Outline for Phylum Cnidaria/Coeleterata(Ambe, Clemente, Florendo, Namingit, Serrano) as of March 23

I. IntroductionA. General characteristics1. Symmetry2. Stinging cells3. Specialized cells4. Body wallA. Relationship with other phyla or groups2. Cnidaria vs. PoriferaSymmetryFeedingLocomotionCell organization1. Cnidaria vs. BryozoaDeuterostomeSymmetryFeedingII. Life HabitsB. Habitat1. Marine1. FreshB. Mode of life2. Solitary2. ColonialB. Reproduction and life history3. Sexual3. AsexualB. Life History4. Medusa4. PolypB. Locomotion5. Sessile5. UnattachedB. Feeding

III. Important Soft PartsC. Body wall 1. Ectoderm1. EndodermC. MesogleaC. MouthC. TentaclesC. EnteronC. BellIV. Important Hard partsA. TabulaeB. SeptaC. CoralliteD. CoenenchymeV. Major Fossil Groups (MLF:1952)A. Basis of classificationB. Class Hydrozoa1. Order Stromatoporida2. Order LabechiidaC. Class Anthozoa1. Order Alcyonariaa. Schizocorallab. Thallocoralla2. Subclass Zoanthariaa. Order Rugosab. Order ScleractiniaD. Class Scyphozoa1. Order Carybdeida2. Order Coronatida1. Order Semaeostomida1. Order Rhizostomida1. Order LucernariidaIII. Evolutionary HistoryC. Appearance of Archeocythans in the Early CambrianC. Middle Ordovician4. Appearance of Tabulate4. Appearance of Rugose CoralsC. Silurian and Devonian 5. Appearance of Stromatoporoids5. Appearance of Tabulate Corals C. Late Devonian6. Extinction of Tabulate6. Extinction of RugosidsC. Vacancy of reef niche in the CarboniferousC. Permian8. Appearance of calcified sponges8. Appearance of BryozoansC. End of Permian extinctionsC. Appearance of scleractinians in the Middle TriassicC. Dominance of scleractinian fossils in the Cenozoic

VII. Geologic Highlights and ImportanceG. Geologic Importanc1. Corals as stratigraphic indicatorPalaeocyclus1. Corals as geochronometersHeliophyllum, Eridophyllum, and Favosites

1. Corals as paleothermometersPoritesB. Important Fossil Sites1. Reef BuildingSouthern Europe, Malaysia, California, Alaska (L. Triassic)Germany, Southern Europe (M. Triassic)Tethyan belt and West Indies (Early Tertiary Age)

1. CoralsGulf Coastal Region, Paris and London basins (Early Tertiary age)Caribbean and Indo-Pacific Regions (Miocene to Recent)

References: [1] Moore, R., & Lalicker, C. (1952). Coelenterates. In Invertebrate fossils. New York: McGraw-Hill.

[2] Prothero, D. (2004). Chapter 12: Colonial Life Sponges, Archaeocyathans, and Cnidarians. In Bringing fossils to life an introduction to paleobiology (Third ed., pp. 210-229). McGraw-Hill.