)

Network partHost part

IP addresses divided into five

(7 bits)

Class A

classes A B C D and E Problems

1 Network(14 bits)

Host (16bits)0

Class B

1110 Multicast address

Class D

110 Network(21 bits)

Host (8bits)

Class C Class DClass C

1111 Future use addresses

Class E

CPSC 441 Review 37

Class E

Subnets MotivationSubnets Mot vat on

The ldquoclassfulrdquo addressing scheme proposes The classful addressing scheme proposes that the network portion of a IP address uniquely identifies one physical networky p y

Any network with more than 255 hosts needs a class B address Class B addresses can get exhausted before we have 4 billion hostsexhausted before we have 4 billion hosts

Take bits from the host number part to Take bits from the host number part to create a ldquosubnetrdquo number

CPSC 441 Review 38

Addressing in the InternetAddress ng n the InternetCIDR Classless InterDomain Routing

subnet portion of address of arbitrary lengthaddress format abcdx where x is bits in subnet portion of addresssubnet portion of addressBefore CIDR Internet used a class-based addressing scheme where x could be 8 16 or 24 gbits These corrsp to classes A B and C resp

subnet host

11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000

subnetpart

hostpart

CPSC 441 Review 39

2002316023

NAT Network Address Translation

local networkrest of

10001

10 0 0 4

(eg home network)100024

Internet

1000210004

13876297

10003

Datagrams with source or destination in this network

All datagrams leaving localnetwork have same single source destination in this network

have 100024 address for source destination (as usual)

network have same single source NAT IP address 13876297different source port numbers

CPSC 441 Review 40

Routing Algorithm Classificationg g m f1 Global decentralized Global

2 Static dynamicStaticGlobal

all routers have complete topology link cost infoldquoli k rdquo l i h

Staticroutes change slowly over time

D ildquolink staterdquo algorithmsDecentralized

router knows about

Dynamicroutes change more quickly

periodic update l k physically-connected

neighborsIterative distributed

in response to link cost changes

3 Load sensitivitycomputationsldquodistance vectorrdquo algorithms

Many Internet routing algos are load insensitive

CPSC 441 Review 41

Why Hierarchical RoutingWhy H erarch cal Rout ngscale with 200 million destinations

canrsquot store all destrsquos in routing tablesrouting table exchange would swamp links

administrative autonomyadministrative autonomyinternet = network of networkseach network admin may want to control routing in its own network

CPSC 441 Review 42

Hierarchical Routingg

aggregate routers into ldquo

Gateway routerregions ldquoautonomous systemsrdquo (AS)routers in same AS run

yDirect link to router in another AS

routers in same AS run same routing protocol

ldquointra-ASrdquo routingp t l

Establishes a ldquopeeringrdquo relationshipPeers run an ldquointer-AS protocol

routers in different AS can run different intra-AS r utin pr t c l

Peers run an inter AS routingrdquo protocol

AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2

1a 1bForwarding table is configured by both

Intra-ASRouting algorithm

Inter-ASRouting algorithm

g yintra- and inter-AS routing algorithm

Intra-AS sets entries Forwarding

table

Intra-AS sets entries for internal destsInter-AS amp Intra-As sets entries for

CPSC 441 Review 44

sets entries for external dests


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45

Link Layer IntroductionL nk Layer Introduct onSome terminology

hosts and routers are nodes

ldquolinkrdquo

communication channels that connect adjacent nodes along communication path are linksp

wired linkswireless linksLANs

layer-2 packet is a frameencapsulates datagram

data-link layer has responsibility of transferring datagram from one node

CPSC 441 Review 46

transferring datagram from one node to adjacent node over a link

ARP Address Resolution Protocol

Each IP node (Host R ) LAN h

Question how to determineRouter) on LAN has ARP tableARP Table IPMAC

MAC address of Bknowing Brsquos IP address

ARP Table IPMAC address mappings for some LAN nodes IP dd MAC dd TTL

1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778

lt IP address MAC address TTLgtTTL (Time To Live) time after which address m ppin ill b f tt n

LAN

237196723 237196714

mapping will be forgotten (typically 20 min)58-23-D7-FA-20-B0

0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788

Multiple Access Links and ProtocolsTwo types of ldquolinksrdquo

point-to-pointp pPPP for dial-up accesspoint-to-point link between Ethernet switch and host

broadcast (shared wire or medium)broadcast (shared wire or medium)traditional Ethernetupstream HFC80211 wireless LAN

CPSC 441 Review 48

Taxonomy of Multiple Access Control Protocolsy p

Three broad classesChannel PartitioningChannel Partitioning

divide channel into smaller ldquopiecesrdquo (TDM FDM Code Division Multiple Access) allocate piece to node for exclusive use

Random Accessh l t di id d ll lli ichannel not divided allow collisions

ldquorecoverrdquo from collisionsldquoTaking turnsrdquoTaking turns

Nodes take turns but nodes with more to send can take longer turns

CPSC 441 Review 49

Random Access ProtocolsRandom Access Protocols

When node has packet to sendptransmit at full channel data rate Rno a priori coordination among nodes

t t itti d ldquo lli i rdquotwo or more transmitting nodes ldquocollisionrdquorandom access MAC protocol specifies

how to detect collisionshow to detect collisionshow to recover from collisions (eg via delayed retransmissions)

Examples of random access MAC protocolsExamples of random access MAC protocolsslotted ALOHAALOHA

CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA

CSMACD (Collision Detection)CSMACD (Coll s on Detect on)CSMACD carrier sensing deferral as in CSMA

collisions detected within short timecolliding transmissions aborted reducing channel wastage wastage

collision detectioneasy in wired LANs measure signal strengths easy in wired LANs measure signal strengths compare transmitted received signalsdifficult in wireless LANs receiver shut off while transmitting

CPSC 441 Review 51

Ethernet CSMACD algorithm1 Adaptor receives

datagram from net layer amp 4 If adapter detects

another transmission while datagram from net layer amp creates frame

2 If adapter senses channel dl

another transmission while transmitting aborts and sends jam signal

5 f b d idle it starts to transmit frame If it senses channel busy waits until

5 After aborting adapter enters exponential backoff after the mth y

channel idle and then transmits

3 If d t t s its

collision adapter chooses a K at random from 0 1 2 2m-1 Adapter 3 If adapter transmits

entire frame without detecting another

012hellip2m-1 Adapter waits K512 bit times and returns to Step 2

CPSC 441 Review 52

gtransmission the adapter is done with frame

Ethernetrsquos CSMACD (more)E D (m )Jam Signal make sure all

other transmitters are Exponential Backoff

Goal adapt retransmission other transmitters are aware of collision 48 bits

Bit time 1 microsec for 10 Mbps Ethernet

Goal adapt retransmission attempts to estimated current load

heavy load random wait Mbps Ethernet for K=1023 wait time is about 50 msec

heavy load random wait will be longer

first collision choose K from 01 delay is K 512 f m y Kbit transmission timesafter second collision choose K from 0123hellipSeeinteract with Java

l b K f m

after ten collisions choose K from 01234hellip1023

applet on AWL Web sitehighly recommended

CPSC 441 Review 53

CSMACD efficiencyCSMACD eff c ency

tprop = max prop between 2 nodes in LANprop p pttrans = time to transmit max-size frame

1

transprop tt 511efficiency

+=

Efficiency goes to 1 as tprop goes to 0Goes to 1 as ttrans goes to infinityMuch better than ALOHA but still decentralized simple and cheap

CPSC 441 Review 54

Switches Routers and HubsHubs are physical layer repeaters

no CSMACD at hubD

Switch is a link layer store-and-forward deviceCSMACD i hCSMACD at switchMaintains switch tables implement filtering learning algos

Routers are network-layer store-and-forward devices

maintain routing tables implement routing algorithmsmaintain routing tables implement routing algorithms

CPSC 441 Review 55

A network with switch router and h bshubs

il to externalnetwork

router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56

Wireless Networking TechnologiesW g g

Mobile devices ndash laptop PDA cellular p p phone wearable computer hellip

Operating modesInfrastructure mode (Access Point)Ad h m dAd hoc mode

Access technologyAccess technologyBluetooth (1 Mbps up to 3 meters)IEEE 80211 (up to 55 Mbps 20 ndash 100 meters)

CPSC 441 Review 57

Infrastructure Modeinfrastructure mode

base station connects base stat on connects mobiles into wired networkhandoff mobile h b i

network infrastructure

changes base station providing connection into wired network

CPSC 441 Review 58

Ad hoc ModeAd hoc mode

no base stationsno base stat onsnodes can only transmit to other nodes within link coveragenodes organize themselves into a network route among network route among themselves

CPSC 441 Review 59

Wireless Network CharacteristicsMultiple wireless senders and receivers create

additional problems (beyond multiple access)

CA B C

AB

Arsquos signalstrength

Crsquos signalstrength

Hidden terminal problemB A hear each other

space

Signal fadingB A h h hB C hear each other

A C can not hear each othermeans A C unaware of their

B A hear each otherB C hear each otherA C can not hear each other i t f i t B

CPSC 441 Review 60

interference at B interfering at B

IEEE 80211 MAC Protocol CSMACA

80211 sender1 if h l idl f DIFS th1 if sense channel idle for DIFS then

transmit entire frame (no CD)2 if sense channel busy then

sender receiver

DIFSystart random backoff timetimer counts down while channel idletransmit when timer expires

datatransmit when timer expires

3 if no ACK increase random backoff interval repeat 2

802 11 i

SIFS

ACK80211 receiver- if frame received OK

return ACK after SIFS (ACK needed due

ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61

return ACK after SIFS (ACK needed due to hidden terminal problem)

Avoiding collisions (more)ng n (m )idea allow sender to ldquoreserverdquo channel rather than random

access of data frames avoid collisions of long data framessender first transmits small request-to-send (RTS) packets to base station using CSMA

RTSs may still collide with each other (but theyrsquore short)BS broadcasts clear-to-send CTS in response to RTSRTS heard by all nodesRTS heard by all nodes

sender transmits data frameother stations defer transmissions

Avoid data frame collisions completely using small reservation packets

CPSC 441 Review 62

Collision Avoidance RTS-CTS exchange

APA B

reservation collision

DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63

Mobile IP OverviewMob le IP Overv ew

Let routing handle it routers advertise permanent g paddress of mobile-nodes-in-residence via usual routing table exchange

routing tables indicate where each mobile located

not scalable

to millions ofrouting tables indicate where each mobile locatedno changes to end-systems

let end-systems handle it

mobiles

let end systems handle it indirect routing communication from correspondent to mobile goes through home

h f d d agent then forwarded to remotedirect routing correspondent gets foreign address of mobile sends directly to mobile

