Organic chemistry

Carbon and the carbon cycle

Catherine Mortimer-Hawkins, IEST

The goals for today!

• To know that carbon is in all organic compounds.• To know different forms of carbon.• To know a little about CO2 and carbonates.• To know a little more about the carbon cycle.

• Pages in your book: 56, 238-239, 240-241.

Repetition

• An element A substance that contains only ONE kind of atom. For example gold.

• Atom One single atom. For example ”C” (carbon)

• MoleculeSeveral atoms together. For example ”H2O” (water)

Repetition

• Chemical symbols: A symbol for an element. For example H = HydrogenSome chemical symbols: H – Hydrogen, C – Carbon, O – Oxygen

• Chemical formula: For example CO2. Shows that carbondioxid contains one carbon and two oxygen atoms.

Organic chemistry and Carbon

• A carbon atom has 4 places to bond to other atoms, for example to C, H or O.

• Because of this it can bond in so many different ways!!!

• ORGANIC CHEMISTRY is about compounds containing carbon atoms.

• All living organisms contain carbon!

Different forms of carbon• Graphite For example in pencils and electrical contacts. Soft and black.

• Diamant For example in jewelry and in drill bits (borrspetsar). Hard and transperous.

• Amorphous carbon For example charcoal.

• Fullerenes Discovered in 1985 and used in superconductors.

a – Diamant

b – Grafit

c – Lonsdalenit

d – C60

e – C540

f – C70

g – Amorft kol

h - Nanotub

Carbondioxid, CO2

• Colourless gas with no smell.• Much heavier than air.• Turns straight in to solid at -78 deg C, dry ice.• Uses:

Carbonates

• One carbonate is calciumcarbonate, CaCO3.

Limestone

Marble

Chalk

The carbon cycle

1. CO2 in the atmosphere from organisms and factories.2. CO2 disolves in the oceans.3. Trees and plants take in CO2 , photosynthesis.4. Animals and plants release CO2 in the atmosphere.5. Dead animals and plants becomes food for animals or gets buried and after

millions of years becomes oil.6. Factories and cars burn oil and releases CO2 in the atmosphere.

Until Friday!

• Read pages: 56, 238-239, 240-241.• Go to: nomacath.skolbloggen.se• Read through the power point presentation

again.• Write on a piece of paper 5 different questions

and answer them. You can also mail them to me. These questions will help you study to the test, Friday the 26th of November.