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Orchestrating future mobility
The year is 2018 and there are still no cars flying above our cities. Yet the dream persists, with passenger drone prototyping underway. And the vision is strong,
bringing together the symbolism of automobile freedom, with promises of the speed and fluidity of airspace. But with passenger travel distance expected to double by 2050, it is not to the sky that we should look to achieve the dream of cities freed of traffic jams and fossil-fuel pollution. Rather, it’s on the ground that this future will play out – and it has every means to succeed.
First, because transport solutions have become widely diversified:lightelectricvehiclesandon-demandofferings(taxis,ride-sharingservices,cars,scootersandfree-floatingbikes) are increasing, reinforcing capacitive transport networks.
Secondly,becausedigitaltechnology– InternetofThings(IoT),high-speednetworks,platforms,smartphonesandMobilityasaService(MaaS)–makestheinformationflowbetween those services and their operators, transport authoritiesandpassengerspossibletoday.
Andfinally,becausethematurityofanalysissystemsanddataprocessingallowforconsistencybetweenallthevarioustransportofferingsandatrueaddedvalue,providingthe opportunity to collaborate.
There is, however, one condition: the orchestration oftransportmodesmustbesupportedbyrobustsystemsstrongenoughtoanticipatebreakdowns,optimisematerialresourcesandpassengerflow,prepareforplannedeventsandrespondto unexpected ones (like weather, sporting events, ordemonstrations,etc.).AmasterfulorchestrationabletokeepthepromiseofimprovedmobilityiswhatAlstomisdeployingin collaboration with transport authorities, to embrace the eraofmultimodality.
E D I T O R I A L
Sylvie BordeMarket&PortfolioDirector,
Alstom
Howtomoveforward with multimodality?
4
E X P E R T S I N T H I S I S S U E
Greg Lindsay Senior Fellow,
NewCities
Alexis ChavelasVice President, Security & City
Mobility, Alstom
Piia KarjalainenCoordinator,
MaaS Alliance, ERTICO–ITSEurope
Dr Johanna TzanidakiDirector,Innovation &Deployment,
ERTICO–ITSEurope
Rémi Rovira Director,MadridInnovation&DevelopmentCentre,
Alstom
Pablo Santiago Madrid Innovation
ProgrammeManager, Alstom
Laurent MezziniDirector,CityFlow &EnergySolutions,
Alstom
Alvaro Urech InnovationManager,
Alstom
Juan-Carlos VillalbaDataAnalyticsGroupManager,
Alstom
Pascal Poisson OpenInnovationManager, AlstomDigitalMobility
Barbara Venchiarutti Project Leader,
Alstom
Dr Susan ShaheenDirector,Sustainable
Transportation&Research, UC Berkeley
Adam CohenResearch Associate, Innovative
Mobility Research Group, UC Berkeley
Dr Chris RogersProfessor,University ofBirmingham
Dr Lidia Montero Project Leader, Barcelona Virtual
Mobility Lab and Associate Professor,UniversityofBarcelona
5
S E L E C T E D Q U O T E S
“Combiningalltransportmodesandcityservices andestablishinginteractionbetweenthemwilldeliver
thegreatestaddedvalue.”Alexis Chavelas
Vice Pres ident , Secur i ty & C i ty Mobi l i ty, A ls tom
“Operatorsandtransportauthorities requiretherighttoolstocoordinateandmanagethese crises as quickly and efficientlyaspossible.”
Juan-Car los Vi l la lba DataAnalyt ics GroupManager, A ls tom
“Forsomecities,bigdataanalyticsmaybeabletoimprovetheoperationalefficiencyofthetransportation
network.”Adam Cohen,
Research Assoc iate , Innovat ive Mobi l i ty Research Group, UC Berke ley
“Transitauthoritiesneedtoembraceinnovation iftheywantmultimodalitytobestrongerthananysingle
modeoftransport.”Greg L indsay,
Senior Fe l low, NewCit ies
“Bycombiningphysicalmobilitywithdata, wecanimprovetransportthroughbetterplanning
andmanagementofservices.”Pi ia Kar ja la inen
Coord inator, MaaSA l l iance, ERTICO– ITSEurope
6
C O N T E N T S
Urbanisation and the future of mobility
Smart solutions for seamless mobility
Editorial 03
Experts in this issue and selected quotes 04
InterviewThe future of mobility 08
DataHow people move 09
AnalysisCongestion: public enemy number one? 10
DeepdiveFuture cities: a farewell to individual cars? 11
Data3 settings for future mobility 13
DataHow millennials travel in the USA 14
DeepdiveThe digital key to smart transport 16
DeepdiveHow data can change the way people move 18
AnalysisTowards MaaS 20
AnalysisThe smart journey is an open journey 21
Case studyParis: simulating smart transport 22
Case studyTuscany: learning to orchestrate the city 23
AnalysisWhat does it take to model an urban ecosystem? 24
InfographicThe smart journey 25
Part one Urbanisation and the
future of mobility
8
Orchestrating future mobility: Part 1
“An advanced city is not a place where the poor move about in cars, rather it’s where even the rich use public transpor-tation,” said Enrique Penalosa1, the mayor of Bogota, Colombia, who has transformed the city’s transit system by introducing a bus rapid transit system and hundreds of kilometres of bike lanes, among other innovations.
However,asMrPenalosaandothershavefound,creatingawell-functioningpublictransportsystemthatspansmultiplemodesiseasiersaidthandone.Thekeytobringingabouttruemultimodaltransportmaybetheadventofnewbusinessmodels,whicharestartingtoappearinsomecities,suchasHelsinki.TheFinnishcapitalaimstomakeitunnecessaryforany city resident to own a private car by 2025.
As stated by consultancy Deloitte2,“thegoalistomakeitsoconvenientforuserstogetaroundthattheyopttogiveuptheirpersonalvehiclesforcitycommuting,notbecausethey’re forced to, but because the alternative ismoreappealing.”Thehopeisthatthiswillleadtocitiesthatarelesscongested,lesspolluted,saferandeasiertogetaround,aswellasbeingmoreenvironmentallyfriendly,becausetherearefewercars,beingusedmoreefficiently,whilepublictrans-portbecomesamoreattractiveoption.Isthisthelikelyfutureforcities?WeaskedGregLindsay,aseniorfellowatNewCities,aninternationalnon-profitorganisationdedicatedtomakingcities more inclusive, connected, healthy and vibrant.
WHAT DEFINES MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT?Multimodaltransportneedstofacilitatemultiplelayersofpeoplemovingatdifferentvelocities.Youwillalwayswantheavyrailforthecoretrunkroutes,butbeyondthis,thereismuchmoreflexibilitytointroducemeasuressuchasdedicatedbuslanesandbikelanes,alongwithmoreautonomousvehicles.Ifyoucancreateasmartcitythathelpspeoplemoveacrossthecitymorefluently,itwillbringpeopletogether,helpthemfindandaccessthegoodsandservicestheyneedandencouragegreatercitizenparticipationbyexpandingtheusablespaceofcitiesandconnectingdisconnectedneigh-bourhoodstotherestofthecity.
