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Outline of the Topic: Social Groups and Social Organizations

I.  Concepts of Social Group and Social Organizations

a.  Aggregates - refers to a cluster of people who may be on

close physical proximity but do not interact with one

another.b.  Collectivity - refers to a cluster of people interacting with one another in a

passing or short-lived manner.

c.  Social Category - refers to a collection of people who are

classified or categorized in accordance with some status

characteristics like sex, race, age, religion, political affiliation,

occupation or profession, income, social class and ethnicity.

II.  Characteristics of Social Group

a.  Group members interact on a fairly regular basis through communication.

b.  The members of the group develop a structure where each member assumes

a specific status and adopts a particular role.c.  The members of the group agree to some extent on important norms, goals,

and values.

d.  The members of the group feel a sense of identity.

III.  Types of Social Groups

a.  According to Social Ties.

1.  Primary Group - It is the most fundamental unit of human society.

2.  Secondary Groups - It refers to the groups which the individual comes

in contact later in life.

b.  According to Self-Identification

1. 

In-group - It is a social unit in which individuals feel at home and withwhich they identify.

2.  Out-group - it is a social unit to which individuals do not belong due to

differences in certain social categories and with which they do not

identify.

3.  Reference group or psychological group - It refers to the group to which

we consciously or unconsciously refer when we try to evaluate our own

life situations and behavior, but to which we do not necessarily belong.

c.  According to purpose

1.  Special interest groups - it refers to groups which are organized to meet

the special interest of the members.

2.  Task Group - It refers to groups assigned to accomplish jobs which

cannot be done by one person.

3.  Influence or pressure groups - It refers to groups organized to support or

influence social actions.

d.  According to geographical location and degree or quality of relationship

1.  Gemeinschaft - it refers to a social system in which most relationships

are personal or traditional.

2.  Gesselschaft - it refers to a social system in which most relationships are

impersonal, formal, contractual or bargain-like.

e.  According to form of organization

1.  Formal groups - they are deliberately formed, and their purpose andobjectives are explicitly defined.

2.  Informal groups - it is unplanned; it has no explicit rules for

membership, and does not have specific objectives to be attained.

3.  Relationship groups - these are groups organized to fulfill the feeling of 

companionship.

IV.  Elements of Effective Group Functioning

a.  Democratic or “participate” leadership 

b.  Flexible patterns of communication

c.  Cooperative problem-solving approach

d.  Openly and Candidly

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e.  Sharing of responsibility via protection of the individual rights.

V.  Factors of Forces Affecting Group Dynamics

a.  Group size - Size is a limiting condition on the amount and quality of 

interaction and communication that can occur among individuals.

b.  Type of group goals - a group will develop structural forms or arrangement

that will facilitate the attainment of its goals: inversely, it will block structural forms that will slow down the pursuit of its goals.

c.  Motivational base shared by individuals - people bound by mutual or

shared interests, common goals, expectations, or even the pursuit of 

nefarious activities organized themselves and secure result through group

concerted action.

d.  The kind of group cohesion - group cohesion refers to which the members

of the group have the ability to function and interact together towards the

pursuit of their goals.

e.  Social conformity - members of the group evolve group norms and conform

to them to achieve goals.f.  Group decision-making - making –  whatever the group’s composition or 

the task at hand, the group typically goes through four distinct stages in

arriving at its choices.

g.  Leadership - it is the process of influencing the activities of individuals in a

group towards the attainment of group goals in a given situation.

VI.  Qualities of a Leader

a.  Intelligent

b.  Dominant

c.  Charismatic

d. 

Enthusiastice.  Courageous

f.  Determined

g.  With Self - Confidence

h.  High sense of Integrity

i.  Tact and Diplomacy and Involvement

VII.  Styles of Leadership

a.  Functional Leadership - need not occupy a vantage position but he is

accepted by the group because he wields influence on the thinking and

behavior of the members.

b.  Status Leadership - occupies a position of authority such as the manager,

director, principal or supervisor.

c.  Task-oriented Leadership - gives emphasis to the needs and goals of the

organization.

d.  Relationship or person – oriented leadership - stresses building and

maintaining good personal relations between himself and his followers.

e.  Transactional Leadership - scores high both on tasks and relationships.

f.  Authoritarian Leadership - decides on the goals to be achieved and

prescribes how this is to be achieved.

g.  Democratic Leadership - engages in cooperative planning.

h.  Tradition-oriented Leadership - clings tenaciously to established practices

and norms and perceives change with no little apprehension and distrust.i.  Development – oriented Leadership - conceives change as a component of 

development, making sure that whatever changes are adopted shall improve

the delivery system of the organization.

Group 3: Chapter 8

Members:

Kenneth Mangurit

Genestly Claire Masanque

Ericka Jacinto

Lovely Lazaro