CPSC 441 Review 64

address of mobile sends directly to mobile


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65

MM Networking Applications MM Network ng Appl cat ons Fundamental

characteristicsClasses of MM

li ti characteristicsTypically delaysensitive

applications1) Streaming stored

di nd id sensitiveend-to-end delaydelay jitter

audio and video2) Streaming live audio

and video delay jitterBut loss tolerant infrequent losses

and video3) Real-time interactive

audio and video qcause minor glitches Antithesis of data

audio and videoJitter is the variability of packet delays within h k

CPSC 441 Review 66

the same packet stream

Multimedia Over ldquoBest Effortrdquo IInternet

TCPUDPIP no guarantees on delay lossg y

But you said multimedia apps requiresQoS and level of performance to be

effective

T d rsquo lti di li ti i l t

effective

Todayrsquos multimedia applications implementfunctionality at the app layer to mitigate(as best possible) effects of delay loss

CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y

How to provide better support f M lti di (14)for Multimedia (14)

Integrated services philosophy architecture f idi QOS t s i IP for providing QOS guarantees in IP networks for individual flows Fundamental changes in Internet so that Fundamental changes in Internet so that apps can reserve end-to-end bandwidthComponents of this architecture areComponents of this architecture are

Admission controlReservation protocolReservation protocolRouting protocolClassifier and route selection

CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler

Concerns with Intserv (24)( )Scalability signaling maintaining per-flow router state difficult with large number of flows ff g m f fFlexible Service Models Intserv has only two classes Desire ldquoqualitativerdquo service classes

Eg Courier xPress and normal mailEg First business and cattle class

Diffserv approachDiffserv approachsimple functions in network core relatively complex functions at edge routers (or hosts)p g ( )Donrsquot define define service classes provide functional components to build service classes

CPSC 441 Review 69

How to provide better support for Multimedia (34)for Multimedia (34)

Challenging to stream large files (eg video) from single

origin server in North America

origin server in real timeSolution replicate content at hundreds of servers at hundreds of servers throughout Internet

content downloaded to CDN servers ahead of

CDN distribution node

CDN servers ahead of timeplacing content ldquocloserdquo to

id i i user avoids impairments (loss delay) of sending content over long paths

CDN serverin S America CDN server

in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70

CDN server typically in edgeaccess network

in Europe

How to provide better support for M lti di (44)Multimedia (44)

R1 R1duplicate

creationtransmissionduplicate

MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)

Source-duplication versus in-network duplication (a) source duplication (b) in-network duplication

CPSC 441 Review 71

Reference ModelsReference Models

OSI model 7-layer model application OSI model 7 layer model application presentation session transport network data link and physicalp y

TCPIP model 4-layers application y pp transport Internet and Host-to-Network

Internet Protocol Stack ndash a hybrid of TCPIP and OSI reference models

CPSC 441 Review 2





CPSC 441 Review 3

y




CPSC 441 Review 4




CPSC 441 Review 5




CPSC 441 Review 6





CPSC 441 Review 7





CPSC 441 Review 8


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 9




CPSC 441 Review 10





CPSC 441 Review 11






CPSC 441 Review 12





CPSC 441 Review 13

DNS Services D




CPSC 441 Review 14


3TLD DNS

DNS Infrastructure


5

TLD DNS serverp y



1678


1




gaia cs umass edu

dnscsumassedu


CPSC 441 Review 15

gaiacsumassedu



message queue

useragentm j


E d O tl k

useragent

mailserver

agent


mail servers

mailserver user

agent

SMTP

SMTPmail servers


Push protocol SMTP

useragent

mailserver

SMTP



useragent

user

CPSC 441 Review 16

IMAP POP3 agent


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 17




CPSC 441 Review 18

y




CPSC 441 Review 19








ACK ACK valid

PSH h d



FSRPAUlen used



RST SYN FIN


application


commands) ppdata


checksum(as in UDP)

CPSC 441 Review 20



SYN FIN RST fields

CPSC 441 Review 21



flow controlf



too fast



CPSC 441 Review 22

buffer



LISTEN

Passive open

SYNSYN+ACK

Active openSYN

LISTEN

SYN_SENTSYN_RCVD

SYNSYN+ACK

SYN+ACKACK

EstablishedACK

SYN+ACKACK



CPSC 441 Review 23




FIN_WAIT1

FIN_WAIT2

CLOSE_WAIT

LAST_ACK

wait

_

TIME_WAIT

tim

ed

CLOSED

CLOSED

CPSC 441 Review 24





CPSC 441 Review 25





CPSC 441 Review 26




W




CPSC 441 Review 27




CPSC 441 Review 28




for every loss

ssthresh = W2W = 1

CPSC 441 Review 29

W = 1





CPSC 441 Review 30





CPSC 441 Review 31


MSSsdot221LRTT

MSS221


CPSC 441 Review 32

High speed TCP


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 33




CPSC 441 Review 34


ver length




lentype ofservice


time tolive

( y )







each router)


layer


data ( i bl l n th




or UDP segment)



CPSC 441 Review 35



223111


223112223114 223129

223 1 2 2

223121



223113223122

2231327


223132223131


223111 = 11011111 00000001 00000001 00000001

CPSC 441 Review 36

interface223 1 11





(7 bits)

Class A


1 Network(14 bits)

Host (16bits)0

Class B


Class D


Host (8bits)



Class E

CPSC 441 Review 37

Class E





CPSC 441 Review 38



subnet host

11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000

subnetpart

hostpart

CPSC 441 Review 39

2002316023



10001

10 0 0 4


Internet

1000210004

13876297

10003





CPSC 441 Review 40






router knows about







CPSC 441 Review 41




CPSC 441 Review 42










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71





CPSC 441 Review 3

y




CPSC 441 Review 4




CPSC 441 Review 5




CPSC 441 Review 6





CPSC 441 Review 7





CPSC 441 Review 8


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 9




CPSC 441 Review 10





CPSC 441 Review 11






CPSC 441 Review 12





CPSC 441 Review 13

DNS Services D




CPSC 441 Review 14


3TLD DNS

DNS Infrastructure


5

TLD DNS serverp y



1678


1




gaia cs umass edu

dnscsumassedu


CPSC 441 Review 15

gaiacsumassedu



message queue

useragentm j


E d O tl k

useragent

mailserver

agent


mail servers

mailserver user

agent

SMTP

SMTPmail servers


Push protocol SMTP

useragent

mailserver

SMTP



useragent

user

CPSC 441 Review 16

IMAP POP3 agent


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 17




CPSC 441 Review 18

y




CPSC 441 Review 19








ACK ACK valid

PSH h d



FSRPAUlen used



RST SYN FIN


application


commands) ppdata


checksum(as in UDP)

CPSC 441 Review 20



SYN FIN RST fields

CPSC 441 Review 21



flow controlf



too fast



CPSC 441 Review 22

buffer



LISTEN

Passive open

SYNSYN+ACK

Active openSYN

LISTEN

SYN_SENTSYN_RCVD

SYNSYN+ACK

SYN+ACKACK

EstablishedACK

SYN+ACKACK



CPSC 441 Review 23




FIN_WAIT1

FIN_WAIT2

CLOSE_WAIT

LAST_ACK

wait

_

TIME_WAIT

tim

ed

CLOSED

CLOSED

CPSC 441 Review 24





CPSC 441 Review 25





CPSC 441 Review 26




W




CPSC 441 Review 27




CPSC 441 Review 28




for every loss

ssthresh = W2W = 1

CPSC 441 Review 29

W = 1





CPSC 441 Review 30





CPSC 441 Review 31


MSSsdot221LRTT

MSS221


CPSC 441 Review 32

High speed TCP


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 33




CPSC 441 Review 34


ver length




lentype ofservice


time tolive

( y )







each router)


layer


data ( i bl l n th




or UDP segment)



CPSC 441 Review 35



223111


223112223114 223129

223 1 2 2

223121



223113223122

2231327


223132223131


223111 = 11011111 00000001 00000001 00000001

CPSC 441 Review 36

interface223 1 11





(7 bits)

Class A


1 Network(14 bits)

Host (16bits)0

Class B


Class D


Host (8bits)



Class E

CPSC 441 Review 37

Class E





CPSC 441 Review 38



subnet host

11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000

subnetpart

hostpart

CPSC 441 Review 39

2002316023



10001

10 0 0 4


Internet

1000210004

13876297

10003





CPSC 441 Review 40






router knows about







CPSC 441 Review 41




CPSC 441 Review 42










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71




CPSC 441 Review 4




CPSC 441 Review 5




CPSC 441 Review 6





CPSC 441 Review 7





CPSC 441 Review 8


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 9




CPSC 441 Review 10





CPSC 441 Review 11






CPSC 441 Review 12





CPSC 441 Review 13

DNS Services D




CPSC 441 Review 14


3TLD DNS

DNS Infrastructure


5

TLD DNS serverp y



1678


1




gaia cs umass edu

dnscsumassedu


CPSC 441 Review 15

gaiacsumassedu



message queue

useragentm j


E d O tl k

useragent

mailserver

agent


mail servers

mailserver user

agent

SMTP

SMTPmail servers


Push protocol SMTP

useragent

mailserver

SMTP



useragent

user

CPSC 441 Review 16

IMAP POP3 agent


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 17




CPSC 441 Review 18

y




CPSC 441 Review 19








ACK ACK valid

PSH h d



FSRPAUlen used



RST SYN FIN


application


commands) ppdata


checksum(as in UDP)