WHAT IS THE BIGGEST CHALLENGE FOR MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT?Thebiggestchallengeofmultimodaltransport–andthekeytoitssuccess–willbegettingholdoftheinformationneededtomake the entire system run smoothly, policy makers should be thinkingabouthowtheycanorchestratethewholesystemandusetheirregulatorymuscletogetvehiclemakerstoparticipateinthis.Therearecompetingappsoutthere,soyoudon’thaveaunifiedsystem.Itispossibletohaveaseamlesssystem,buteveryoneseemsdeterminedtoslugitoutintheirdifferentsilos.
WHAT IS THE ROLE OF TRANSPORT AUTHORITIES?Itiscrucialthatpublictransportremainsattheheartofcitymobility,ratherthanhavingfleetsofautonomousvehicleslookingforpassengers,whichcould make congestion even worsethanitistoday.Transitauthorities need to embrace innovationiftheywantmulti-modalitytobestrongerthananysinglemodeoftransport.Themunicipalgovernmenthas to retain authority through the public transitoperator. You need anauthoritythatseesitselfasamobilitymanagerratherthanjust a body that makes the trains run on time.
WILL AUTONOMOUS CARS RULE THE FIRST-MILE/LAST-MILE SEGMENT? Idon’tthinkthefutureisthecar.Free-floatingbikesharingcouldbepartofaviablelast-milesolution. Ascitiesprepareforthefuture,theywillneedtoidentifytransportsolutionsthatfittheirownuniquesetofneeds.Butwhateversolutionsemerge,amultimodalpublictransportsystemthatallowspeopletomoveseamlesslyfromoneformoftransporttoanotherwillbeattheheartoffuturemobility.
Expert: Greg Lindsay, Senior Fellow, NewCities
Thefutureofmobility lies in multimodal solutions and smart cities
“Youneedanauthoritythatseesitselfas amobilitymanager.”Greg L indsay, Senior Fe l low, NewCit ies
Interview:Greg L indsay
Population: 3,574,830
Average annual metro population growth: 0.1%% of population under 20: 15.0
Population density: 3,948/km2
Population: 18,954,313
Average annual metro population growth: 0.4%% of population under 20: 24.4
Population density: 2,121/km2
Population: 8,181,047
Average annual metro population growth: 1.2%% of population under 20: 33.6
Population density: 5,155/km2
Population: 22,065,215
Average annual metro population growth: 2.0%% of population under 20: 41.8
Population density: 6,610/km2
Analysis area: Capital District
Analysis area: National Capital Territory, Faridabad, Gurugram, Ghaziabad, and Noida
Analysis area: New York (NY-NJ-CT) urbanised area
Analysis area: Greater Berlin, including some parts of Brandenburg regionBERLIN
PRIVATE CAR30%
WALKING31%
WALKING35%
PUBLIC TRANSIT22%
BICYCLE13%
JOURNEY MODAL SPLIT
BOGOTÁ
JOURNEY MODAL SPLIT
NEW YORK
JOURNEY MODAL SPLIT
DELHI
JOURNEY MODAL SPLIT
PRIVATE CAR57%
WALKING6%
PUBLIC TRANSIT35%
BICYCLE1%
OTHER1%
OTHER4%
OTHER1%
OTHER21%
PRIVATE CAR13%
WALKING46%
PUBLIC TRANSIT36%
BICYCLE4%
PRIVATE CAR9%
PUBLIC TRANSIT31%
BICYCLE4%
a glimpse into 4 global citiesHOWPEOPLEMOVE:
Sources: DeloitteCityMobilityIndex2018.HowCitiesPerform,DataMatrix,LSECitiesUrbanAge.
10
Orchestrating future mobility: Part 1
Congestion is a bane of modern life, but in a world that seems to be designed around the motor car, it is frequently seen as an inevitable price to pay for progress and too difficult to solve. Nevertheless, the statistics are staggering: in 2017, commuters in Los Angeles, the world’s most congested city, spent over 100 hours3 each in traffic jams.
“Congestioncanreduceproductivityandeconomicgrowth.Itisoftencorrelatedwithairpollution,acommoncauseandcontributor to health problems such as asthma. Additionally, congestionreducesthequalityoflifeinregionsasmoretimeisspent intrafficthanwithfamilies,work,orrecreationalactivities,”saysDrSusanShaheen,SustainableTransportationandResearchDirectoratUCBerkeley.By2030,itisestimatedthatcongestionwillcostAmericans$186billion4.
However,newtechnologiessuchastheInternetofThings(IoT),autonomousvehiclesandsmartcityinfrastructuregivehopethatsmartcitiesofthefuturemaybelesscongested.Muchoftheconversationoncongestionfocusesonmakingiteasierforcarstogetaroundthecity.
Butfocusingjustoncarscouldmakecongestionworse,notbetter,saysDrDavidHensheroftheUniversityofSydney’sInstituteofTransportandLogisticsStudies.Despiteoptimismabout shared mobility options5likeride-hailingasasolutiontocongestion,theseservicesareactuallyexpectedtoincreasetraffic.Insteadofcentringcongestionsolutionsoncars,authoritiesshouldfocusonbringingdifferentpartsofthetransportationsystem–includingrail,trams,bikesandwalking–together,toenableseamlesstravelaroundcities.
BEYOND A FOCUS ON PRIVATE VEHICLES“Weneedtostoplookingjustatcars.Whatiftherewasasmartinfrastructurethatconnectedroad,rail,andothermodesoftransportationinsuchawaythatallofthemworkedtogethertoservethemobilityneedsofthemodernurbanpopulation?”DrHensherwritesinarecentlypublishedpaper,‘Tacklingroadcongestion–whatmightitlooklikeinthefuture?’6 cities should providemoreTransitOrientedDevelopment(TOD)–compact,walkable, pedestrian-oriented,mixed-use communities
centredaroundhigh-qualitytrainsystemsthatallowpeopletoliveandworkwithouttotaldependenceonacarformobilityandsurvival.AccordingtotheTODInstitute,transit-orienteddevelopmentcanminimisedrivingby upto85%7,reducingcon-gestionconsiderably.WhileEuropeisgenerallyaheadintermsofTOD,someNorthAmericancitieslikeToronto,WashingtonD.C.andPortland,Oregonhave made the approach a priority8.
“TODcanimprovepublichealthbyreducingcongestionandencouragingwalking,enhancelocaleconomiesbyloweringtransportationcostsandtimespentintraffic,andhelpcitiesreduce air emissions and achieveclimateactiongoals.TODworksbestincommunitieswithstrongpublictranspor-tationnetworks,”saysAdam Cohen, Research Associate at UC Berkeley’s Innovative Mobility Research Group.
Ascitieslooktotackleconges-tion,it’sbesttoavoida‘one-size-fits-all’ approach, andconsider the variations in each local context, according toMrCohen:“Forsomecities,bigdata analytics may be able to improvetheoperationaleffi-ciencyofthetransportationnetwork. In other cases, it may be leveraging underusedcapacityinthesystemthroughsharedmobility.Elsewhere,increasingoccupancythroughpoolingorcapacityenhance-mentsmaybeappropriate.Theprecisesolutionwillreallydependoncity-specificcharacteristics.”
Experts: Dr Susan Shaheen, Director, Sustainable Transportation & Research, and Adam Cohen, Research Associate, Innovative Mobility Research Group, University of California, Berkeley
Congestion:public enemy number one?
