organic chemistry. september 19, 2015september 19, 2015september 19, 2015 gsci 163 spring 2010...

Organic ChemistryOrganic Chemistry

April 19, 2023April 19, 2023 GSCI 163 Spring 2010GSCI 163 Spring 2010

Organic ChemistryOrganic Chemistry

the study of the study of compoundscompounds containing containing carboncarbon that is chemically bonded to that is chemically bonded to hydrogenhydrogen. . (synthesis, identification, modeling, and (synthesis, identification, modeling, and chemical chemical reactionsreactions))

study of the structure, properties, study of the structure, properties, composition, composition, reactionsreactions, and preparation , and preparation (by (by synthesissynthesis or by other means) of or by other means) of hydrocarbonshydrocarbons and their derivatives. and their derivatives.

study of carbon or the study of chemicals study of carbon or the study of chemicals in living organisms in living organisms


163 definition163 definition

In identifying molecules as inorganic or In identifying molecules as inorganic or organic we will use the following organic we will use the following specific definition: specific definition:

Compounds containing carbonCompounds containing carbon•EXCEPT CO, CO2, CO3EXCEPT CO, CO2, CO3


HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons

Carbon Hydrogen moleculesCarbon Hydrogen molecules

Methane CH4


hydrocarbons

Aliphatic compounds Aromatic compounds

Benzene element

Single bonds

Triple

Double

Rings (NOT Benzene)


ConstructConstructEthane C2H6 [ane] Ethane C2H6 [ane]

all single bondsall single bonds

Methane CH4Methane CH4

Ethane C2H6Ethane C2H6

Propane C3H8Propane C3H8

Butane C4H10Butane C4H10

Alkanes


ConstructConstructEthylene C2H4 [ene] Ethylene C2H4 [ene]

contains double bondscontains double bonds

Ethylene C2H4Ethylene C2H4

Proplyene C3H8Proplyene C3H8

Alkenes


functional groupfunctional group A functional group is a molecular module, and the A functional group is a molecular module, and the

reactivity of that functional group is assumed, reactivity of that functional group is assumed, within limits, to be the same in a variety of within limits, to be the same in a variety of molecules molecules

Saturate means no double carbon bonds. No more Saturate means no double carbon bonds. No more hydrogen can be added.hydrogen can be added.

saturatedsaturated

IsomerIsomerSame formula but a different structureSame formula but a different structure


isomerisomer

Build two isomers of butane C4H10Build two isomers of butane C4H10 Isobutane, n-butaneIsobutane, n-butane


GroupsGroups

Methy -CH3Methy -CH3

Ethyl –CH2-CH3Ethyl –CH2-CH3

Amino –NH3Amino –NH3

Flouro –FFlouro –F

Nitro -NO3Nitro -NO3


ConstructConstructEthyne C2H2 [yne] Ethyne C2H2 [yne]

contains triple bondscontains triple bondsEthyne C2H2 Ethyne C2H2

(aceteylene)(aceteylene)Propyne C3H4Propyne C3H4

Alkynes


ConstructConstructCyclobutane C4H10 [cyclo..ane] Cyclobutane C4H10 [cyclo..ane]

all single bondsall single bonds

CycloPropane C3H6CycloPropane C3H6

CylcoButane C4H8CylcoButane C4H8

CycloAlkanes


ConstructConstructBenzene Benzene

Aromatic 6-carbon rings6-carbon rings Benzene C6H6Benzene C6H6 napthalene C10H8napthalene C10H8


AlcoholsAlcohols

alcoholalcohol is any organic compound in which is any organic compound in which a hydroxyl functional group (-OH) is bound a hydroxyl functional group (-OH) is bound to a saturated carbon atomto a saturated carbon atom

ethanol, C2H5OH


Name of alcohol

Chemical formula of alcohol Structure of alcohol

methanol CH3OH

ethanol CH3CH2OH or C2H5OH

propan-1-ol CH3CH2CH2OH or C3H7OH

propan-2-ol CH3CH(OH)CH3


Sugar Sugar Alcohol Alcohol

C6H12O6C6H12O6 2CO2 + 2CH3CH2OH 2CO2 + 2CH3CH2OH

Glucose ethanolGlucose ethanol


Ethers R-O-R’Ethers R-O-R’ Aldehyes Keytones (acetone)Aldehyes Keytones (acetone) Carboxylic AcidCarboxylic Acid EstersEsters AminesAmines


Hydrocarbons Only C and H present

Alkanes Only single bonds

Alkenes Double bond(s) between two carbons

Alkynes Triple bond(s) between two carbons

Aromatic

Alcohols

Ethers

Aldehydes

Ketones

Carboxylic Acids

Esters

Amines

Amides

R, R', and R'' represent hydrocarbon groups (alkyl groups)


GroupsGroups


Organic moleculesOrganic molecules

Proteins Proteins SugarsSugars CarbohydratesCarbohydrates FatsFats CelluloseCellulose PlasticPlastic RubberRubber

DNADNA HormonesHormones AlcoholsAlcohols PropanePropane

organic chemistry. september 19, 2015september 19, 2015september 19, 2015 gsci 163 spring 2010...

Documents

double carbon bonds

study of carbon

carbonsalkynestriple

saturated carbon atomethanol

c2h5oh propan

organic compound

hydroxyl functional

study of chemicals