CPSC 441 Review 20



SYN FIN RST fields

CPSC 441 Review 21



flow controlf



too fast



CPSC 441 Review 22

buffer



LISTEN

Passive open

SYNSYN+ACK

Active openSYN

LISTEN

SYN_SENTSYN_RCVD

SYNSYN+ACK

SYN+ACKACK

EstablishedACK

SYN+ACKACK



CPSC 441 Review 23




FIN_WAIT1

FIN_WAIT2

CLOSE_WAIT

LAST_ACK

wait

_

TIME_WAIT

tim

ed

CLOSED

CLOSED

CPSC 441 Review 24





CPSC 441 Review 25





CPSC 441 Review 26




W




CPSC 441 Review 27




CPSC 441 Review 28




for every loss

ssthresh = W2W = 1

CPSC 441 Review 29

W = 1





CPSC 441 Review 30





CPSC 441 Review 31


MSSsdot221LRTT

MSS221


CPSC 441 Review 32

High speed TCP


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 33




CPSC 441 Review 34


ver length




lentype ofservice


time tolive

( y )







each router)


layer


data ( i bl l n th




or UDP segment)



CPSC 441 Review 35



223111


223112223114 223129

223 1 2 2

223121



223113223122

2231327


223132223131


223111 = 11011111 00000001 00000001 00000001

CPSC 441 Review 36

interface223 1 11





(7 bits)

Class A


1 Network(14 bits)

Host (16bits)0

Class B


Class D


Host (8bits)



Class E

CPSC 441 Review 37

Class E





CPSC 441 Review 38



subnet host

11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000

subnetpart

hostpart

CPSC 441 Review 39

2002316023



10001

10 0 0 4


Internet

1000210004

13876297

10003





CPSC 441 Review 40






router knows about







CPSC 441 Review 41




CPSC 441 Review 42










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71




CPSC 441 Review 5




CPSC 441 Review 6





CPSC 441 Review 7





CPSC 441 Review 8


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 9




CPSC 441 Review 10





CPSC 441 Review 11






CPSC 441 Review 12





CPSC 441 Review 13

DNS Services D




CPSC 441 Review 14


3TLD DNS

DNS Infrastructure


5

TLD DNS serverp y



1678


1




gaia cs umass edu

dnscsumassedu


CPSC 441 Review 15

gaiacsumassedu



message queue

useragentm j


E d O tl k

useragent

mailserver

agent


mail servers

mailserver user

agent

SMTP

SMTPmail servers


Push protocol SMTP

useragent

mailserver

SMTP



useragent

user

CPSC 441 Review 16

IMAP POP3 agent


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 17




CPSC 441 Review 18

y




CPSC 441 Review 19








ACK ACK valid

PSH h d



FSRPAUlen used



RST SYN FIN


application


commands) ppdata


checksum(as in UDP)

CPSC 441 Review 20



SYN FIN RST fields

CPSC 441 Review 21



flow controlf



too fast



CPSC 441 Review 22

buffer



LISTEN

Passive open

SYNSYN+ACK

Active openSYN

LISTEN

SYN_SENTSYN_RCVD

SYNSYN+ACK

SYN+ACKACK

EstablishedACK

SYN+ACKACK



CPSC 441 Review 23




FIN_WAIT1

FIN_WAIT2

CLOSE_WAIT

LAST_ACK

wait

_

TIME_WAIT

tim

ed

CLOSED

CLOSED

CPSC 441 Review 24





CPSC 441 Review 25





CPSC 441 Review 26




W




CPSC 441 Review 27




CPSC 441 Review 28




for every loss

ssthresh = W2W = 1

CPSC 441 Review 29

W = 1





CPSC 441 Review 30





CPSC 441 Review 31


MSSsdot221LRTT

MSS221


CPSC 441 Review 32

High speed TCP


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 33




CPSC 441 Review 34


ver length




lentype ofservice


time tolive

( y )







each router)


layer


data ( i bl l n th




or UDP segment)



CPSC 441 Review 35



223111


223112223114 223129

223 1 2 2

223121



223113223122

2231327


223132223131


223111 = 11011111 00000001 00000001 00000001

CPSC 441 Review 36

interface223 1 11





(7 bits)

Class A


1 Network(14 bits)

Host (16bits)0

Class B


Class D


Host (8bits)



Class E

CPSC 441 Review 37

Class E





CPSC 441 Review 38



subnet host

11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000

subnetpart

hostpart

CPSC 441 Review 39

2002316023



10001

10 0 0 4


Internet

1000210004

13876297

10003





CPSC 441 Review 40






router knows about







CPSC 441 Review 41




CPSC 441 Review 42










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71




CPSC 441 Review 6





CPSC 441 Review 7





CPSC 441 Review 8


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 9




CPSC 441 Review 10





CPSC 441 Review 11






CPSC 441 Review 12





CPSC 441 Review 13

DNS Services D




CPSC 441 Review 14


3TLD DNS

DNS Infrastructure


5

TLD DNS serverp y



1678


1




gaia cs umass edu

dnscsumassedu


CPSC 441 Review 15

gaiacsumassedu



message queue

useragentm j


E d O tl k

useragent

mailserver

agent


mail servers

mailserver user

agent

SMTP

SMTPmail servers


Push protocol SMTP

useragent

mailserver

SMTP



useragent

user

CPSC 441 Review 16

IMAP POP3 agent


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 17




CPSC 441 Review 18

y




CPSC 441 Review 19








ACK ACK valid

PSH h d



FSRPAUlen used



RST SYN FIN


application


commands) ppdata


checksum(as in UDP)

CPSC 441 Review 20



SYN FIN RST fields

CPSC 441 Review 21



flow controlf



too fast



CPSC 441 Review 22

buffer



LISTEN

Passive open

SYNSYN+ACK

Active openSYN

LISTEN

SYN_SENTSYN_RCVD

SYNSYN+ACK

SYN+ACKACK

EstablishedACK

SYN+ACKACK



CPSC 441 Review 23




FIN_WAIT1

FIN_WAIT2

CLOSE_WAIT

LAST_ACK

wait

_

TIME_WAIT

tim

ed

CLOSED

CLOSED

CPSC 441 Review 24





CPSC 441 Review 25





CPSC 441 Review 26




W




CPSC 441 Review 27




CPSC 441 Review 28




for every loss

ssthresh = W2W = 1

CPSC 441 Review 29

W = 1





CPSC 441 Review 30





CPSC 441 Review 31


MSSsdot221LRTT

MSS221


CPSC 441 Review 32

High speed TCP


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 33




CPSC 441 Review 34


ver length




lentype ofservice


time tolive

( y )







each router)


layer


data ( i bl l n th




or UDP segment)



CPSC 441 Review 35



223111


223112223114 223129

223 1 2 2

223121



223113223122

2231327


223132223131


223111 = 11011111 00000001 00000001 00000001

CPSC 441 Review 36

interface223 1 11





(7 bits)

Class A


1 Network(14 bits)

Host (16bits)0

Class B


Class D


Host (8bits)



Class E

CPSC 441 Review 37

Class E





CPSC 441 Review 38



subnet host

11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000

subnetpart

hostpart

CPSC 441 Review 39

2002316023



10001

10 0 0 4


Internet

1000210004

13876297

10003





CPSC 441 Review 40






router knows about







CPSC 441 Review 41




CPSC 441 Review 42










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71





CPSC 441 Review 7





CPSC 441 Review 8


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 9




CPSC 441 Review 10





CPSC 441 Review 11






CPSC 441 Review 12





CPSC 441 Review 13

DNS Services D




CPSC 441 Review 14


3TLD DNS

DNS Infrastructure


5

TLD DNS serverp y



1678


1




gaia cs umass edu

dnscsumassedu


CPSC 441 Review 15

gaiacsumassedu



message queue

useragentm j


E d O tl k

useragent

mailserver

agent


mail servers

mailserver user

agent

SMTP

SMTPmail servers


Push protocol SMTP

useragent

mailserver

SMTP



useragent

user

CPSC 441 Review 16

IMAP POP3 agent


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 17




CPSC 441 Review 18

y




CPSC 441 Review 19








ACK ACK valid

PSH h d



FSRPAUlen used



RST SYN FIN


application


commands) ppdata


checksum(as in UDP)

CPSC 441 Review 20



SYN FIN RST fields

CPSC 441 Review 21



flow controlf



too fast



CPSC 441 Review 22

buffer



LISTEN

Passive open

SYNSYN+ACK

Active openSYN

LISTEN

SYN_SENTSYN_RCVD

SYNSYN+ACK

SYN+ACKACK

EstablishedACK

SYN+ACKACK



CPSC 441 Review 23




FIN_WAIT1

FIN_WAIT2

CLOSE_WAIT

LAST_ACK

wait

_

TIME_WAIT

tim

ed

CLOSED

CLOSED

CPSC 441 Review 24





CPSC 441 Review 25





CPSC 441 Review 26




W




CPSC 441 Review 27




CPSC 441 Review 28




for every loss

ssthresh = W2W = 1

CPSC 441 Review 29

W = 1





CPSC 441 Review 30





CPSC 441 Review 31


MSSsdot221LRTT

MSS221


CPSC 441 Review 32

High speed TCP


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 33




CPSC 441 Review 34


ver length




lentype ofservice


time tolive

( y )







each router)


layer


data ( i bl l n th




or UDP segment)



CPSC 441 Review 35



223111


223112223114 223129

223 1 2 2

223121



223113223122

2231327


223132223131


223111 = 11011111 00000001 00000001 00000001

CPSC 441 Review 36

interface223 1 11





(7 bits)

Class A


1 Network(14 bits)

Host (16bits)0

Class B


Class D


Host (8bits)



Class E

CPSC 441 Review 37

Class E





CPSC 441 Review 38



subnet host

11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000

subnetpart

hostpart

CPSC 441 Review 39

2002316023



10001

10 0 0 4


Internet

1000210004

13876297

10003





CPSC 441 Review 40






router knows about







CPSC 441 Review 41




CPSC 441 Review 42










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71





CPSC 441 Review 8


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 9




CPSC 441 Review 10





CPSC 441 Review 11






CPSC 441 Review 12





CPSC 441 Review 13

DNS Services D




CPSC 441 Review 14


3TLD DNS

DNS Infrastructure


5

TLD DNS serverp y



1678


1




gaia cs umass edu

dnscsumassedu


CPSC 441 Review 15

gaiacsumassedu



message queue

useragentm j


E d O tl k

useragent

mailserver

agent


mail servers

mailserver user

agent

SMTP

SMTPmail servers


Push protocol SMTP

useragent

mailserver

SMTP



useragent

user

CPSC 441 Review 16

IMAP POP3 agent


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 17




CPSC 441 Review 18

y




CPSC 441 Review 19








ACK ACK valid

PSH h d



FSRPAUlen used



RST SYN FIN


application


commands) ppdata


checksum(as in UDP)