“Forsomecities,bigdata analytics may be able to improve the operationalefficiencyofthetransportationnetwork.”Adam Cohen, Research Assoc iate , Innovat ive Mobi l i ty Research Group, UC Berke ley
Experts :Adam Cohen and Dr Susan Shaheen
11
Orchestrating future mobility: Part 1
We live in a car-centric world, where infrastructure, housing, government policy and huge parts of the global economy are geared towards catering to the needs of private car owners, but there are signs that the future may be different.
Thesuccessofthecarcametobeseenasinevitableand“consequently, cities have been remade and remodelled tofitthecarsystem,”writeresearchersfromtheLiveableCitiesprogramme,initspublicationTheLittleBookofCar Free Cities9.Therearecloseto1billioncarsaroundtheworld,andwithcurrenttrends,thisfigureisexpectedtogrowto2billionwithinacoupleofdecades.
Theyaddthat“the‘rightsofthedrivers’andcarownersappeartoremainprotectedbygovernmentpolicy;thatis,thepersonalfreedomtoownavehicleandtodriveitwhen,whereverandhowoftenthedriverwishes.”
Untilrecently,thiscar-centricworldhasbeenlargelyunchallenged,buttherearesignsthatthisischangingbecauseofacombinationofthepollutionandconges-tionwhichcarscause,technologicaladvancessuchasbigdataandartificialintelligence,thedevelopmentofelectricandautonomousvehiclesandshiftingattitudestowardscarsanddriving.
SEEKING CHANGE: FROM TECHNOLOGY TO MINDSETSTransportauthoritieslookingtoencourageresidentsandvisitors tousemultiplemodesof transportarestartingtoharnessthebestavailabletechnologiestocoordinateallthedifferenttypesofpublictransport,aswellasroadtraffic,tomakejourneyseasier,shorterandmore convenient.
Theywillneedtousethelatestadvanceddataanalyticsandalgorithmstopredictandanticipatetrafficflowsandthe impactoncustomers’ journeys,reactingtochangesincircumstancestoprovideuserswiththebestoptions for completing their journeys. These new
systems will also enable new mobility services, such as MaaS*, by providing information for on-demandservicessuchascarsharing,self-servicebicycles,taxisandparkandridefacilities.
However,changingthewaypeoplemovearoundcitieswillrequirenotjustthedevelopmentandintegrationofnewtechnologiesbutalsoachangeinmindset.Asthe thinktank CityLab says: “Local transportationofficials andplanners nowplace a larger focus onoffering many modes of travel and considerquality-of-liferatherthansimplyencouragingdriving
Futurecities:a farewell to individual cars?
Expert :Dr Chr is Rogers
*‘Theintegrationofvariousformsoftransportservicesintoasinglemobilityserviceaccessibleondemand,’MaaS Alliance.
12
Orchestrating future mobility: Part 1
everywhere. Yet continued reductions in drivingrequiretruemultimodality:ratherthanrelyingononemodeoftransportation,orexpectingthatmostdrivingtripscanbesubstitutedfortransittrips,peopleneedto be able to choose from a network of options,includingnottravellingatall.”
Butthechangeofmindsetisessential,accordingtoDrChrisRogersoftheUniversityofBirminghamintheUK.“Acar-freecitydependsonthewillingnessofthepopulationtounderstandalloftheconsequencesofprivately-ownedcars,andtobeawarethatjustbecausetheyhavealwaysdonethingsthisway,itdoesn’tmeanthat’sthebestwaytodoit.”
SIGNS OF A SHIFT?AccordingtoLiveableCities,millennials,especiallyintheUS, increasinglywant to live indense,diversecommunitieswheretheycanwalk,cycleandgetaroundby public transport, particularly as social media technologiesreplacedependenceonautomobiles.TheproportionofyoungAmericanswithdrivinglicencesstood at about 92% in 1984; it has since dropped15 percentagepoints10. “Car travel appears to have peakedand,insomecases,ithasbeendeclining,”itsays.
DrRogerspointsoutthatinacitysuchasLondon,“thebenefitsthataprivatecarbringsarelargelycateredforbyothermeans.Ifyouwanttogoacrosscountry,youcanhireacar.Ifyouwanttogoacrosstownyoucangobybus,metro,bikeorUber.”
Thechallenge,headds,istodeterminewhatitwouldtaketochangecities,beyondLondon.Goodplanningcanhelp.Urbandesignisstartingtoencourageothermodesoftransport,includingparkingrestrictionsandtariffs,pedestrianisedcitycentres,busandbikelanes,Bus Rapid Transit, public bike schemes and roadpricing/congestioncharging.InBeijing,81%ofsharedbikesareusedaroundpublictransportationstops.Thefigurerisesto90%inShanghai11.Agoodfitbetweenbikesandpublictransitsolutionshasanimpact:thenumberofcarjourneysoffivekilometresorlessinbothcitiessincesharedbikesbecameavailablesawa5%drop.
Butsuchmeasureswillonlybeeffectiveiftheymakegoingcar-freesociallydesirable,DrRogerssays.“Thequestionsyouhavetoanswerare:‘whatdoIusemycarfor?’and‘whatdoIwanttodo?’.Peoplewanttomove around the city as they desire, or not move around because the service they want can come to them
instead.Theywanton-demandmovementinavehiclethatissuitablycomfortable.Thismayinvolvesomekindoftaxiservice,buttheremayalsobea‘smart’elementtoit,tellingtravellersthatiftheydelaytheirtripby10minutes,itmaybequicker.”
STRIKING THE RIGHT BALANCETherewillneedtobeamixof so lut ions betweenin-vehicleandinfrastruc-ture technologies tohelp people move around the city, Dr Rogers stresses.“The system needs toinform people about theambient conditions, how longtheirjourneywilltakeandtheriskofdisruption,so they can take alterna-tive routes or modes oftransport.”
Thecitiesofthefuturewillneedalternativebusinessmodels in which public transport coexists with inter-connectedgreencorridorswithspaceforwalkingandcycling.Nonetheless,multimodalityisakeychallenge,DrRogersadds.“Itisdifficulttogetpeopletoacceptusingdifferentwaysoftravellingwithinonejourney,because they have invested so much in the motor car. Butit’saperceptionthing–ifyouchangepeople’smindsetssotheydon’tthink:‘I’mstuckinataxi’but‘Iambeingchauffeur-driveneverywhere’,it’smuchmoreattractive.”
Expert: Dr Chris Rogers, Professor, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
Future cities: a farewell to individual cars?
90% shared bikesused around public transportation stops inShanghai
Clean & shared Private autonomy
High-income, dense metropolitan areas E.g.:Chicago,HongKong,London,Singapore
Developing, densely populated cities with high pollution and rapid urbanisation
High income, suburban sprawl areasE.g.:Sydney,Houston,GermanRuhrarea
Setting #1
Setting #2 Setting #3
2030
INDEXED
INDEXED INDEXED
2015
2015 20152030 2030
PASSENGERKMTRAVELLED
VEHICLESKMTRAVELLED
VEHICLE PARC100%
2% 98%
49% 42% 8%
86%14%
56%44%
8%34%27%31%
60% ofwhichEVs 40%ofwhichself-driving
Less public transport
Private car still dominant
Limited private car ownership
Shift towards autonomous & electric
vehicles
CLEANER TRANSPORT & SHARED-MULTIMODAL
MOBILITY
PUBLIC TRANSIT BACKBONE
DOOR-TO-DOOR & ON-DEMAND
CHEAP, FLEXIBLE & SEAMLESS
Source: AnIntegratedPerspectiveontheFutureofMobility,McKinsey.
