origin of biosignals fajar purnama 152d-8713
TRANSCRIPT
Bioinformation Engineering
Origin of BiosignalsFajar Purnama 152-D8713
Computer Science and Electrical EngineeringKumamoto University
What is Biosignal?
● It is any signal that can be found in any living being.
● Though today modern technologies represent biosignals in sinusoid forms.
Where does it come from?● It came from within our body > travels to
the skin > captured by an instrument > perceived by us
Where does it origins?
● It origins from major organs within our body like brain, heart, kidneys, liver, and lungs.
● Today we can see what’s wrong with the body by observing the biosignal.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/2701_Water_Content_in_the_Body-01.jpg
How deep the origin● As deep as the substance that structured the major
organs = cells, the smallest unit in life.
How does cells produce biosignals?● When the cells of living things are stimulated, sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) ions move rapidly
through the cell membrane’s ion channel, creating difference in electric potential.
● Sodium is usually found outside in form of salt NaCl while Potassium is usually found inside the cell.
● Electricity itself is defined as the flow of electric charge.
https://media.giphy.com/media/11rQETQPpbTiJW/source.gif
Contents of Cell Membrane● Before discussing about bioelectricity, let’s look at the
cell membrane. The cell membrane consists if lipid bilayer and proteins. There are many kind of channels for the bellow illustration.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Scheme_facilitated_diffusion_in_cell_membrane-en.svg/2000px-Scheme_facilitated_diffusion_in_cell_membrane-en.svg.png
Passive Channel
● It is a passive way where ions flows from higher concentration to lower concentration.
https://media.giphy.com/media/2gscv6A65oHqU/giphy.gif
Active Channel● The active channel also called the transport channel activates when the concentration reaches equilibrium.● It functions to create difference in concentration again in order for the flow in the previous slide to flow again.
potassium (K+) is returned to the cell and sodium (Na+) is released.
https://media.giphy.com/media/suHCaPseJhib6/giphy.gif
Enzymes
● Not to forget that attraction between positive and negative charge contributes to the flow i.e. potassium (K+) attracted to chloride (Cl-). Enzymes helps or accelerates the bonding.
Resting and Action Potential
● The resting potential is a state where the flow of ion in and out of the cell is stable (looping from slide 8 - 10).
● While action potential is a state where the cell is excited, enabling more ions flow, thus generating more bioelectricity or biosignal.
Cell Stimulation
● The cell can be stimulated artificially or naturally from the brain > neuron > cells. This will turn into action potential.
Bioelectricity or Biosignalhttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Action_potential_propagation_animation.gif
Gated Channel● The channels responsible for action potential is voltage gated channel and
transmitter gated channel. Think of them as transistors.● Voltage gated channel activates when an applied voltage around certain level
and transmitter gated channel activates when substances locks onto a channel.