CPSC 441 Review 20



SYN FIN RST fields

CPSC 441 Review 21



flow controlf



too fast



CPSC 441 Review 22

buffer



LISTEN

Passive open

SYNSYN+ACK

Active openSYN

LISTEN

SYN_SENTSYN_RCVD

SYNSYN+ACK

SYN+ACKACK

EstablishedACK

SYN+ACKACK



CPSC 441 Review 23




FIN_WAIT1

FIN_WAIT2

CLOSE_WAIT

LAST_ACK

wait

_

TIME_WAIT

tim

ed

CLOSED

CLOSED

CPSC 441 Review 24





CPSC 441 Review 25





CPSC 441 Review 26




W




CPSC 441 Review 27




CPSC 441 Review 28




for every loss

ssthresh = W2W = 1

CPSC 441 Review 29

W = 1





CPSC 441 Review 30





CPSC 441 Review 31


MSSsdot221LRTT

MSS221


CPSC 441 Review 32

High speed TCP


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 33




CPSC 441 Review 34


ver length




lentype ofservice


time tolive

( y )







each router)


layer


data ( i bl l n th




or UDP segment)



CPSC 441 Review 35



223111


223112223114 223129

223 1 2 2

223121



223113223122

2231327


223132223131


223111 = 11011111 00000001 00000001 00000001

CPSC 441 Review 36

interface223 1 11





(7 bits)

Class A


1 Network(14 bits)

Host (16bits)0

Class B


Class D


Host (8bits)



Class E

CPSC 441 Review 37

Class E





CPSC 441 Review 38



subnet host

11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000

subnetpart

hostpart

CPSC 441 Review 39

2002316023



10001

10 0 0 4


Internet

1000210004

13876297

10003





CPSC 441 Review 40






router knows about







CPSC 441 Review 41




CPSC 441 Review 42










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 9




CPSC 441 Review 10





CPSC 441 Review 11






CPSC 441 Review 12





CPSC 441 Review 13

DNS Services D




CPSC 441 Review 14


3TLD DNS

DNS Infrastructure


5

TLD DNS serverp y



1678


1




gaia cs umass edu

dnscsumassedu


CPSC 441 Review 15

gaiacsumassedu



message queue

useragentm j


E d O tl k

useragent

mailserver

agent


mail servers

mailserver user

agent

SMTP

SMTPmail servers


Push protocol SMTP

useragent

mailserver

SMTP



useragent

user

CPSC 441 Review 16

IMAP POP3 agent


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 17




CPSC 441 Review 18

y




CPSC 441 Review 19








ACK ACK valid

PSH h d



FSRPAUlen used



RST SYN FIN


application


commands) ppdata


checksum(as in UDP)

CPSC 441 Review 20



SYN FIN RST fields

CPSC 441 Review 21



flow controlf



too fast



CPSC 441 Review 22

buffer



LISTEN

Passive open

SYNSYN+ACK

Active openSYN

LISTEN

SYN_SENTSYN_RCVD

SYNSYN+ACK

SYN+ACKACK

EstablishedACK

SYN+ACKACK



CPSC 441 Review 23




FIN_WAIT1

FIN_WAIT2

CLOSE_WAIT

LAST_ACK

wait

_

TIME_WAIT

tim

ed

CLOSED

CLOSED

CPSC 441 Review 24





CPSC 441 Review 25





CPSC 441 Review 26




W




CPSC 441 Review 27




CPSC 441 Review 28




for every loss

ssthresh = W2W = 1

CPSC 441 Review 29

W = 1





CPSC 441 Review 30





CPSC 441 Review 31


MSSsdot221LRTT

MSS221


CPSC 441 Review 32

High speed TCP


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 33




CPSC 441 Review 34


ver length




lentype ofservice


time tolive

( y )







each router)


layer


data ( i bl l n th




or UDP segment)



CPSC 441 Review 35



223111


223112223114 223129

223 1 2 2

223121



223113223122

2231327


223132223131


223111 = 11011111 00000001 00000001 00000001

CPSC 441 Review 36

interface223 1 11





(7 bits)

Class A


1 Network(14 bits)

Host (16bits)0

Class B


Class D


Host (8bits)



Class E

CPSC 441 Review 37

Class E





CPSC 441 Review 38



subnet host

11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000

subnetpart

hostpart

CPSC 441 Review 39

2002316023



10001

10 0 0 4


Internet

1000210004

13876297

10003





CPSC 441 Review 40






router knows about







CPSC 441 Review 41




CPSC 441 Review 42










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71




CPSC 441 Review 10





CPSC 441 Review 11






CPSC 441 Review 12





CPSC 441 Review 13

DNS Services D




CPSC 441 Review 14


3TLD DNS

DNS Infrastructure


5

TLD DNS serverp y



1678


1




gaia cs umass edu

dnscsumassedu


CPSC 441 Review 15

gaiacsumassedu



message queue

useragentm j


E d O tl k

useragent

mailserver

agent


mail servers

mailserver user

agent

SMTP

SMTPmail servers


Push protocol SMTP

useragent

mailserver

SMTP



useragent

user

CPSC 441 Review 16

IMAP POP3 agent


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 17




CPSC 441 Review 18

y




CPSC 441 Review 19








ACK ACK valid

PSH h d



FSRPAUlen used



RST SYN FIN


application


commands) ppdata


checksum(as in UDP)

CPSC 441 Review 20



SYN FIN RST fields

CPSC 441 Review 21



flow controlf



too fast



CPSC 441 Review 22

buffer



LISTEN

Passive open

SYNSYN+ACK

Active openSYN

LISTEN

SYN_SENTSYN_RCVD

SYNSYN+ACK

SYN+ACKACK

EstablishedACK

SYN+ACKACK



CPSC 441 Review 23




FIN_WAIT1

FIN_WAIT2

CLOSE_WAIT

LAST_ACK

wait

_

TIME_WAIT

tim

ed

CLOSED

CLOSED

CPSC 441 Review 24





CPSC 441 Review 25





CPSC 441 Review 26




W




CPSC 441 Review 27




CPSC 441 Review 28




for every loss

ssthresh = W2W = 1

CPSC 441 Review 29

W = 1





CPSC 441 Review 30





CPSC 441 Review 31


MSSsdot221LRTT

MSS221


CPSC 441 Review 32

High speed TCP


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 33




CPSC 441 Review 34


ver length




lentype ofservice


time tolive

( y )







each router)


layer


data ( i bl l n th




or UDP segment)



CPSC 441 Review 35



223111


223112223114 223129

223 1 2 2

223121



223113223122

2231327


223132223131


223111 = 11011111 00000001 00000001 00000001

CPSC 441 Review 36

interface223 1 11





(7 bits)

Class A


1 Network(14 bits)

Host (16bits)0

Class B


Class D


Host (8bits)



Class E

CPSC 441 Review 37

Class E





CPSC 441 Review 38



subnet host

11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000

subnetpart

hostpart

CPSC 441 Review 39

2002316023



10001

10 0 0 4


Internet

1000210004

13876297

10003





CPSC 441 Review 40






router knows about







CPSC 441 Review 41




CPSC 441 Review 42










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71





CPSC 441 Review 11






CPSC 441 Review 12





CPSC 441 Review 13

DNS Services D




CPSC 441 Review 14


3TLD DNS

DNS Infrastructure


5

TLD DNS serverp y



1678


1




gaia cs umass edu

dnscsumassedu


CPSC 441 Review 15

gaiacsumassedu



message queue

useragentm j


E d O tl k

useragent

mailserver

agent


mail servers

mailserver user

agent

SMTP

SMTPmail servers


Push protocol SMTP

useragent

mailserver

SMTP



useragent

user

CPSC 441 Review 16

IMAP POP3 agent


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 17




CPSC 441 Review 18

y




CPSC 441 Review 19








ACK ACK valid

PSH h d



FSRPAUlen used



RST SYN FIN


application


commands) ppdata


checksum(as in UDP)

CPSC 441 Review 20



SYN FIN RST fields

CPSC 441 Review 21



flow controlf



too fast



CPSC 441 Review 22

buffer



LISTEN

Passive open

SYNSYN+ACK

Active openSYN

LISTEN

SYN_SENTSYN_RCVD

SYNSYN+ACK

SYN+ACKACK

EstablishedACK

SYN+ACKACK



CPSC 441 Review 23




FIN_WAIT1

FIN_WAIT2

CLOSE_WAIT

LAST_ACK

wait

_

TIME_WAIT

tim

ed

CLOSED

CLOSED

CPSC 441 Review 24





CPSC 441 Review 25





CPSC 441 Review 26




W




CPSC 441 Review 27




CPSC 441 Review 28




for every loss

ssthresh = W2W = 1

CPSC 441 Review 29

W = 1





CPSC 441 Review 30





CPSC 441 Review 31


MSSsdot221LRTT

MSS221


CPSC 441 Review 32

High speed TCP


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 33




CPSC 441 Review 34


ver length




lentype ofservice


time tolive

( y )







each router)


layer


data ( i bl l n th




or UDP segment)



CPSC 441 Review 35



223111


223112223114 223129

223 1 2 2

223121



223113223122

2231327


223132223131


223111 = 11011111 00000001 00000001 00000001

CPSC 441 Review 36

interface223 1 11





(7 bits)

Class A


1 Network(14 bits)

Host (16bits)0

Class B


Class D


Host (8bits)



Class E

CPSC 441 Review 37

Class E





CPSC 441 Review 38



subnet host

11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000

subnetpart

hostpart

CPSC 441 Review 39

2002316023



10001

10 0 0 4


Internet

1000210004

13876297

10003





CPSC 441 Review 40






router knows about







CPSC 441 Review 41




CPSC 441 Review 42










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71






CPSC 441 Review 12





CPSC 441 Review 13

DNS Services D




CPSC 441 Review 14


3TLD DNS

DNS Infrastructure


5

TLD DNS serverp y



1678


1




gaia cs umass edu

dnscsumassedu


CPSC 441 Review 15

gaiacsumassedu



message queue

useragentm j


E d O tl k

useragent

mailserver

agent


mail servers

mailserver user

agent

SMTP

SMTPmail servers


Push protocol SMTP

useragent

mailserver

SMTP



useragent

user

CPSC 441 Review 16

IMAP POP3 agent


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 17




CPSC 441 Review 18

y




CPSC 441 Review 19








ACK ACK valid

PSH h d



FSRPAUlen used



RST SYN FIN


application


commands) ppdata


checksum(as in UDP)

