OT Survey IIOT Survey II

EzekielEzekiel

Canonical Review – Zoomed Canonical Review – Zoomed OutOut

1) Torah

2) Former Prophets

3) Latter Prophets

4) Writings

5) New Testament

Document God’s Choosing of Israel and Preserve their “Constitution”

Document God’s repeated acts of mercy and demonstrate His justice in bringing the covenant curses.

Demonstrate God’s justice in bringing the covenant curses and provide hope for the future.

Encourage and instruct the waiting remnant until the day of restoration.

Document God’s Choosing those in the church and Preserve their “Constitution”

Canonical Review – Zoomed InCanonical Review – Zoomed In TorahTorah

God’s brings judgment in response to the sin of mankind but God’s brings judgment in response to the sin of mankind but promises to bring restoration in the future.promises to bring restoration in the future.

God selects Abraham and Israel as His special possession God selects Abraham and Israel as His special possession through whom He will bless the world.through whom He will bless the world.

God makes a covenant with Abraham and Israel and brings God makes a covenant with Abraham and Israel and brings them into the land He has promised for them.them into the land He has promised for them.

Former Prophets (Joshua – Kings)Former Prophets (Joshua – Kings) Israel responds to God’s grace with more and more rebellion. Israel responds to God’s grace with more and more rebellion.

God responds to Israel’s rebellion with covenant discipline.God responds to Israel’s rebellion with covenant discipline. Yet, God over and over again (2Yet, God over and over again (2ndnd generation, Joshua, Samuel, generation, Joshua, Samuel,

David) has compassion and renews covenant with the nation.David) has compassion and renews covenant with the nation. Eventually, however, God refuses to show further compassion Eventually, however, God refuses to show further compassion

(remember Elijah/sha?) and Israel is exiled.(remember Elijah/sha?) and Israel is exiled. Latter ProphetsLatter Prophets

Israel’s wickedness is demonstrated in a variety of ways and Israel’s wickedness is demonstrated in a variety of ways and timestimes

God warns the wicked and instructs the righteous remnantGod warns the wicked and instructs the righteous remnant God declares his plans to one day restore IsraelGod declares his plans to one day restore Israel

Canonical Review – Zoomed In Canonical Review – Zoomed In AgainAgain

IsaiahIsaiah God is holy and must judge the sinfulness of IsraelGod is holy and must judge the sinfulness of Israel God will judge the sinfulness of Israel through a God will judge the sinfulness of Israel through a

coming nationcoming nation A proper response to this is seen in Isaiah 6A proper response to this is seen in Isaiah 6 Improper responses include trusting in other Improper responses include trusting in other

nations (and other gods)nations (and other gods) Hezekiah exemplifies both responses; thus, Assyria Hezekiah exemplifies both responses; thus, Assyria

will not be the exiling nation, but Babylon willwill not be the exiling nation, but Babylon will A future king will perfectly exemplify the proper A future king will perfectly exemplify the proper

response (the king who was there in Isaiah 6!)response (the king who was there in Isaiah 6!) God will bring Israel out of exile, make atonement God will bring Israel out of exile, make atonement

for their sins, and judge rebelsfor their sins, and judge rebels God tells Israel this in advance so they will trust in God tells Israel this in advance so they will trust in

HimHim

Canonical Review – Zoomed In Canonical Review – Zoomed In AgainAgain

JeremiahJeremiah Isaiah said Babylon was coming, Jeremiah says, Isaiah said Babylon was coming, Jeremiah says,

“They’re here!”“They’re here!” God has determined to punish Jerusalem; therefore, God has determined to punish Jerusalem; therefore,

people should submit to Babylon.people should submit to Babylon. Plans to scheme around this judgment (e.g., going to or Plans to scheme around this judgment (e.g., going to or

trusting in Egypt) will not work (didn’t they read Isaiah?)trusting in Egypt) will not work (didn’t they read Isaiah?) A new low: Instead of scheming around God’s judgment, A new low: Instead of scheming around God’s judgment,

the people merely disbelieve God: He will not judge the people merely disbelieve God: He will not judge (that is the false prophets talking, not God!)(that is the false prophets talking, not God!)

God will judge the arrogant nations delighting in Israel’s God will judge the arrogant nations delighting in Israel’s fall; in particular, He will judge Babylon itself!fall; in particular, He will judge Babylon itself!

God will one day once again have compassion on Israel God will one day once again have compassion on Israel and renew covenant; nay, he will make a NEW and renew covenant; nay, he will make a NEW covenant!covenant!