Social benefits through 2030:$3,300 perperson–boosting2030GDPby0.9percent
2%
3%
1%37% 78%17% 5%20% 75%53% 18%51% 19%
97% 62% 96%38% 4%
10% 2%10% 2%
Passengerkmtravelled PassengerkmtravelledPassengerkmtravelled Passengerkmtravelled
Vehicles km travelled Vehicles km travelledVehicles km travelled Vehicles km travelled
Vehicle parc Vehicle parcVehicle parc Vehicle parc
100% 100%91% 99%9% 1%
42% ofwhichEVs 34%ofwhichEVs3%ofwhichself-driving 32% ofwhichself-driving
Social benefits through 2030:$2,800 perperson–mostlyintheformofimprovedsafety
1% 99%
Social benefits through 2030: $7,400 perperson–boosting2030GDPby3.9%
Seamless mobility
+30%
+37%
-7%
Cleaner transport & shared-multimodal
mobility
Human-driven cars, two-wheelers,
electric mini-buses
Expansion of public transit
Increased congestion
+86%
+59%
+63%
+25%
+35%
+8%
BLURRED PRIVATE- SHARED-PUBLIC
TRANSPORT MODE BOUNDARIES
$
Shared car Private car Public transit Walking/cycling
for future mobility3SETTINGS
1%
the generational shift
The multimodal generation
USmillennialsusemultiplemodesoftransportation to reach a destination at least afewtimesaweek. Millennials in these cities average 3 modes per trip.
HOWMILLENNIALSTRAVELINTHEUSA:
69%
38%
By 2050, there will be a projected 74.3 million millennials in the US.
Looking to the future
Their transport preferences:
10 years from now, millennials want to see transport options that:
And are:
4 in 5 3 in 4 84%would like to live in a city wheretheycouldgetaround without a car
Helptakeadvantageof‘alternative’transportoptions(bike-share,walking,etc.)
61% 55% 44% 38%
Help optimise the entire travel experienceacrossdifferentoptions and locations
Provide transport options basedonfactors(weather,costs, etc.)
Shareusingatleastonce/week
50%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
saidneighbourhoodswithout transit access were lessappealingplacestolive
would like more transit options
Sources:Pew Research CenterMove ForwardOracleU.S. PIRGAmericanPublicTransportationAssociation
BICYCLE
BUS
SUBWAY, LIGHT RAIL, STREET CAR, OR TROLLEY
Saves money
Bestoptionlogistically/shortest travel time
More convenient
Exercise
WALKING
DRIVING A CAR
Top5preferredmodes:
Why multimodal?TOP 4 reasons:
42%
42%
42%
32%
MORE RELIABLE
ABLE TO PROVIDE REAL-TIME UPDATES
MORE USER- FRIENDLY AND INTUITIVE
MORE PRECISE
BIKE
WALK
TRANSIT
44% 43%
MILLENNIALS GENX BABYBOOMERS WARBABIES
20%19%
47%
8%
46%
16% 11%6%10%
41%
5%
31%
Millennials’ transport experience differs from other generations
Part two Smart solutions for
seamless mobility
16
Orchestrating future mobility: Part 2
Smart digital solutions can help enhance the performance of high-capacity public transport modes, as well as work seamlessly with both established and new mobility services.
Givenurbanpopulationgrowthandconcernsoverairpollutionandroadcongestion,thereisastrongneedtodaytoboosttheefficiencyofexistinghigh-capacitypublic transportmodes, like the metro, commuter rail, buses andtrams.Digitalsystemscanhelpmeetthisdemandwithouttheneedformassivefinancialinvestment.Today’sdigital-driven,multimodaltransportsolutionscanimprovethecapacityandfluidityofanexistingassetthroughanumberofdifferentcapabilities,suchas:
Experts :Alex is Chavelas and Laurent Mezzin i
•Advancedsignallingsystems:enablingmoretrainsperhouronthesameinfrastructuretoboostthroughput;•Flowmanagementsystems:fortransportservice lines, real-time train occupancysystems that inform passengers whichcoachesarelesscrowded;•Dataandpredictivemaintenance:afaultcanbeidentifiedbeforeitoccurs;hencethetransport service line in question is less disrupted;•Centralisedoperationcontrolcentresforincidentreaction:withvideoanalyticsanddata, the operator knows the precise situation
ofeverylineand,incaseofanincident,isabletotriggera response that is both rapid and coordinated. Consequently, any issue is quickly detected and resolved with limited impact on
The digital key to smart transport
“Connectivity is key to this new
multimodal vision, andtomaking
this coordination possible.”
Laurent Mezzin i Director, C i ty F low&Energy So lut ions ,
Alstom
17
Orchestrating future mobility: Part 2
lines.“Fromthepassengerperspective,usingallthesedigitalsolutionsmakesthetransportsystemflowmoresmoothly,meaningtrainsarelesscrowdedandarriveontime,”saysAlexisChavelas,VicePresidentofSecurity&CityMobilityatAlstom.
CONNECTING EXISTING MODESBeyond enhancing existing transportcapabilities, digital allows for all of thedifferentmodestobebroughttogether.Thisdevelopmentmeansbothpassengersandoperators are linked to the system as a whole. Andthelattercannowmanagethecitytrans-port network as one. “Connectivity is key to thisnewmultimodalvision,andtomakingthiscoordinationpossible,”pointsoutLaurentMezzini, Director of City Flow& EnergySolutionsatAlstom.“Todaycitiescanprovidea multimodal seamless service because they can make all modes talk to each other andcoordinatethem.”
Havingaconnectedsysteminplaceallowsoperatorstoprovidepassengerswiththe options they need to make a decision when extreme circumstances arise that affect mobility, like public transport strikes or unexpectedweatherconditions.Passengersincreasinglyexpecttransportservicestoanticipateheightenedtrafficandsuggestalternateroutesviadifferentavailablemodes,be it bus, bike, taxi or otherwise.
Tomeetthismobilityserviceneed,AlstomhasdevelopedMastria, its multimodal city mobility supervision and optimisationsystemthatseamlesslyintegratesallmobilitymodes–frommetroandsuburbantrainstofirst/last-mileservicesprovidedbyshuttlebuses,bikesharingandparking.“Mastriaconnectsinformationtobetteranticipateandadapt transport options and capacity to demand, to meet the needs of transport authorities to operate severaltransportmodesinacentralisedandcoordinatedway,”explainsMrMezzini.“Itfunctionsasanon-intrusiveoverlaytotheexistingtransportsystemsofacity,connectingtrafficsupervision, SCADA (Supervisory Control and DataAcquisition),ticketingandsecurity,aswellasthepolicedepartment,fireandotherrelatedservices.”
OPTIMISING THE WHOLE Foroperators,thisvisionofasmartcitymeanshavinga‘bigpicture’ofthecity’stransportsystemsandbeingabletoofferoptionstopassengersthataccommodate
The digital key to smart transport
“Combiningalltransport modes and city services andestablishing
interaction between them will deliver thegreatestadded
value.”Alexis Chavelas
Vice Pres ident , Secur i ty & C i ty Mobi l i ty, A ls tom
thevariablesofacity.Thiscouldbeanythingfromplanningextrabusestosuggestingwaysforcommuterstobypassahigh-capacitytransportline(metroorrail)
whichmaybecongestedbecauseofasportingevent.