CPSC 441 Review 20



SYN FIN RST fields

CPSC 441 Review 21



flow controlf



too fast



CPSC 441 Review 22

buffer



LISTEN

Passive open

SYNSYN+ACK

Active openSYN

LISTEN

SYN_SENTSYN_RCVD

SYNSYN+ACK

SYN+ACKACK

EstablishedACK

SYN+ACKACK



CPSC 441 Review 23




FIN_WAIT1

FIN_WAIT2

CLOSE_WAIT

LAST_ACK

wait

_

TIME_WAIT

tim

ed

CLOSED

CLOSED

CPSC 441 Review 24





CPSC 441 Review 25





CPSC 441 Review 26




W




CPSC 441 Review 27




CPSC 441 Review 28




for every loss

ssthresh = W2W = 1

CPSC 441 Review 29

W = 1





CPSC 441 Review 30





CPSC 441 Review 31


MSSsdot221LRTT

MSS221


CPSC 441 Review 32

High speed TCP


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 33




CPSC 441 Review 34


ver length




lentype ofservice


time tolive

( y )







each router)


layer


data ( i bl l n th




or UDP segment)



CPSC 441 Review 35



223111


223112223114 223129

223 1 2 2

223121



223113223122

2231327


223132223131


223111 = 11011111 00000001 00000001 00000001

CPSC 441 Review 36

interface223 1 11





(7 bits)

Class A


1 Network(14 bits)

Host (16bits)0

Class B


Class D


Host (8bits)



Class E

CPSC 441 Review 37

Class E





CPSC 441 Review 38



subnet host

11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000

subnetpart

hostpart

CPSC 441 Review 39

2002316023



10001

10 0 0 4


Internet

1000210004

13876297

10003





CPSC 441 Review 40






router knows about







CPSC 441 Review 41




CPSC 441 Review 42










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71





CPSC 441 Review 13

DNS Services D




CPSC 441 Review 14


3TLD DNS

DNS Infrastructure


5

TLD DNS serverp y



1678


1




gaia cs umass edu

dnscsumassedu


CPSC 441 Review 15

gaiacsumassedu



message queue

useragentm j


E d O tl k

useragent

mailserver

agent


mail servers

mailserver user

agent

SMTP

SMTPmail servers


Push protocol SMTP

useragent

mailserver

SMTP



useragent

user

CPSC 441 Review 16

IMAP POP3 agent


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 17




CPSC 441 Review 18

y




CPSC 441 Review 19








ACK ACK valid

PSH h d



FSRPAUlen used



RST SYN FIN


application


commands) ppdata


checksum(as in UDP)

CPSC 441 Review 20



SYN FIN RST fields

CPSC 441 Review 21



flow controlf



too fast



CPSC 441 Review 22

buffer



LISTEN

Passive open

SYNSYN+ACK

Active openSYN

LISTEN

SYN_SENTSYN_RCVD

SYNSYN+ACK

SYN+ACKACK

EstablishedACK

SYN+ACKACK



CPSC 441 Review 23




FIN_WAIT1

FIN_WAIT2

CLOSE_WAIT

LAST_ACK

wait

_

TIME_WAIT

tim

ed

CLOSED

CLOSED

CPSC 441 Review 24





CPSC 441 Review 25





CPSC 441 Review 26




W




CPSC 441 Review 27




CPSC 441 Review 28




for every loss

ssthresh = W2W = 1

CPSC 441 Review 29

W = 1





CPSC 441 Review 30





CPSC 441 Review 31


MSSsdot221LRTT

MSS221


CPSC 441 Review 32

High speed TCP


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 33




CPSC 441 Review 34


ver length




lentype ofservice


time tolive

( y )







each router)


layer


data ( i bl l n th




or UDP segment)



CPSC 441 Review 35



223111


223112223114 223129

223 1 2 2

223121



223113223122

2231327


223132223131


223111 = 11011111 00000001 00000001 00000001

CPSC 441 Review 36

interface223 1 11





(7 bits)

Class A


1 Network(14 bits)

Host (16bits)0

Class B


Class D


Host (8bits)



Class E

CPSC 441 Review 37

Class E





CPSC 441 Review 38



subnet host

11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000

subnetpart

hostpart

CPSC 441 Review 39

2002316023



10001

10 0 0 4


Internet

1000210004

13876297

10003





CPSC 441 Review 40






router knows about







CPSC 441 Review 41




CPSC 441 Review 42










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71

DNS Services D




CPSC 441 Review 14


3TLD DNS

DNS Infrastructure


5

TLD DNS serverp y



1678


1




gaia cs umass edu

dnscsumassedu


CPSC 441 Review 15

gaiacsumassedu



message queue

useragentm j


E d O tl k

useragent

mailserver

agent


mail servers

mailserver user

agent

SMTP

SMTPmail servers


Push protocol SMTP

useragent

mailserver

SMTP



useragent

user

CPSC 441 Review 16

IMAP POP3 agent


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 17




CPSC 441 Review 18

y




CPSC 441 Review 19








ACK ACK valid

PSH h d



FSRPAUlen used



RST SYN FIN


application


commands) ppdata


checksum(as in UDP)

CPSC 441 Review 20



SYN FIN RST fields

CPSC 441 Review 21



flow controlf



too fast



CPSC 441 Review 22

buffer



LISTEN

Passive open

SYNSYN+ACK

Active openSYN

LISTEN

SYN_SENTSYN_RCVD

SYNSYN+ACK

SYN+ACKACK

EstablishedACK

SYN+ACKACK



CPSC 441 Review 23




FIN_WAIT1

FIN_WAIT2

CLOSE_WAIT

LAST_ACK

wait

_

TIME_WAIT

tim

ed

CLOSED

CLOSED

CPSC 441 Review 24





CPSC 441 Review 25





CPSC 441 Review 26




W




CPSC 441 Review 27




CPSC 441 Review 28




for every loss

ssthresh = W2W = 1

CPSC 441 Review 29

W = 1





CPSC 441 Review 30





CPSC 441 Review 31


MSSsdot221LRTT

MSS221


CPSC 441 Review 32

High speed TCP


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 33




CPSC 441 Review 34


ver length




lentype ofservice


time tolive

( y )







each router)


layer


data ( i bl l n th




or UDP segment)



CPSC 441 Review 35



223111


223112223114 223129

223 1 2 2

223121



223113223122

2231327


223132223131


223111 = 11011111 00000001 00000001 00000001

CPSC 441 Review 36

interface223 1 11





(7 bits)

Class A


1 Network(14 bits)

Host (16bits)0

Class B


Class D


Host (8bits)



Class E

CPSC 441 Review 37

Class E





CPSC 441 Review 38



subnet host

11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000

subnetpart

hostpart

CPSC 441 Review 39

2002316023



10001

10 0 0 4


Internet

1000210004

13876297

10003





CPSC 441 Review 40






router knows about







CPSC 441 Review 41




CPSC 441 Review 42










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71


3TLD DNS

DNS Infrastructure


5

TLD DNS serverp y



1678


1




gaia cs umass edu

dnscsumassedu


CPSC 441 Review 15

gaiacsumassedu



message queue

useragentm j


E d O tl k

useragent

mailserver

agent


mail servers

mailserver user

agent

SMTP

SMTPmail servers


Push protocol SMTP

useragent

mailserver

SMTP



useragent

user

CPSC 441 Review 16

IMAP POP3 agent


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 17




CPSC 441 Review 18

y




CPSC 441 Review 19








ACK ACK valid

PSH h d



FSRPAUlen used



RST SYN FIN


application


commands) ppdata


checksum(as in UDP)

CPSC 441 Review 20



SYN FIN RST fields

CPSC 441 Review 21



flow controlf



too fast



CPSC 441 Review 22

buffer



LISTEN

Passive open

SYNSYN+ACK

Active openSYN

LISTEN

SYN_SENTSYN_RCVD

SYNSYN+ACK

SYN+ACKACK

EstablishedACK

SYN+ACKACK



CPSC 441 Review 23




FIN_WAIT1

FIN_WAIT2

CLOSE_WAIT

LAST_ACK

wait

_

TIME_WAIT

tim

ed

CLOSED

CLOSED

CPSC 441 Review 24





CPSC 441 Review 25





CPSC 441 Review 26




W




CPSC 441 Review 27




CPSC 441 Review 28




for every loss

ssthresh = W2W = 1

CPSC 441 Review 29

W = 1





CPSC 441 Review 30





CPSC 441 Review 31


MSSsdot221LRTT

MSS221


CPSC 441 Review 32

High speed TCP


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 33




CPSC 441 Review 34


ver length




lentype ofservice


time tolive

( y )







each router)


layer


data ( i bl l n th




or UDP segment)



CPSC 441 Review 35



223111


223112223114 223129

223 1 2 2

223121



223113223122

2231327


223132223131


223111 = 11011111 00000001 00000001 00000001

CPSC 441 Review 36

interface223 1 11





(7 bits)

Class A


1 Network(14 bits)

Host (16bits)0

Class B


Class D


Host (8bits)



Class E

CPSC 441 Review 37

Class E





CPSC 441 Review 38



subnet host

11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000

subnetpart

hostpart

CPSC 441 Review 39

2002316023



10001

10 0 0 4


Internet

1000210004

13876297

10003





CPSC 441 Review 40






router knows about







CPSC 441 Review 41




CPSC 441 Review 42










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71



message queue

useragentm j


E d O tl k

useragent

mailserver

agent


mail servers

mailserver user

agent

SMTP

SMTPmail servers


Push protocol SMTP

useragent

mailserver

SMTP



useragent

user

CPSC 441 Review 16

IMAP POP3 agent


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 17




CPSC 441 Review 18

y




CPSC 441 Review 19








ACK ACK valid

PSH h d



FSRPAUlen used



RST SYN FIN


application


commands) ppdata


checksum(as in UDP)