Jeremiah 52: The fall of JerusalemJeremiah 52: The fall of Jerusalem

Hosea, Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Hosea, Isaiah, Jeremiah, and EzekielEzekiel

“I will no longer show compassion to the

house of Israel, that I should forgive them;

but, I will show compassion to the house of Judah and

will save them by the LORD their God, not

by bow, sword, battle, horses, or horsemen”

(Hos 1:6b-7)

722Fall ofIsrael

701Jerusalem

Spared

605First

Deportation

597Second

Deportation

586Fall ofJudah

Hosea

“I will deliver you and this city from the hand of the king of Assyria. I will defend this city.”

(Isa 38:6)

“The time will surely come when everything in your palace, and all that your fathers have

stored up until this day, will be carried off to

Babylon. Nothing will be left, says the LORD.”

(Isa 39:6)

Isaiah

Map taken from Ezekiel, NICOT, p. xxi

Jeremiah

BEFORE 586"Behold, I set before

you the way of life and the way of death. He who dwells in this city will die by the sword

and by famine and by pestilence; but he who goes out and falls away to the Chaldeans who are besieging you will live, and he will have his own life as booty. For I have set My face

against this city for harm and not for good," declares the LORD. “It will be given into the hand of the king of Babylon, and he will burn it with fire.” (Jer

21:8-10)

AFTER 586“If you will indeed stay in this land, then I will build you up and not tear you

down, and I will plant you and not uproot you; for I shall relent concerning the calamity that I have inflicted on you. Do not be afraid of the king of Babylon, whom you are now fearing; do not be afraid of him,” declares the LORD, “for I am with

you to save you and deliver you from his

hand. I will also show you compassion, so that he will have compassion on you and restore you to

your own soil. But if you…

AFTER 586 (cont…)…are going to say, ‘We

will not stay in this land,’ so as not to listen to the voice of the LORD your

God, saying, ‘No, but we will go to the land of

Egypt, where we shall not see war or hear the

sound of a trumpet or hunger for bread, and we will stay there’; then in that case listen to the word of the LORD, O

remnant of Judah. Thus says the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, ‘If you really set your mind to

enter Egypt, and go in to reside there, then it will…

AFTER 586 (cont…)…come about that the sword, which you are afraid of will overtake

you there in the land of Egypt; and the famine, about which you are anxious, will follow

closely after you there in Egypt; and you will die

there. So all the men who set their mind to go to

Egypt to reside there will die by the sword, by

famine, and by pestilence; and they will

have no survivors or refugees from the

calamity that I am going to bring on them.’ For thus says the LORD of

hosts, the God of Israel, ‘As My…

AFTER 586 (cont…)…anger and wrath have been poured out on the

inhabitants of Jerusalem, so My wrath will be

poured out on you when you enter Egypt. And you will become a curse, an

object of horror, an imprecation, and a

reproach; and you will see this place no more.’ The LORD has spoken to you, O remnant of Judah, ‘Do not go into Egypt!’

You should clearly understand that today I have testified against you.” (Jer 42:10-19)

“As the wood of the vine among the trees of the forest, which I have given to the fire for fuel, so have I given up the

inhabitants of Jerusalem” (Ezek 15:6)“Although I have cast

them far off among the Gentiles, and although I

have scattered them among the countries, yet

I shall be a little sanctuary for them in

the countries where they have gone…I will gather you from the peoples, assemble you from the

countries where you have been scattered, and I will give you the land of Israel.” (Ezek

11:16-17)

Ezekiel

Ezekiel’s MessageEzekiel’s Message

PresentPresent Babylon will succeed; Israel will be Babylon will succeed; Israel will be

exiledexiled God will be with them in exileGod will be with them in exile

FutureFuture God will restore them in the landGod will restore them in the land God will dwell with them again in the God will dwell with them again in the

landland

StructureStructure

Ezekiel’s call (1-3)Ezekiel’s call (1-3) Judgment against Israel (4-24)Judgment against Israel (4-24) Judgment against the nations (25-32)Judgment against the nations (25-32) Restoration of Israel (33-48)Restoration of Israel (33-48)

Future Restoration in the Land (33-39)Future Restoration in the Land (33-39) Future Restoration of the Temple (40-48)Future Restoration of the Temple (40-48)

Major ThemesMajor Themes Glory of YahwehGlory of Yahweh

Ezekiel’s focusEzekiel’s focus Isaiah: God’s holinessIsaiah: God’s holiness Jeremiah: God’s sovereigntyJeremiah: God’s sovereignty Ezekiel: God’s gloryEzekiel: God’s glory

It’s aweIt’s awe Ezekiel prostrate before it (1:28; 3:23)Ezekiel prostrate before it (1:28; 3:23) Enlightens the earth, fills the new temple (43:2, 5; 44:4)Enlightens the earth, fills the new temple (43:2, 5; 44:4) Contrasted with Ezekiel as “son of man” ( = “human”)Contrasted with Ezekiel as “son of man” ( = “human”)