While new technologies are certainlyopening up new opportunities for transport, it is also key to establish interactionbetweenthem.“Optimisingcitieswith their growing populationswon’t happen in isolation or within a singleneighbourhood,”saysMrChavelas.“It all has to be brought together toreallywork. Combining all transportmodesandcityservicesandestablishinginteraction between them will deliver thegreatestaddedvalue.”
Furthermore, since it is clearly in the interestof cities to support this stepahead in multimodal transport, political willisvital.Fortunately,thisincreasinglyseemstobethecase,withagrowingnumberofcityandtransportauthoritiesnowrealisinghowthismobilityfuturecan help them achieve their goals,
be they environmental, social or economic.
At the same time, transport operators are extremely active in the field, as are suppliers and mobilityspecialists,likeAlstom,whoareplayinganimportantsupportingroleinestablishingthisnewmultimodalmobility order.
Experts: Alexis Chavelas, Vice President, Security & City Mobility, Alstom, and Laurent Mezzini, Director, City Flow & Energy Solutions, Alstom
18
Orchestrating future mobility: Part 2
Many of the developments in mobility, including autonomous vehicles and people-centric services, are actively facilitated by big data. Without the huge amount of data available and, more importantly, the power to harness it, these products and services would not be possible. The computing power to transfer and analyse data and the infrastructure to store it in large volumes is revolutionising the way people move.
DIFFERENT DATA FOR DIFFERENT EVENTSThereare threekey typesofdatawhen it comes tomobility:supply(anditsperformance),peopledemandandcityintelligence.Thesupplydatareflectshowdifferenttrans-portmodesareperforming–whethertheyare on schedule and whether there is any issueordelay.Thisdatacanbeusedfortrafficoptimisationandhasahighenoughmaturity level to provide operator systems withagoodtrackofsupplyperformance,eveninreal-time.
Thesecondtypeofdatarepresentsdemandand can help analyse people flow, bylocatingpeopleandidentifyingwheretheywanttogo.Currenttechnologiesareableto measure and track the demand but they aren’t universally deployed and they still needtodealwiththeissueofprivacybeforeoperatorscanmakeuseofthedata.
Thefinaltypeofdataistheintelligencethatstemsfromthe city itself, whether about road works, weatherforecasts,pollutionorotherevents.Thisdatacanhelpwithincidentresponses,andisevolvingquicklywithmorematuresourcesofdatabecomingavailableallofthetime,oftenaspublicopendata.
Therearethentwotypesofeventsthatcanbebettermanaged by the data, the first ofwhich allows forprediction.“Forexample,ifthereisasportseventora
snow storm you can predict that the transport system willhaveissuesandinformpassengersaheadoftimeto optimise demand, as well as transport operators to reinforce services,” says Juan-Carlos Villalba, DataAnalyticsGroupManageratAlstom.
Thesecondtypeofeventisthosethatcausedisruptionwhichisunpredictable.“Operatorsandtransportauthor-itiesrequiretherighttoolstocoordinateandmanagethesecrisesasquicklyandefficientlyaspossible,”saysMrVillalba.Thismeanshavingsystemswhichshow
what’shappeningandwhatcanbedonetomitigateanyfurtherissues.Thesystemshould also be able to show how the possibleactionswouldaffectthecurrentstatusofthetransportmodeinquestion.
MAKING THE DATA WORKMuchoftheinsightofthedataisrelianton supply and demand. If transport operators know that there is more demand fora particularserviceandcanpredictthis, then they can prepare in advance. Data can help them to do this. Forexample,ifthere’sanincidentatastationitislikelythatpassengerswillneedtousea different service, and the transportoperator can inform passengers andpreparethesystemtodealwiththis.Thisdatacancomefrommanysources,likeIoTsensors,edgecomputingprocessorsor
thirdpartysystems;someexamplesincludesmoke,fireor flood sensors, alert/emergency buttons or videoanalyticsalgorithms.Dataneedstobegatheredandaggregatedusingaplatformwhichwillallowcross-referencingofsupplyanddemand.“Havingaccesstodataisfundamental,butmakingitworktohelpsolveproblems is more important,” adds Alvaro Urech,InnovationManageratAlstom.
Today,inmanycases,dataisavailablein‘nearreal-time’.
“Havingaccesstodataisfundamental,butmakingitwork
to help solve problems is more important.”
Alvaro Urech Innovat ionManager,
A ls tom
Experts :Alvaro Urech and Juan-Car los Vi l la lba
Howdatacanchangethe way people move
19
Orchestrating future mobility: Part 2
For example, the CityofChicago12pullstogethersevenmilliondifferentpiecesofdatafromcitydepartments–includingitsemergencyservices–everyday.Thisenables ittoprovidereal-timedataanalysistocitymanagerssotheycanbetterpredict and allocate resources, as well as respondtoemergenciesanduncovertrendsthat would have otherwise been invisible. Many transport authorities and operators withincities,includingVeniceandSeattlepublish their services on websites such as transitfeeds.com,insomecasesinreal-time.
“While on the supply side there aresystemswhichgivetheoperator real-time locationof thevehicles (satellitenavigationorothers),thatsamekindofsystemisnotasaccessibleforpassengerlocation,”MrUrechexplains.
Telecomoperators(telcos)havedataoncellphonepositioningwhichisaggregated,butnotcurrentlyinreal-time.However,thecurrentaccuracyoftelcopositioningisacceptabletouseformacroanalysis–forsuburbanorlongdistancemovements,butisn’tdetailedenoughformicroanalysisinsidecities.Whilepeopleflowmonitoringisarealchallengeusingtelcodatatoday,(astelcosareunabletoaggregate,cleanseandanalysethedatainreal-time,and don’t provide the accuracy required in urban mobility),thismaychangeinthenearfuture.Manytelcosareworkingtoprovidereal-timedata/analyticsandnewtechnologieslike5Gmaybringthepositioningcapabilitiesrequiredforefficientin-citypeopleflowmonitoring.
Othertypesoftechnologiesarealsousedtomeasuredemand–ticketingisthewaythishasbeendoneformany years, but transport systems vary in the amount ofinformationthisgivestheoperator.Forexample,manysystemsonlyacknowledgethatapassengerhasenteredastation,withnoinformationaboutwheretheyaregoing.“Otheroptionsincludevideoanalyticswhichcanhelpanoperatorrecognisethemovementofpeople from one station to another, providinganonymisationoftheimagestoensureprivacy,”saysMrVillalba.“Thereareotherdeviceslikestereoscopiccamerasorinfraredbarriersthatdrawalineinsomeareaofthestationandcounthowmanypeopleareflowinginonedirectionoranother,”headds.
MrVillalbasuggeststhereareotherindirectapproachesthattransportauthoritiescanusetoinferthetransport
demand, like third party applications that passengersusetoplantheir trips(tripplanner apps), detection of devicesconnectedtoWi-FiorBluetoothorsensorsinside vehicles that can gauge thepressure/weightoftheload.Thoughthereisunlikelytobe100percentaccuracywithanyoftheseoptions,theyareaccurateenough to be used to determine themagnitudeandnatureofpassengerflows.
IT’S NOT JUST ABOUT WHERE THE DATA COMES FROMDataandgovernancearecritical,accordingtoMrVillalba.Justhavinganydatastreamsand analysing it isn’t going to help atransportsystemruneffectively.Thedataitselfneedstobereliableandrepresentativeofreality.
