outline
DESCRIPTION
Decomposition of Variables and Duality in non-Abelian Models A . P. Protogenov Institute of Applied Physics of the RAS , N . Novgorod V. A. Verbus Institute for Physics of Microstructures of the RAS , N . Novgorod. Outline. Phase diagram SU(2) and U(1) mean field theory states - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Decomposition of Variables and Duality in non-Abelian Models
A. P. ProtogenovInstitute of Applied Physics of the RAS, N. Novgorod
V. A. Verbus
Institute for Physics of Microstructures of the RAS, N. Novgorod
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Outline
• Phase diagram • SU(2) and U(1) mean field theory states • Knots of the order parameter distributions • Current pseudogap phases • SU(2) decomposition of variables • Conclusion
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Standard t-J model
iii
ijjiji
ijji
nn
nnSScc
P
JPchtPH
1
4
1)..(
,
ccS iii
2
1
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Two-component order parameter
,, hc
1 , , ,2
1
hhff
b
bh
f
f
f
f
ffff
ff
eUU
jijiij
jiij
isfd
ij
ijij
ijijij
aij
)(
P.A. Lee, N. Nagaosa, X.-G. Wen, Rev. Mod. Phys. 78, 17 (2006)
Iwasawa decomposition
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SU(2) mean field theory
ij
l
ij
l
i
l
iji
ijjiji
jijiijijij
mean
hhahh
hUh
UUUH
cht
chTrJ
0
..2
1
..2
1
8
3
)2(SUWWUWU
W
i
jijiij
iii
FTrg
LSU
2
2)2(4
1
ffff
ff
eUU
jijiij
jiij
isfd
ij
ijij
ijijij
aij
)(
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Two-component Ginzburg-Landau-Wilson
functional E. Babaev, L.D. Faddeev, A.J. Niemi, PR B ‘02
82
21 242
2
2,1
3
2
cbA
c
eixdF kk
m
1 , ,2
2
2
12
iem
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Some useful identities
2
1
)21(..*11
2
14
1
4212
222
n
ccia
nk
ninikli
acurl
na
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О(3) Skyrme-Faddeev sigma model
1,,22
22
1 iem
ikikikkikk
cn
HFFcd
bHnxd
FFFF
216
1
2422242222
23
1 , , 2
2
1
nn
)21(.. , *112
cciaAaJ
c
ikkikiikikkiik aannnHccF
,
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Hopf invariant, Q, for a map is the linking number in S3 of the preimages of two generic points in S2.
23: SS n
ikkikiik aannnH
SaaxdQ
23
3216
1
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Examples of knots
6Q 6Q
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Knot scales
R
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Packing degree, α of the knot filaments is a small parameter of the model
R
α = Vknot / V ~ ξ2 R / R3 ~ ξ2/R2 < 1 α ~ æ-2
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The result of this “surgical cut” is the following
structure of phase distributions on a crystal surface
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Gain in current pseudogap states (V. Verbus, А. P., JETP Lett. 76, 60 (2002))
ikkikiik aannnH
SaaxdQ
23
32
16
1
int
24
1 22223
F
ikik
F
ik
F
ikk HFFcHnxdF
cn
cn FForQLDualityQ
LQF
:1322
432
ZacxdL
3216
1
caAFHArotBikik
,
8
222
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Current pseudogap states
rr
rH
rr
rri
ikk rdrdrT
332 3
16
1)(
i
ii mrTTrotrota
2
1
klikllkikli Hnnnacurl 21
21
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SU(2) decomposition of variables: Hamiltonian in the infrared limit
mnVki
m
ikikkin
mmmnc
nmGFnnnH
ki
kkinMY
,8
1
3
][
),(][22
3
42222
2222
.lim.inf
cccF
mmmbb
nbnbbbnG
i
nm
i
nmnm
i
ikkiik
kiikki
kiikikkiik
2
][
2
3
333
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SU(3) case
Flag manifold F2 = SU(3)/(U(1)×U(1))
instead of CP1 = SU(2)/U(1) = S2
dimF2 = 6 instead of dimCP1 = 2
How does Hopf invariant Q for the
flag maniford F2 look like?
Problem: 2-form F does not exact!
Note that π3(F2)=Z as well as π3(CP1)=Z
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Conclusion
1. The origin of the internal inhomogeneity and universal character of the phase stratification is the multi-vacuum structure in the form of the knotted vortex-like order parameter distributions. 2. As a result of phase competition, we have a natural window: α/ξ < c < 1/ξ , for the existence of the free energy gain due to supercurrent with large value of the momentum,
c. Here, α = ξ2/R2 < 1 is a knot packing degree, ξ is the correlation length.