Other Microcontrollers / Microprocessors

OverviewOverview

68HC11 Application Example:

An Emergency Communicator System (ECS)

Other Microcontrollers / Microprocessors

Selecting a Microcontroller / Microprocessor

68HC11 Application Example68HC11 Application Example

• Emergency Communicator System (ECS)• Function

o Records a set of personalized emergency messageso Dials customized telephone number(s) when triggered by a

pushbutton, monitor, sensor, etc.o Monitors call status and delivers recorded message

• Featureso Uses standard telephone line; no need for special monitoring

serviceo Reliable Based on: “Emergency Communicator System”

David B. Wax, University of PennsylvaniaMay 1, 19911991 University Motorola Design Contest

ECS: Use of the 68HC11 (1)ECS: Use of the 68HC11 (1)

• HCMOSo Low power - operates on battery backupo Noise immunity - operates in environment with telephone line

and (possibly) radio transmitters

• EEPROMo Calibration table - reference values for dial tones, busy signals,

ring back signals, etc.o User parameters - telephone numbers to call for various

emergencieso System configuration - locations of emergency message

“phrases” in memory

• Analog-to-digital convertero Convert voice input to digital for recording message phrases

ECS: Use of the 68HC11 (2)ECS: Use of the 68HC11 (2)

• Serial peripheral interfaceo Transmits serial ASCII data to an LCD display unit for user

interface

• Timer subsystemo Input capture functions measures signals on telephone line to

monitor call statuso Real-time interrupt displays time since call request

• Parallel input/outputo Control input and outputs (simple mode)o External memory interface

• STOP and WAIT modeso Reduce power consumption when unit is idle

ECS: Use of the 68HC11 (3)ECS: Use of the 68HC11 (3)

• Clock monitoro While in WAIT mode, the clock monitor verifies correct

operation and can reset the system if an error is detected

• Highest priority interrupto IRQ is elevated to highest priority since it indicates a request

for an emergency message

ECS: Context DiagramECS: Context Diagram

• What is the environment of the system that we are to design? ...

ECS: Top-Level Control/Data ECS: Top-Level Control/Data FlowFlow

• Identify the interface and “core” functions ...

ECS: System Control ECS: System Control Data/Control Flow DecompositionData/Control Flow Decomposition

• Decompose functions to a manageable design entity ...

ECS: Analysis ResultsECS: Analysis Results

• Analysis leads to:o System decomposition

Control and data transformationsData elements Information flowsCritical events

o Requirements for the transformations and data elements derived fromSystem requirementsOperational scenariosSupporting requirements

ECS: Analysis ResultsECS: Analysis Results

o Allocation of transformations and data elements to design entities that can be assigned to an individual designer or design team

o Requirements for each entity based on those for the individual transformations and data elements

• Functional analysis leading to physical realization

ECS: Block DiagramECS: Block Diagram

Other MicrocontrollersOther Microcontrollers

• Motorolao 68HC05 - low-cost 8-bit “core”o 68HC11 - high-performance 8-bit coreo 68HC16 - 16-bit coreo 68300 family - high-performance 32-bit core

• Intelo MCS-51 family - moderate-performance 8-bit coreo MCS-96 - 16-bit coreo 8096 - low-cost 16-bit coreo 80196 - high-performance 16-bit coreo Embedded processor versions of 80386 and i960 RISC

processor

Other MicrocontrollersOther Microcontrollers

• There are other vendorso Fujitsuo AMDo Philipso TIo Others ...

Motorola 68HC05 (2)Motorola 68HC05 (2)

• Block diagram

Motorola 68300 Family (1)Motorola 68300 Family (1)

• Features (68332)o 32-bit microcontrollero Based on CPU32 architecture (same as 680X0 family) with

new instructions for controller applicationso Low power operation (600 mW maximum, 500 µW in standby

mode)o 132-pin plastic quad flat pack (PQFP) packageo 16-bit intelligent timer

16 independent channels and pinsAny channel can perform input capture, output compare,

pulse width modulation

Motorola 68300 Family (2)Motorola 68300 Family (2)

o Serial ports68HC11-type SCI68HC11-type SPI with I/O queue

o On-chip 2K bytes standby RAMo On-chip programmable chip select logic with up to 12 output

signalso Up to 32 discrete I/O pinso System failure protection

Motorola 68300 Family (3)Motorola 68300 Family (3)

• Block diagram

Motorola 68300 Family (4)Motorola 68300 Family (4)

• Register diagram

Intel MCS-51 Family (1)Intel MCS-51 Family (1)

• Featureso 8-bit CPUo 0, 4K, 8K, 16K bytes on-chip ROM or EPROMo 128 or 256 bytes on-chip RAMo 64K address space for external data memory, 64K address space for

external program memoryo 32 input/output pinso Full-duplex serial I/Oo Two (or three) 16-bit timer/counterso Five (or six) interrupt sources with two priority level (preemptive)o Boolean processor

• Other vendors make MCS-51 compatible deviceso Philips

Built-in Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) Bus controller

Intel MCS-51 Family (2)Intel MCS-51 Family (2)

• Block diagram

Intel MCS-96 Family (1)Intel MCS-96 Family (1)

• Featureso 16-bit CPUo Reconfigurable 8- or 16-bit external buso 8K bytes on-chip ROM or EPROMo 232 bytes on-chip RAMo Hardware multiply and divideo High-speed I/O unit (6 dedicated lines, 2 programmable lines)o 10-bit analog-to-digital convertero Full duplex serial porto Up to 40 I/O portso 21 interrupt sources with 8 programmable vectorso Pulse width modulated (PWM) output (for PWM output or conversion

to analog)o Watchdog timero 48-pin DIP and 68-pin PLCC packages

Intel MCS-96 Family (2)Intel MCS-96 Family (2)

• Block diagram

Processor Selection FactorsProcessor Selection Factors

• Economicso Parts costo Parts qualityo Development cost

Software development Development tools

o Testo Expertise and learning curve

• Politicalo Pacts, cooperative agreementso Investment interest

• Technicalo Application features matched to processor featureso Development tools

Application Characteristics (1)Application Characteristics (1)

• Data processingo Analysis of application should focus on critical calculations

that must be completed within real-time constraintso Precision of calculations: 8-, 16-, 32-bits?o Type of data: floating point, signed, unsigned?

• Input/outputo Number of signalso Special functions, e.g. serial I/O or handshaking

• Powero Need for low-power consumption

• Memoryo Size: how much data, program memory?o Type: volatility, updates (patches), configuration?

Application Characteristics (2)Application Characteristics (2)

• Real-time processingo Interrupt latencyo Timing subsystem performance

• Special functionso Analog-to-digital converterso Special drivers

• Programmatic issueso Quantitieso Development schedule

Development ToolsDevelopment Tools

• System-level (hardware and software)o Monitor programso Logic analyzerso Emulators

• Software-onlyo Software generation Assemblers - 68HC11 assembly language Compilers - C, PL/M Interpreters - FORTH, BASICo Simulators

When Not to Use a When Not to Use a Microprocessor/MicrocontrollerMicroprocessor/Microcontroller• Purely analog system

o Examples: amplifier, radio receiver, ...o Microcontroller or microprocessor may still be used for control

• High volume productso Examples: calculators, mass market toys, low-cost feature

telephones, Use custom or semicustom ICso Low-end microcontrollers may be competitive

• Very high performance applicationso Examples: radar, real-time high-resolution image processingo Use custom logic or bipolar bit-sliced processoro High-end RISC microprocssors/microcontrollers and

programmable digital signal processors (DSP) ICs may be competitive