Whilethedifferenttechnologiespullingdata, such as sensors and cell phones, are important, there needs to be a focus on complex, securedarchitecturetostorethevastamountsofdata.Forthemost effective solution,multimodal operators andtransport authorities should be able to coordinate and orchestratetransporttogethersotheyhaveafullviewofwhat’shappeninginthecity.Thismeansthatbus,train and taxi services can work in conjunction and improveresultsforthecityasawhole.
Experts: Juan-Carlos Villalba, Data Analytics Group Manager, Alstom, and Alvaro Urech, Innovation Manager, Alstom
How data can change the way people move
“Operatorsandtransport authorities requiretheright
tools to coordinate andmanagethese
crises as quickly and efficientlyaspossible.”
Juan-Car los Vi l la lba DataAnalyt ics GroupManager,
Alstom
20
Orchestrating future mobility: Part 2
“Mobility can now be seen as an information service with physical transport products, rather than a transport product with additional services.” How much truth is there in this observation from the 2016 study ‘The world is changing. Transport, too’13? Plenty to justify the existence of the MaaS Alliance, a public-private partnership (PPP) launched in 2015 to build the foundations for a common approach to this new model.
“Bycombiningphysicalmobilitywithdata,wecanimprovetrans-portthroughbetterplanningandmanagementofservices.Thesetwoaspectsworkhandinhand,”saysPiiaKarjalainen,MaaSAllianceCoordinatoratERTICO–ITSEurope.
THE FUTURE OF CITIES – BUILDING MAAS TOGETHERInthisevolvingcontext,wherevehicles,modes,andinfrastructureareconvergingwithdata,MobilityasaService(MaaS),oftenreferredtoastheNetflixorSpotifyoftransport,issteadilygainingtraction.“CitieslikeViennaandHelsinkiare probably the most advanced, but it doesn’t stopwiththem–Ihavebeenhappytowitnesssomanynewinnovativeservicespoppingup,andmoreistocome,”saysMsKarjalainen.“DevelopingMaaSisanongoing,organicprocess.Theend-userservicesareevolvingandovertimeIthinkwe’regoingtoseealotmorevalue-addedservices,bothrelatedtomobility,likepayingforparking,andothers,suchasseamlessgroceryorderinganddelivery,peer-to-peercitylogisticsservicesorcombinedtravelandeventtickets.”
ThetermMaaSdescribesapay-as-you-goorsubscription-basedapproachtomobilitythatincludeseveryoptiononoffer,frombothpublicandprivateproviders,andcoverseveryanglefromjourneyplanningtopayment.“IfitwereeasytoimplementMaaS,itwouldhavebeendoneearlier,”pointsoutMsKarjalainen.“Thefactit’stakingtimetoimplementMaaSprovesthecomplexityofthetask.ButwehavetherightconditionsinEurope,liketheavailabilityofopentransportdatabases,forexample.”
Experts :Pi ia Kar ja la inen and Dr Johanna Tzanidaki
Partofthese‘rightconditions’involvesmakinguseoftheseopendatabasestostreamlineurbantransportmanagement.Alstom’sMastriamultimodalsolutiongenerateshigh-qualityinformation,accessiblethroughtheseopendataplatforms,foron-demandservicessuchascarsharing,self-servicebikesandparking.Alltheinformationisprovidedinreal-timefromalltransportmodes.ThismakesMastriaverymuchapartoftheMaaSmovement.“Mobilityasaservicewillundoubtedlymatureinthecomingdecade,”saysthestudy‘Theworldischanging.Transport,too’, which anticipates
“acontinuedandsignificantdevelopmentintheapplicationofincreasinglyintelligentreal-timetrafficmanagementtools,whichwillfreeupsomeadditional network capacity throughsmootherflows.”
OPENING UP AVENUESFor city and transport authorities, operators, new providers,suppliersandend-users,multimodalityopens up new avenues to meet their particular needs.Aswellasameansoftacklingroadcongestionandlocalairpollution,anotherbenefitofmultimodalityforauthoritiesisbringingfirst/last-miletrips(oftenmissinglinksinestablishedmobilitychains)intothepicture,throughbikesharingoron-demandshuttlebuses,forinstance.
DrJohannaTzanidaki,Innovation&DeploymentDirectoratERTICO–ITSEurope,believesthiswin-winprospectistheincentivedrivingstake-holderstostepinandreallycareaboutdevelopingtheMaaSmodel:“Publicauthorities,users,citiesandindustries–ifeachactorunderstandstheyhavesomethingtogain,they’regoingtobe
incentivisedtotakeactioninthisdirection.”Whilethereisnoone-solution-fits-all,havingcloselyintegratedtransportservicesisdefinitelyappealingforallcities,bothbigandsmall.
Experts: Piia Karjalainen, Coordinator, MaaS Alliance, ERTICO – ITS Europe, and Dr Johanna Tzanidaki, Director, Innovation & Deployment, ERTICO – ITS Europe
Towards MaaS
“Bycombiningphysical mobility with data, we can improve transport throughbetterplanning
andmanagement ofservices.”
Pi ia Kar ja la inen Coord inator, MaaS A l l iance,
ERTICO– ITSEurope
21
Orchestrating future mobility: Part 2
Given the changing dynamics of the transport market, Alstom is staying on track by diversifying into a global mobility provider. Building up partnerships and technology bricks are key to this strategic move.
“Ingeneral,ourcustomers(transportauthorities,citiesandoperators)todayarerequestingamobilityofferthatreachesbeyondrollingstocktointegrateallthedifferenttransportmodes,”explainsRémiRovira,DirectoroftheMadridInnovation&DevelopmentCentreatAlstom.“Inadditiontohigh-capacitymasstransportlikethemetro,ourcustomersalsowantfirst/last-mileservicesandcoordinationbetweenallthedifferentmodes toensure they functionefficientlytogetherasawhole.”
POWER OF PARTNERSHIPS – ‘ONLY THE BEST’Asaglobalmobilityprovider,Alstomiscountingonitsproventrackrecordinhigh-capacitytransportfor leverage, inadditiontootheractions.Throughstrategicpartnerships*, the company is also busy creating a robustmultimodal portfolio.Suchmoves includeacquiringsharesinautonomousvehicle(AV)firmEasyMiletogainafootholdinthefirst/last-milemobilitysegment,workingondatasolutionswithMicrosoft,andpocketingdigitalfirmslikerailconnectivitysolutionproviderNomad (based in the UK) and on-boardconnectivityandinfotainmentsupplier21net(headquarteredinBelgium).ThedecisiontojoinforceswithAirbusoncybersecurity inApril2017furtherillustratesthispoint.“Evenifwe’renotdoingthesametransportmode,wesharethesamelevelofanalysisandsecurity,”explainsMrRovira.“Allthecriticalsystemsexpertisecomingfromthispartnershipwillbeintroducedintoourmultimodalservices.”“Wearedevelopingourinternalexpertise,too,”addsPabloSantiago,InnovationProgrammeManageratAlstomMadrid.“ThemainideaistobringtoAlstom,eitherdirectly(inhouse)orthroughpartners,allthedifferentcompetenciesandadditionaltechnologiestoensurewecancompeteintomorrow’snew
Experts :Rémi Rovira and Pablo Sant iago
worldofmultimodaltransport.”Collectingallthetechnologiestocreateahighlyefficientmultimodalsystemisacomplexchallenge;onethatdependson‘onlythebest’.“That’swhywe’realsoworkingwithuniversitiesandresearchinstitutesliketheFrenchSystemXandInria,andstart-upstoo,ofcourse,”says Mr Rovira.Aswellasbringingtech,suchasnewalgorithmsanddata,tothetable,start-upshaveanothercarduptheirsleeve.“Mobilityisnowadigitalmarketandspeedtomarketiskey,”saysMrSantiago.“Start-upsareextremelyagileandthisisimportantforabiggrouplikeAlstom.”Giventhisnewmobilityparadigm,over the past two to three years Alstom has carried out a major
digitaltransformationinhouse.ThemovehasledtothecreationofdifferentdepartmentsliketheMadridInnovation&DevelopmentCentre,andisdesignedinparttoincreasespeedto market.