It’s locationIt’s location God’s glory related to His immediate presence [?]God’s glory related to His immediate presence [?] Appears to Ezekiel in Babylon! (1:28; 3:23)Appears to Ezekiel in Babylon! (1:28; 3:23) Leaves Jerusalem (8:4; 9:3; 10:4, 18, 19; Leaves Jerusalem (8:4; 9:3; 10:4, 18, 19; 11:22, 2311:22, 23)) God a “sanctuary for them” in exile (11:16)God a “sanctuary for them” in exile (11:16) Among the nations executing judgment (39:21)Among the nations executing judgment (39:21) Returns to Jerusalem (43:2-5; 44:4)Returns to Jerusalem (43:2-5; 44:4)

Major Themes (cont…)Major Themes (cont…) The TempleThe Temple

Israel’s desecration of it (8-11)Israel’s desecration of it (8-11) God’s desertion of it (God’s desertion of it (5:115:11; 8-11); 8-11) Exile’s need of it (11:16)Exile’s need of it (11:16) Future restoration of it (40-48)Future restoration of it (40-48) Cf. Exodus: Temple design after making of Sinaitic CovenantCf. Exodus: Temple design after making of Sinaitic Covenant

Knowledge of YahwehKnowledge of Yahweh ““The slain will fall among you [The slain will fall among you [IsraelIsrael], and you will know that ], and you will know that

I am Yahweh” (6:7)I am Yahweh” (6:7) ““I will execute judgments on I will execute judgments on MoabMoab, and they will know that I , and they will know that I

am Yahweh” (25:11)am Yahweh” (25:11) ““Then they [Then they [IsraelIsrael] will know that I am the LORD, when I ] will know that I am the LORD, when I

have broken the bars of their yoke and have delivered them have broken the bars of their yoke and have delivered them from the hand of those who enslaved them” (34:27)from the hand of those who enslaved them” (34:27)

““The The nationsnations will know that I am Yahweh who sanctifies will know that I am Yahweh who sanctifies Israel” (37:28)Israel” (37:28)

Reason why God gathers Gog (38:23; 39:6, 7, 22, 28)Reason why God gathers Gog (38:23; 39:6, 7, 22, 28)

Major Themes (cont…)Major Themes (cont…)

““Spirit”Spirit” Moving the glory of Yahweh (“spirit of the Moving the glory of Yahweh (“spirit of the

living beings”) (1:12, 20, 21; 10:17)living beings”) (1:12, 20, 21; 10:17) Spirit of Yahweh Moves Ezekiel (2:2; 3:12, Spirit of Yahweh Moves Ezekiel (2:2; 3:12,

14, 24; 8:3; 11:1, 5, 24; 37:1; 43:5)14, 24; 8:3; 11:1, 5, 24; 37:1; 43:5) False prophets follow their “own spirit” False prophets follow their “own spirit”

(13:3)(13:3) New spirit an essential part of the New New spirit an essential part of the New

Covenant (11:19; 36:26-27; 37:14; Covenant (11:19; 36:26-27; 37:14; 39:29; cf. 18:31)39:29; cf. 18:31)

PurposePurpose

To convince dispersed Israel that…To convince dispersed Israel that… God would certainly exile Israel and allow God would certainly exile Israel and allow

Babylon to destroy Jerusalem.Babylon to destroy Jerusalem. God would be present with them during God would be present with them during

their exile and one day live among them their exile and one day live among them again in the midst of the promised land.again in the midst of the promised land.

Ezekiel and the New Ezekiel and the New TestamentTestament

Unlike Isaiah, the NT does not often quote Unlike Isaiah, the NT does not often quote from Ezekiel.from Ezekiel.

However, the imagery of Ezekiel likely lies However, the imagery of Ezekiel likely lies behind several NT texts, especially those of behind several NT texts, especially those of JohnJohn John 3:5: Jesus answered, "I tell you the truth, no John 3:5: Jesus answered, "I tell you the truth, no

one can enter the kingdom of God unless he is born one can enter the kingdom of God unless he is born of water and the Spirit” (cf. Ezek 36:25-26: “I will of water and the Spirit” (cf. Ezek 36:25-26: “I will sprinkle clean water on you…, I will give you a new sprinkle clean water on you…, I will give you a new heart and put a new spirit within you).heart and put a new spirit within you).

John 10 – The Good Shepherd (Ezek 34:11-16)John 10 – The Good Shepherd (Ezek 34:11-16) Revelation 19:17ff – “Great supper of God” (Ezek Revelation 19:17ff – “Great supper of God” (Ezek

39:17-20)39:17-20) Revelation 20:7ff – Gog and Magog (Ezek 38-39)Revelation 20:7ff – Gog and Magog (Ezek 38-39) Revelation 21-22 – Many allusions to Ezekiel 40-48Revelation 21-22 – Many allusions to Ezekiel 40-48

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