CPSC 441 Review 20



SYN FIN RST fields

CPSC 441 Review 21



flow controlf



too fast



CPSC 441 Review 22

buffer



LISTEN

Passive open

SYNSYN+ACK

Active openSYN

LISTEN

SYN_SENTSYN_RCVD

SYNSYN+ACK

SYN+ACKACK

EstablishedACK

SYN+ACKACK



CPSC 441 Review 23




FIN_WAIT1

FIN_WAIT2

CLOSE_WAIT

LAST_ACK

wait

_

TIME_WAIT

tim

ed

CLOSED

CLOSED

CPSC 441 Review 24





CPSC 441 Review 25





CPSC 441 Review 26




W




CPSC 441 Review 27




CPSC 441 Review 28




for every loss

ssthresh = W2W = 1

CPSC 441 Review 29

W = 1





CPSC 441 Review 30





CPSC 441 Review 31


MSSsdot221LRTT

MSS221


CPSC 441 Review 32

High speed TCP


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 33




CPSC 441 Review 34


ver length




lentype ofservice


time tolive

( y )







each router)


layer


data ( i bl l n th




or UDP segment)



CPSC 441 Review 35



223111


223112223114 223129

223 1 2 2

223121



223113223122

2231327


223132223131


223111 = 11011111 00000001 00000001 00000001

CPSC 441 Review 36

interface223 1 11





(7 bits)

Class A


1 Network(14 bits)

Host (16bits)0

Class B


Class D


Host (8bits)



Class E

CPSC 441 Review 37

Class E





CPSC 441 Review 38



subnet host

11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000

subnetpart

hostpart

CPSC 441 Review 39

2002316023



10001

10 0 0 4


Internet

1000210004

13876297

10003





CPSC 441 Review 40






router knows about







CPSC 441 Review 41




CPSC 441 Review 42










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 17




CPSC 441 Review 18

y




CPSC 441 Review 19








ACK ACK valid

PSH h d



FSRPAUlen used



RST SYN FIN


application


commands) ppdata


checksum(as in UDP)

CPSC 441 Review 20



SYN FIN RST fields

CPSC 441 Review 21



flow controlf



too fast



CPSC 441 Review 22

buffer



LISTEN

Passive open

SYNSYN+ACK

Active openSYN

LISTEN

SYN_SENTSYN_RCVD

SYNSYN+ACK

SYN+ACKACK

EstablishedACK

SYN+ACKACK



CPSC 441 Review 23




FIN_WAIT1

FIN_WAIT2

CLOSE_WAIT

LAST_ACK

wait

_

TIME_WAIT

tim

ed

CLOSED

CLOSED

CPSC 441 Review 24





CPSC 441 Review 25





CPSC 441 Review 26




W




CPSC 441 Review 27




CPSC 441 Review 28




for every loss

ssthresh = W2W = 1

CPSC 441 Review 29

W = 1





CPSC 441 Review 30





CPSC 441 Review 31


MSSsdot221LRTT

MSS221


CPSC 441 Review 32

High speed TCP


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 33




CPSC 441 Review 34


ver length




lentype ofservice


time tolive

( y )







each router)


layer


data ( i bl l n th




or UDP segment)



CPSC 441 Review 35



223111


223112223114 223129

223 1 2 2

223121



223113223122

2231327


223132223131


223111 = 11011111 00000001 00000001 00000001

CPSC 441 Review 36

interface223 1 11





(7 bits)

Class A


1 Network(14 bits)

Host (16bits)0

Class B


Class D


Host (8bits)



Class E

CPSC 441 Review 37

Class E





CPSC 441 Review 38



subnet host

11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000

subnetpart

hostpart

CPSC 441 Review 39

2002316023



10001

10 0 0 4


Internet

1000210004

13876297

10003





CPSC 441 Review 40






router knows about







CPSC 441 Review 41




CPSC 441 Review 42










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71




CPSC 441 Review 18

y




CPSC 441 Review 19








ACK ACK valid

PSH h d



FSRPAUlen used



RST SYN FIN


application


commands) ppdata


checksum(as in UDP)

CPSC 441 Review 20



SYN FIN RST fields

CPSC 441 Review 21



flow controlf



too fast



CPSC 441 Review 22

buffer



LISTEN

Passive open

SYNSYN+ACK

Active openSYN

LISTEN

SYN_SENTSYN_RCVD

SYNSYN+ACK

SYN+ACKACK

EstablishedACK

SYN+ACKACK



CPSC 441 Review 23




FIN_WAIT1

FIN_WAIT2

CLOSE_WAIT

LAST_ACK

wait

_

TIME_WAIT

tim

ed

CLOSED

CLOSED

CPSC 441 Review 24





CPSC 441 Review 25





CPSC 441 Review 26




W




CPSC 441 Review 27




CPSC 441 Review 28




for every loss

ssthresh = W2W = 1

CPSC 441 Review 29

W = 1





CPSC 441 Review 30





CPSC 441 Review 31


MSSsdot221LRTT

MSS221


CPSC 441 Review 32

High speed TCP


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 33




CPSC 441 Review 34


ver length




lentype ofservice


time tolive

( y )







each router)


layer


data ( i bl l n th




or UDP segment)



CPSC 441 Review 35



223111


223112223114 223129

223 1 2 2

223121



223113223122

2231327


223132223131


223111 = 11011111 00000001 00000001 00000001

CPSC 441 Review 36

interface223 1 11





(7 bits)

Class A


1 Network(14 bits)

Host (16bits)0

Class B


Class D


Host (8bits)



Class E

CPSC 441 Review 37

Class E





CPSC 441 Review 38



subnet host

11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000

subnetpart

hostpart

CPSC 441 Review 39

2002316023



10001

10 0 0 4


Internet

1000210004

13876297

10003





CPSC 441 Review 40






router knows about







CPSC 441 Review 41




CPSC 441 Review 42










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71




CPSC 441 Review 19








ACK ACK valid

PSH h d



FSRPAUlen used



RST SYN FIN


application


commands) ppdata


checksum(as in UDP)

CPSC 441 Review 20



SYN FIN RST fields

CPSC 441 Review 21



flow controlf



too fast



CPSC 441 Review 22

buffer



LISTEN

Passive open

SYNSYN+ACK

Active openSYN

LISTEN

SYN_SENTSYN_RCVD

SYNSYN+ACK

SYN+ACKACK

EstablishedACK

SYN+ACKACK



CPSC 441 Review 23




FIN_WAIT1

FIN_WAIT2

CLOSE_WAIT

LAST_ACK

wait

_

TIME_WAIT

tim

ed

CLOSED

CLOSED

CPSC 441 Review 24





CPSC 441 Review 25





CPSC 441 Review 26




W




CPSC 441 Review 27




CPSC 441 Review 28




for every loss

ssthresh = W2W = 1

CPSC 441 Review 29

W = 1





CPSC 441 Review 30





CPSC 441 Review 31


MSSsdot221LRTT

MSS221


CPSC 441 Review 32

High speed TCP


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 33




CPSC 441 Review 34


ver length




lentype ofservice


time tolive

( y )







each router)


layer


data ( i bl l n th




or UDP segment)



CPSC 441 Review 35



223111


223112223114 223129

223 1 2 2

223121



223113223122

2231327


223132223131


223111 = 11011111 00000001 00000001 00000001

CPSC 441 Review 36

interface223 1 11





(7 bits)

Class A


1 Network(14 bits)

Host (16bits)0

Class B


Class D


Host (8bits)



Class E

CPSC 441 Review 37

Class E





CPSC 441 Review 38



subnet host

11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000

subnetpart

hostpart

CPSC 441 Review 39

2002316023



10001

10 0 0 4


Internet

1000210004

13876297

10003





CPSC 441 Review 40






router knows about







CPSC 441 Review 41




CPSC 441 Review 42










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71








ACK ACK valid

PSH h d



FSRPAUlen used



RST SYN FIN


application


commands) ppdata


checksum(as in UDP)

CPSC 441 Review 20



SYN FIN RST fields

CPSC 441 Review 21



flow controlf



too fast



CPSC 441 Review 22

buffer



LISTEN

Passive open

SYNSYN+ACK

Active openSYN

LISTEN

SYN_SENTSYN_RCVD

SYNSYN+ACK

SYN+ACKACK

EstablishedACK

SYN+ACKACK



CPSC 441 Review 23




FIN_WAIT1

FIN_WAIT2

CLOSE_WAIT

LAST_ACK

wait

_

TIME_WAIT

tim

ed

CLOSED

CLOSED

CPSC 441 Review 24





CPSC 441 Review 25





CPSC 441 Review 26




W




CPSC 441 Review 27




CPSC 441 Review 28




for every loss

ssthresh = W2W = 1

CPSC 441 Review 29

W = 1





CPSC 441 Review 30





CPSC 441 Review 31


MSSsdot221LRTT

MSS221


CPSC 441 Review 32

High speed TCP


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 33




CPSC 441 Review 34


ver length




lentype ofservice


time tolive

( y )







each router)


layer


data ( i bl l n th




or UDP segment)



CPSC 441 Review 35



223111


223112223114 223129

223 1 2 2

223121



223113223122

2231327


223132223131


223111 = 11011111 00000001 00000001 00000001

CPSC 441 Review 36

interface223 1 11





(7 bits)

Class A


1 Network(14 bits)

Host (16bits)0

Class B


Class D


Host (8bits)



Class E

CPSC 441 Review 37

Class E





CPSC 441 Review 38



subnet host

11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000

subnetpart

hostpart

CPSC 441 Review 39

2002316023



10001

10 0 0 4


Internet

1000210004

13876297

10003





CPSC 441 Review 40






router knows about







CPSC 441 Review 41




CPSC 441 Review 42










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71



SYN FIN RST fields

CPSC 441 Review 21



flow controlf



too fast



CPSC 441 Review 22

buffer



LISTEN

Passive open

SYNSYN+ACK

Active openSYN

LISTEN

SYN_SENTSYN_RCVD

SYNSYN+ACK

SYN+ACKACK

EstablishedACK

SYN+ACKACK



CPSC 441 Review 23




FIN_WAIT1

FIN_WAIT2

CLOSE_WAIT

LAST_ACK

wait

_

TIME_WAIT

tim

ed

CLOSED

CLOSED

CPSC 441 Review 24





CPSC 441 Review 25





CPSC 441 Review 26




W




CPSC 441 Review 27




CPSC 441 Review 28




for every loss

ssthresh = W2W = 1

CPSC 441 Review 29

W = 1





CPSC 441 Review 30





CPSC 441 Review 31


MSSsdot221LRTT

MSS221


CPSC 441 Review 32

High speed TCP


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 33




CPSC 441 Review 34


ver length




lentype ofservice


time tolive

( y )







each router)


layer


data ( i bl l n th




or UDP segment)