BRINGING ADDED VALUE TO THE TABLEAlstom is present in 60 countrieswith105 sites andhas ambitions to expandengineeringcentresinternationally(recentlyopeningalocationinBangalore,India).Thisallows the company to serve its diverse base of250customers.AllofthisopensadoortorichopportunitiesforAlstompartners.“Wehaveagoodreputation fordeliveryand,throughourrelationshipswithcustomersandcities,definitelyhaveourfingeronthemobilitypulse,”addsMrRovira.Beyondthesurface,Alstomisequippedwithskills thatbring
unique added value to today’s new mobility order. “ Besides rollingstockandcomponents,weareworkinginmanylessimmediatelyobvious,transport-orientedfieldsliketelecoms,video analytics, data science, and biometrics. Plus, there’s ourdigitaldepartment,amajorasset,”pointsoutMrSantiago.“Throughpartnershipswearebuildingupexpertisetogethertoimproveouroffertocustomers.”
Experts: Rémi Rovira, Director, Madrid Innovation & Development Centre, Alstom, and Pablo Santiago, Madrid Innovation Programme Manager, Alstom
The smart journey is an open journey
*Specificexampleswithheldforconfidentialityreasons.
“Start-ups areextremelyagile
and this is important forabiggroup likeAlstom.”
Pablo Sant iago Madr id Innovat ionProgramme
Manager, A ls tom
22
Orchestrating future mobility: Part 2
Why is everyone in urban transport talking multimodality? For cities to meet growing mobility demand and effectively tackle issues like congestion and air pollution, they are going to need ultra- efficient systems. Such ‘smart’ systems (whereby all the different transport modes ‘talk to each other’) integrate aspects such as the dynamics of passenger flow, real-time traffic supervision, service disruptions and first/last-mile trips. This is the obvious way ahead.
“Themultimodalfutureofcitiesdependsontransforminghowservicesaredesigned,implementedandmanagedtoensuretheyfunctionmoreefficientlyasawhole,”saysPascalPoisson,OpenInnovationManageratAlstomDigitalMobility.
Themobilitysolutionhostedmodellingproject(ModélisationdeSolutionsdeMobilité,orMSM)ledbyFrenchdigitalacceleratorhubIRTSystemXisplayingapartinthistransformationprocess.Runningsince2016withAlstomonboard,itisafour-yearinitiativethataimstovalidate,inrealoperatingconditions,solutionsdevelopedtoimproveunderstandingoflocalmobilityandhelpboostjourneyflowforpeopletravellinginurbanareas.Areal-lifedemoinphase2intheParis-LaDéfensedistrict,isscheduledtostartinSeptember2018.
“Duringapreviousproject,weranourmultimodal,citymobilitysupervision and optimisation system as a demo in a simulated environment,onalargemultimodalhubinthesouthofParis(Massy),”explainsMrPoisson.“ThenextstepistheMSMproject,duringwhichwewanttomoveaheadfromsimulatingthecapabilitiesofthissystem,sincebaptisedMastria,tovalidatingtheminthefield.”“There’safurtherbenefitoftheMSMproject for Alstom, too,” he adds.“Workingwiththeotherprojectpartners
willenableustoaddextrafunctionstoMastria,andincreaseitsaddedvalue.”ThroughtheMSMinitiative,Alstomwilldemonstratethefollowingcapacities:•incidentpatternanalysisthankstobigdata;•neworkbehaviourpredictiontoforecasttrafficandpassenger flowwithinanhour’s time and to proposemakingoperationaldecisions;• evaluation of differentmultimodalregulationstrategies(e.g.addingvehiclesduringapeakhour);• and crisis incident simulations. “Mastria is built to help multimodal
transportoperatorsmeettheexpectationsoftheirtwoclientbases:contractualobligationstoorganisingauthoritiesandqualitycommitmentstoend-users,theriders,”saysMrPoisson.“Lookingtothenearfuture,thisqualitywillalsobejudgedonthedoor-to-doorjourneyexperience.”ThroughtheMSMproject,AlstomwantstoprovethesupervisioncapabilitiesofMastriaforfirst/last-kilometretravel,i.e.intelligentlymanagingtheflexibilityofservicesinsyncwiththereal-timeflowofhigh-capacity transport modes to ensure journey continuity.
TOWARDS A NEW APPROACH TO MOBILITY MANAGEMENTToday,citiesareseekingmobilitysolutionstotacklediverseissues,suchasgrowingtraveldemand(duetourbanpopulationgrowth),localairpollutionandtheneedtodiversifythetransportoffertomeetchangingworkpatterns.“Thisiswhytransport authorities want to improve the way mobility is governedandregulated,toprotectcollectiveinterests,”saysMr Poisson. Given the stakes at play, it makes sense these actorsareeyeingsolutionslikeMastriatohelpkeepthemattheforefrontoftomorrow’smobility.
Expert: Pascal Poisson, Open Innovation Manager, Alstom Digital Mobility
Paris:simulating
smart transport
SOUTH AFRICA
THE MSM PROJECT brings together industry actors Alstom, Bouygues Télécom, Cosmo Tech, OpenDataSoft, RATP, and Renault, as well as academic partners that include École polytechnique, IIfsttar, Institut Mines Télécom and Laboratoire Ville Mobilité Transport (LVMT).
23
Orchestrating future mobility: Part 2
SOUTH AFRICA
The historic city of Florence, in Tuscany, is not designed for modern traffic. Despite the city’s age, or perhaps because of it, it needs up-to-date solutions to allow people to get around efficiently.
Alstomisleadingapilotproject,knownas Mobility 4.0 Smart City, to improve the transportationmanagementsystemofthecity.“Theaimistopromotemoresustainableandefficientmobilitythoughan integrated system that candynamicallymanagedifferentmodesoftransport such as trains, buses, trams andthemetro,”saysBarbaraVenchiarutti,projectleader.
Alstomiscoordinatingthepilot,developingthemultimodalsupervisionsystemandactingassystemintegrator,workingwiththreeothercompaniesandtwoacademicinstitutions:Kiunsys,aPisa-basedcompanyandspecialistinsmartparkingandmobilitysolutions;Devitalia,atelecomsnetworkinfrastructureprovider;Tages,whichworksonsustainableandmultimodalurbanplanning;theUniversityofFlorence,whichhassignificantexperienceworkingwithbigdataandsimulations;andtheNationalInter-UniversityConsortiumforTelecommunications(CNIT),comprising37Italianuniversitieswithexpertiseinman/machineinterfacesinthemobilitysector.
