organ transplantation and rejection
TRANSCRIPT
INAM ULLAH
Topic: Transplantation
Transplantation refers to the act of transferring cells, tissues or organs from one site to another within individuals or between different individuals or between different species of genetically identical or not.
Transplantation
The tissue or organ transplanted is known as the transplant or graft.
The individual from whom the graft is obtained is known as the donor and the individual on whom it is applied known as recipient or acceptor.
Donor Accepter
Types of Grafts
Autograft
Isograft (Syngraft)
Allograft (Homograft)
Xenograft (Heterograft).
Autograft
• Tissue transplanted from one part of the body to another in the same individual. Also known as Autotransplants.
• It is always accepted.
Isograft
• Transplantation in which organs or tissues are transplanted from a donor to a genetically identical recipient (such as an identical twin). It is also known as Isotransplants.
• It is always accepted.
Allograft
• Allograft is a transplant of an organ or tissue between two genetically non-identical members of the same species.
Xenograft
• A transplant of organs or tissue from one species to another. An example is porcine heart valve transplant, which is quite common and successful.
Graft RejectionGraft vs. Host Disease Transplant Rejection
Acute GVHD
Chronic GVHD
Hyper Acute Rejection
Acute Rejection
Chronic Rejection
Graft vs. Host Disease
Caused by the reaction of grafted mature T-cells in the marrow inoculum with alloantigens of the host
Acute GVHDCharacterized by epithelial cell death in the skin, GI tract, and liver
Chronic GVHDCharacterized by fibrosis of one or more of these organs as well as the lungs
Transplant Rejection
Hyper Acute Rejection
Acute Rejection
Chronic Rejection
Endothelial cells release von Willebrand factor that mediate platelets adhesion
Endothelial cells lost the cell surface heparin sulfate proteoglycans that normally interact with antithrombin III to inhibit coagulation.