CPSC 441 Review 35



223111


223112223114 223129

223 1 2 2

223121



223113223122

2231327


223132223131


223111 = 11011111 00000001 00000001 00000001

CPSC 441 Review 36

interface223 1 11





(7 bits)

Class A


1 Network(14 bits)

Host (16bits)0

Class B


Class D


Host (8bits)



Class E

CPSC 441 Review 37

Class E





CPSC 441 Review 38



subnet host

11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000

subnetpart

hostpart

CPSC 441 Review 39

2002316023



10001

10 0 0 4


Internet

1000210004

13876297

10003





CPSC 441 Review 40






router knows about







CPSC 441 Review 41




CPSC 441 Review 42










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71



flow controlf



too fast



CPSC 441 Review 22

buffer



LISTEN

Passive open

SYNSYN+ACK

Active openSYN

LISTEN

SYN_SENTSYN_RCVD

SYNSYN+ACK

SYN+ACKACK

EstablishedACK

SYN+ACKACK



CPSC 441 Review 23




FIN_WAIT1

FIN_WAIT2

CLOSE_WAIT

LAST_ACK

wait

_

TIME_WAIT

tim

ed

CLOSED

CLOSED

CPSC 441 Review 24





CPSC 441 Review 25





CPSC 441 Review 26




W




CPSC 441 Review 27




CPSC 441 Review 28




for every loss

ssthresh = W2W = 1

CPSC 441 Review 29

W = 1





CPSC 441 Review 30





CPSC 441 Review 31


MSSsdot221LRTT

MSS221


CPSC 441 Review 32

High speed TCP


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 33




CPSC 441 Review 34


ver length




lentype ofservice


time tolive

( y )







each router)


layer


data ( i bl l n th




or UDP segment)



CPSC 441 Review 35



223111


223112223114 223129

223 1 2 2

223121



223113223122

2231327


223132223131


223111 = 11011111 00000001 00000001 00000001

CPSC 441 Review 36

interface223 1 11





(7 bits)

Class A


1 Network(14 bits)

Host (16bits)0

Class B


Class D


Host (8bits)



Class E

CPSC 441 Review 37

Class E





CPSC 441 Review 38



subnet host

11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000

subnetpart

hostpart

CPSC 441 Review 39

2002316023



10001

10 0 0 4


Internet

1000210004

13876297

10003





CPSC 441 Review 40






router knows about







CPSC 441 Review 41




CPSC 441 Review 42










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71



LISTEN

Passive open

SYNSYN+ACK

Active openSYN

LISTEN

SYN_SENTSYN_RCVD

SYNSYN+ACK

SYN+ACKACK

EstablishedACK

SYN+ACKACK



CPSC 441 Review 23




FIN_WAIT1

FIN_WAIT2

CLOSE_WAIT

LAST_ACK

wait

_

TIME_WAIT

tim

ed

CLOSED

CLOSED

CPSC 441 Review 24





CPSC 441 Review 25





CPSC 441 Review 26




W




CPSC 441 Review 27




CPSC 441 Review 28




for every loss

ssthresh = W2W = 1

CPSC 441 Review 29

W = 1





CPSC 441 Review 30





CPSC 441 Review 31


MSSsdot221LRTT

MSS221


CPSC 441 Review 32

High speed TCP


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 33




CPSC 441 Review 34


ver length




lentype ofservice


time tolive

( y )







each router)


layer


data ( i bl l n th




or UDP segment)



CPSC 441 Review 35



223111


223112223114 223129

223 1 2 2

223121



223113223122

2231327


223132223131


223111 = 11011111 00000001 00000001 00000001

CPSC 441 Review 36

interface223 1 11





(7 bits)

Class A


1 Network(14 bits)

Host (16bits)0

Class B


Class D


Host (8bits)



Class E

CPSC 441 Review 37

Class E





CPSC 441 Review 38



subnet host

11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000

subnetpart

hostpart

CPSC 441 Review 39

2002316023



10001

10 0 0 4


Internet

1000210004

13876297

10003





CPSC 441 Review 40






router knows about







CPSC 441 Review 41




CPSC 441 Review 42










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71



FIN_WAIT1

FIN_WAIT2

CLOSE_WAIT

LAST_ACK

wait

_

TIME_WAIT

tim

ed

CLOSED

CLOSED

CPSC 441 Review 24





CPSC 441 Review 25





CPSC 441 Review 26




W




CPSC 441 Review 27




CPSC 441 Review 28




for every loss

ssthresh = W2W = 1

CPSC 441 Review 29

W = 1





CPSC 441 Review 30





CPSC 441 Review 31


MSSsdot221LRTT

MSS221


CPSC 441 Review 32

High speed TCP


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 33




CPSC 441 Review 34


ver length




lentype ofservice


time tolive

( y )







each router)


layer


data ( i bl l n th




or UDP segment)



CPSC 441 Review 35



223111


223112223114 223129

223 1 2 2

223121



223113223122

2231327


223132223131


223111 = 11011111 00000001 00000001 00000001

CPSC 441 Review 36

interface223 1 11





(7 bits)

Class A


1 Network(14 bits)

Host (16bits)0

Class B


Class D


Host (8bits)



Class E

CPSC 441 Review 37

Class E





CPSC 441 Review 38



subnet host

11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000

subnetpart

hostpart

CPSC 441 Review 39

2002316023



10001

10 0 0 4


Internet

1000210004

13876297

10003





CPSC 441 Review 40






router knows about







CPSC 441 Review 41




CPSC 441 Review 42










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71





CPSC 441 Review 25





CPSC 441 Review 26




W




CPSC 441 Review 27




CPSC 441 Review 28




for every loss

ssthresh = W2W = 1

CPSC 441 Review 29

W = 1





CPSC 441 Review 30





CPSC 441 Review 31


MSSsdot221LRTT

MSS221


CPSC 441 Review 32

High speed TCP


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 33




CPSC 441 Review 34


ver length




lentype ofservice


time tolive

( y )







each router)


layer


data ( i bl l n th




or UDP segment)



CPSC 441 Review 35



223111


223112223114 223129

223 1 2 2

223121



223113223122

2231327


223132223131


223111 = 11011111 00000001 00000001 00000001

CPSC 441 Review 36

interface223 1 11





(7 bits)

Class A


1 Network(14 bits)

Host (16bits)0

Class B


Class D


Host (8bits)



Class E

CPSC 441 Review 37

Class E





CPSC 441 Review 38



subnet host

11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000

subnetpart

hostpart

CPSC 441 Review 39

2002316023



10001

10 0 0 4


Internet

1000210004

13876297

10003





CPSC 441 Review 40






router knows about







CPSC 441 Review 41




CPSC 441 Review 42










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71





CPSC 441 Review 26




W




CPSC 441 Review 27




CPSC 441 Review 28




for every loss

ssthresh = W2W = 1

CPSC 441 Review 29

W = 1





CPSC 441 Review 30





CPSC 441 Review 31


MSSsdot221LRTT

MSS221


CPSC 441 Review 32

High speed TCP


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 33




CPSC 441 Review 34


ver length




lentype ofservice


time tolive

( y )







each router)


layer


data ( i bl l n th




or UDP segment)



CPSC 441 Review 35



223111


223112223114 223129

223 1 2 2

223121



223113223122

2231327


223132223131


223111 = 11011111 00000001 00000001 00000001

CPSC 441 Review 36

interface223 1 11





(7 bits)

Class A


1 Network(14 bits)

Host (16bits)0

Class B


Class D


Host (8bits)



Class E

CPSC 441 Review 37

Class E





CPSC 441 Review 38



subnet host

11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000

subnetpart

hostpart

CPSC 441 Review 39

2002316023



10001

10 0 0 4


Internet

1000210004

13876297

10003





CPSC 441 Review 40






router knows about







CPSC 441 Review 41




CPSC 441 Review 42










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71



W




CPSC 441 Review 27




CPSC 441 Review 28




for every loss

ssthresh = W2W = 1

CPSC 441 Review 29

W = 1





CPSC 441 Review 30





CPSC 441 Review 31


MSSsdot221LRTT

MSS221


CPSC 441 Review 32

High speed TCP


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 33




CPSC 441 Review 34


ver length




lentype ofservice


time tolive

( y )







each router)


layer


data ( i bl l n th




or UDP segment)



CPSC 441 Review 35



223111


223112223114 223129

223 1 2 2

223121



223113223122

2231327


223132223131


223111 = 11011111 00000001 00000001 00000001

CPSC 441 Review 36

interface223 1 11





(7 bits)

Class A


1 Network(14 bits)

Host (16bits)0

Class B


Class D


Host (8bits)



Class E

CPSC 441 Review 37

Class E





CPSC 441 Review 38



subnet host

11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000

subnetpart

hostpart

CPSC 441 Review 39

2002316023



10001

10 0 0 4


Internet

1000210004

13876297

10003





CPSC 441 Review 40






router knows about







CPSC 441 Review 41




CPSC 441 Review 42










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71




CPSC 441 Review 28




for every loss

ssthresh = W2W = 1

CPSC 441 Review 29

W = 1





CPSC 441 Review 30





CPSC 441 Review 31


MSSsdot221LRTT

MSS221


CPSC 441 Review 32

High speed TCP


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 33




CPSC 441 Review 34


ver length




lentype ofservice


time tolive

( y )







each router)


layer


data ( i bl l n th




or UDP segment)



CPSC 441 Review 35



223111


223112223114 223129

223 1 2 2

223121



223113223122

2231327


223132223131


223111 = 11011111 00000001 00000001 00000001

CPSC 441 Review 36

interface223 1 11





(7 bits)

Class A


1 Network(14 bits)

Host (16bits)0

Class B


Class D


Host (8bits)



Class E

CPSC 441 Review 37

Class E





CPSC 441 Review 38



subnet host

11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000

subnetpart

hostpart

CPSC 441 Review 39

2002316023



10001

10 0 0 4


Internet

1000210004

13876297

10003





CPSC 441 Review 40






router knows about







CPSC 441 Review 41




CPSC 441 Review 42










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71




for every loss

ssthresh = W2W = 1

CPSC 441 Review 29

W = 1





CPSC 441 Review 30





CPSC 441 Review 31


MSSsdot221LRTT

MSS221


CPSC 441 Review 32

High speed TCP


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 33




CPSC 441 Review 34


ver length




lentype ofservice


time tolive

( y )







each router)


layer


data ( i bl l n th




or UDP segment)



CPSC 441 Review 35



223111


223112223114 223129

223 1 2 2

223121



223113223122

2231327


223132223131


223111 = 11011111 00000001 00000001 00000001

CPSC 441 Review 36

interface223 1 11





(7 bits)

Class A


1 Network(14 bits)

Host (16bits)0

Class B


Class D


Host (8bits)



Class E

CPSC 441 Review 37

Class E





CPSC 441 Review 38



subnet host

11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000

subnetpart

hostpart

CPSC 441 Review 39

2002316023



10001

10 0 0 4


Internet

1000210004

13876297

10003





CPSC 441 Review 40






router knows about







CPSC 441 Review 41




CPSC 441 Review 42










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71





CPSC 441 Review 30





CPSC 441 Review 31


MSSsdot221LRTT

MSS221


CPSC 441 Review 32

High speed TCP


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 33




CPSC 441 Review 34


ver length




lentype ofservice


time tolive

( y )







each router)


layer


data ( i bl l n th




or UDP segment)



CPSC 441 Review 35



223111


223112223114 223129

223 1 2 2

223121



223113223122

2231327


223132223131


223111 = 11011111 00000001 00000001 00000001

CPSC 441 Review 36

interface223 1 11





(7 bits)

Class A


1 Network(14 bits)

Host (16bits)0

Class B


Class D


Host (8bits)



Class E

CPSC 441 Review 37

Class E





CPSC 441 Review 38



subnet host

11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000

subnetpart

hostpart

CPSC 441 Review 39

2002316023



10001

10 0 0 4


Internet

1000210004

13876297

10003





CPSC 441 Review 40






router knows about







CPSC 441 Review 41




CPSC 441 Review 42










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71





CPSC 441 Review 31


MSSsdot221LRTT

MSS221


CPSC 441 Review 32

High speed TCP


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 33




CPSC 441 Review 34


ver length




lentype ofservice


time tolive

( y )







each router)


layer


data ( i bl l n th




or UDP segment)



CPSC 441 Review 35



223111


223112223114 223129

223 1 2 2

223121



223113223122

2231327


223132223131


223111 = 11011111 00000001 00000001 00000001

CPSC 441 Review 36

interface223 1 11





(7 bits)

Class A


1 Network(14 bits)

Host (16bits)0

Class B


Class D


Host (8bits)



Class E

CPSC 441 Review 37

Class E





CPSC 441 Review 38



subnet host

11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000

subnetpart

hostpart

CPSC 441 Review 39

2002316023



10001

10 0 0 4


Internet

1000210004

13876297

10003





CPSC 441 Review 40






router knows about







CPSC 441 Review 41




CPSC 441 Review 42










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71


MSSsdot221LRTT

MSS221


CPSC 441 Review 32

High speed TCP


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 33




CPSC 441 Review 34


ver length




lentype ofservice


time tolive

( y )







each router)


layer


data ( i bl l n th




or UDP segment)



CPSC 441 Review 35



223111


223112223114 223129

223 1 2 2

223121



223113223122

2231327


223132223131


223111 = 11011111 00000001 00000001 00000001

CPSC 441 Review 36

interface223 1 11





(7 bits)

Class A


1 Network(14 bits)

Host (16bits)0

Class B


Class D


Host (8bits)



Class E

CPSC 441 Review 37

Class E





CPSC 441 Review 38



subnet host

11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000

subnetpart

hostpart

CPSC 441 Review 39

2002316023



10001

10 0 0 4


Internet

1000210004

13876297

10003





CPSC 441 Review 40






router knows about







CPSC 441 Review 41




CPSC 441 Review 42










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 33




CPSC 441 Review 34


ver length




lentype ofservice


time tolive

( y )







each router)


layer


data ( i bl l n th




or UDP segment)



CPSC 441 Review 35



223111


223112223114 223129

223 1 2 2

223121



223113223122

2231327


223132223131


223111 = 11011111 00000001 00000001 00000001

CPSC 441 Review 36

interface223 1 11





(7 bits)

Class A


1 Network(14 bits)

Host (16bits)0

Class B


Class D


Host (8bits)



Class E

CPSC 441 Review 37

Class E





CPSC 441 Review 38



subnet host

11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000

subnetpart

hostpart

CPSC 441 Review 39

2002316023



10001

10 0 0 4


Internet

1000210004

13876297

10003





CPSC 441 Review 40






router knows about







CPSC 441 Review 41




CPSC 441 Review 42










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71




CPSC 441 Review 34


ver length




lentype ofservice


time tolive

( y )







each router)


layer


data ( i bl l n th




or UDP segment)



CPSC 441 Review 35



223111


223112223114 223129

223 1 2 2

223121



223113223122

2231327


223132223131


223111 = 11011111 00000001 00000001 00000001

CPSC 441 Review 36

interface223 1 11





(7 bits)

Class A


1 Network(14 bits)

Host (16bits)0

Class B


Class D


Host (8bits)



Class E

CPSC 441 Review 37

Class E





CPSC 441 Review 38



subnet host

11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000

subnetpart

hostpart

CPSC 441 Review 39

2002316023



10001

10 0 0 4


Internet

1000210004

13876297

10003





CPSC 441 Review 40






router knows about







CPSC 441 Review 41




CPSC 441 Review 42










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71


ver length




lentype ofservice


time tolive

( y )







each router)


layer


data ( i bl l n th




or UDP segment)



CPSC 441 Review 35



223111


223112223114 223129

223 1 2 2

223121



223113223122

2231327


223132223131


223111 = 11011111 00000001 00000001 00000001

CPSC 441 Review 36

interface223 1 11





(7 bits)

Class A


1 Network(14 bits)

Host (16bits)0

Class B


Class D


Host (8bits)



Class E

CPSC 441 Review 37

Class E





CPSC 441 Review 38



subnet host

11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000

subnetpart

hostpart

CPSC 441 Review 39

2002316023



10001

10 0 0 4


Internet

1000210004

13876297

10003





CPSC 441 Review 40






router knows about







CPSC 441 Review 41




CPSC 441 Review 42










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71


223111


223112223114 223129

223 1 2 2

223121



223113223122

2231327


223132223131


223111 = 11011111 00000001 00000001 00000001

CPSC 441 Review 36

interface223 1 11





(7 bits)

Class A


1 Network(14 bits)

Host (16bits)0

Class B


Class D


Host (8bits)



Class E

CPSC 441 Review 37

Class E





CPSC 441 Review 38



subnet host

11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000

subnetpart

hostpart

CPSC 441 Review 39

2002316023



10001

10 0 0 4


Internet

1000210004

13876297

10003





CPSC 441 Review 40






router knows about







CPSC 441 Review 41




CPSC 441 Review 42










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71





(7 bits)

Class A


1 Network(14 bits)

Host (16bits)0

Class B


Class D


Host (8bits)



Class E

CPSC 441 Review 37

Class E





CPSC 441 Review 38



subnet host

11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000

subnetpart

hostpart

CPSC 441 Review 39

2002316023



10001

10 0 0 4


Internet

1000210004

13876297

10003





CPSC 441 Review 40






router knows about







CPSC 441 Review 41




CPSC 441 Review 42










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71





CPSC 441 Review 38



subnet host

11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000

subnetpart

hostpart

CPSC 441 Review 39

2002316023



10001

10 0 0 4


Internet

1000210004

13876297

10003





CPSC 441 Review 40






router knows about







CPSC 441 Review 41




CPSC 441 Review 42










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71



subnet host

11001000 00010111 00010000 00000000

subnetpart

hostpart

CPSC 441 Review 39

2002316023



10001

10 0 0 4


Internet

1000210004

13876297

10003





CPSC 441 Review 40






router knows about







CPSC 441 Review 41




CPSC 441 Review 42










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71



10001

10 0 0 4


Internet

1000210004

13876297

10003





CPSC 441 Review 40






router knows about







CPSC 441 Review 41




CPSC 441 Review 42










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71






router knows about







CPSC 441 Review 41




CPSC 441 Review 42










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71




CPSC 441 Review 42










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71










AS routing protocol

CPSC 441 Review 43

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71

Interconnected ASes

3

Interconnected ASes

3b3a

1c2aAS3

AS2

2c2b

3c

1d AS1AS2






table


CPSC 441 Review 44



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 45



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71



ldquolinkrdquo





CPSC 441 Review 46







1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71






1A-2F-BB-76-09-AD

237 196 7 23

237196778


LAN

237196723 237196714


0C-C4-11-6F-E3-98

71-65-F7-2B-08-53

CPSC 441 Review 47

F237196788




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71




CPSC 441 Review 48







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71







CPSC 441 Review 49






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71






CPSC 441 Review 50

CSMA CSMACD CSMACA




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71




CPSC 441 Review 51









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71









3 If d t t s its




CPSC 441 Review 52










l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71









l b K f m



CPSC 441 Review 53



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71



1


+=


CPSC 441 Review 54


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71


no CSMACD at hubD




CPSC 441 Review 55



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71



router

mail server

web server

switch

IP subnet

hub hubhubhub hub

CPSC 441 Review 56





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71





CPSC 441 Review 57





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71





CPSC 441 Review 58



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71



CPSC 441 Review 59



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71



CA B C

AB




space




CPSC 441 Review 60





sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71




sender receiver




802 11 i

SIFS



ACK

CPSC 441 Review 61







CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71






CPSC 441 Review 62


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71


APA B


DATA (A)defer

time

defer

CPSC 441 Review 63




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71




not scalable



mobiles



CPSC 441 Review 64



Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71


Applications


Network Layer

LANs and WLANs


Questions

CPSC 441 Review 65











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71











CPSC 441 Review 66





effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71




effective


effective


CPSC 441 Review 67

( p ) y




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71




CPSC 441 Review 68

Packet scheduler




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71




CPSC 441 Review 69










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71










in Europe

CDN serverin Asia

CPSC 441 Review 70


in Europe


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71


R1 R1duplicate


MulticastBroadcast

R1

R2

R1

R2


duplicate

R2

R3 R4

R2

R3 R4R3 R4

(a)

R3 R4

(b)


CPSC 441 Review 71

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