ThegroupwilldefineasetofusecasesandKeyPerformanceIndicators(KPIs)togetherwiththemunicipalitytomonitorthemultimodal system capabilities, which will be utilised by the local mobilityoperator.Theywillbeabletocoordinatemoreefficientlywith other transport operators and, consequently, the overall transport network.
Thesixorganisationswilldevelopanintegratedsoftwaresystem,includingloThardwarewithAlstom’smultimodalsupervisionsoftwareMastria,atitscore.Thesystemwillthenbetestedbothin
the lab and the field. According to Paola Ponticelli, Kiunsys’s Business Developer, it is importantthatActiveParking Management functions arevalidatedinthefield,astheydemonstratethegroup’scoordinationcapabilities.
“The solution will give real-timerecommendationstoallowforpromptresponses to external events, such as weather-relateddisruptionsandtrafficaccidents, with adequate services. It will also help provide long-termrecommendations to optimise the municipality’smobilityplanning,”says
MsVenchiarutti. “Anotherbenefitof theprojectwillbesmoothertravelwithintheregion,particularlyviapublictransport,”sheadds.“Weneedtoensureamorecomfortableexperienceforpublictransportpassengersandcanmakethishappenbycombiningpeople flowdemandmodelsanddynamicmultimodaladjustmentswithinthesolution.”
FlorencewillbeanidealshowcaseforAlstom’stechnologybecauseithasawiderangeofmobilityconditionsanddifferentmodesoftransport,includingthesoon-to-opensecondandthirdtramlines,whichmayoptimisethenumberofbusesinthecity.SinceFlorencereceivesaconsistentincomingmobilityflow,theprojectwillexpandtothesurroundingarea,includingthetrafficarteriesfromPisaandtheportcityofLivorno.
“Alstomunderstandstheneedsandthenetworksofthesetwocities,alongwithFlorence.Throughthispilot,wewillbeableto come up with solutions that can be scaled up and applied to largemetropolitancities,”MsVenchiaruttisays.“Everycityhasits own conditions, so it is important that the multimodal managementsystemwedeployisflexibleenoughtoadapttoeverycity’sneeds.”
Expert: Barbara Venchiarutti, Project Leader, Alstom
Tuscany:learning to orchestrate
the city
MOBILITY 4.0 SMART CITY is a pilot coordinated by Alstom. It involves regional industry actors such as Kiunsys, Devitalia and Tages, as well as the University of Florence and the National Inter-University Consortium for Telecommunications.
24
Orchestrating future mobility: Part 2
Creating a city with Minecraft or SimCity mirrors the concept of modelling an urban ecosystem in many ways, but the reality is far more complex. In the real world, it acts as a representative tool of how people interact with their surroundings.
Modellers can leverage core functions thanks to newcomputationalresourcesandpower,arangeofstructuredand unstructured data and better interactions between modellers and the city planners workingfortheauthorities.Buteachtypeofmodelhastobeunique.AsDrLidiaMontero,AssociateProfessoroftheDepartmentofOperationsResearchat theUniversityof Barcelona, explains, there is not just one type ofmodelthatcanbereplicatedacrossallurbanecosystems.Thereasonisthatevenwithinamodel,therearedifferentaspectsthatneedtobetakenintoaccountdependingon the local context and its complex system.
WHAT’S CHANGED?Today,modellingurbanareashasbecomemore difficult due to accelerated urbangrowth. But perhapsmore importantly,technologyhaschangedthewaythatthosewhoaredevelopingmodelswork.“Throughout my long career, we weredevelopingmodelswithonlyafewpiecesofdata.Nowwiththevolumeofdataandanalyticstheproblemistheopposite–wehavelotsofdata,butthat’snotenoughinitself,”saysDrMontero.Shesuggeststhatreal-timedataandanalyticswill allow developers to make more sophisticated models. For example,knowingwhetheratrainrouteshouldbeinacertainplacemaymakesenseatonetime,butbecauseofothercityplans to build residential homes, this may not be possible. Havingup-to-dateinformationcanenablemodellerstoseehowanareaischangingandwhatiscausingthosechanges,andanticipatetheimpact.ButaccordingtoDrMontero,learninghow to use data is not an easy task because it requires that
companiescollaborateinordertofusedatatogether,anddetermineitsaccuracy.“WehavedatafromcompaniesthatdoanalyticswithGPSpositionsfrombeacons,enablingthemtoobtaintraveltimesanddatarelatedtotraffic,butwehavetovalidatethissourceofdata.”Whilethequalityofthedataisnotalwaysguaranteed,themodelsarealreadyyieldingvaluablelessons.DrMonteroandher team contributed to the UrbanCo-Carproject, based on
thedigitalmodellingofacentralBarcelonaneighbourhood.Theresearchersworkedwithavirtualvehiclefleetwithdynamicallysharedroutes,aimingtoabsorb10%of the tripscurrentlymadebyprivatevehicles.Theprojecthelpedmeasuretheimpactofashared-vehiclesystemwithtotal-orpartially-overlappingroutes,revealingvaluableinsightsaboutfleetmanagement,flexibilityofroutesandsystemaccessibility.
A PATH TOWARDS MODELLING MOBILITYDrMonteroishopefulthatmodellerswillworkwithcompaniesanddatascientiststomakegooduseofthisdata.“Infiveyears,wearegoingtobeabletousesomenewsourcesofdataeasily,whichwill allow us to model with constantly updated dataofasituationandthecity–andthenwecanfocusonmodellingmobility,”shesays.“Therearenewtypesoftransportationservicesthatcouldrequiremodelling–sonotjustbusesandtrains,buttheabilitytofurthermodelcarsharingormultiple-passengerridesharingor
demand-responsivetransport,”sheadds.Whiletechnologyanddataareprovidingmodellerswithuniquechallenges,theyarealsoprovidingthebasisformuchmoresophisticated models, and this will enable smart cities and smarttransportnetworkstoflourish.
Expert: Dr Lidia Montero, Barcelona Virtual Mobility Lab Project Leader and Associate Professor, University of Barcelona
“Infiveyears,wearegoingtobeable to use some new
sourcesofdataeasily[…] then we can focusonmodelling
mobility.”Dr L id ia Montero,
Barce lona Vi r tua l Mobi l i ty Lab Pro ject Leader andAssoc iate Professor,
Univers i ty o f Barce lona
Expert :Dr L id ia Montero
Whatdoesittaketomodelan urban ecosystem?
1
3
4
5
6
2
BOOKING POSSIBILITY
PREDICTIVE ANALYSIS
PEOPLE FLOWANALYTICS
CONNECTION MANAGEMENT
REAL-TIME PASSENGER INFORMATION
Your train is 10 minutes late. Should I order an espresso?
Weather alert: storm expected. See alternative route by shuttle.
6:15 p.m.
Your shuttle is awaiting train arrival.
Your pre-ordered bike #14 is free outside office.
6:00 p.m.
Leonard Street under construction: Follow alternative route.
Timetable updated, see optimised departures.
6:07 p.m.
8:29 a.m.
8:00 a.m. 8:12 a.m.
INCIDENT DETECTION + DYNAMIC ROUTING
The smart journey
Smart multimodal mobility requires planning, detection, optimisation, orchestration and information-sharing with passengers, in order to provide a seamless journey with minimal costs and environmental impacts and optimised flow, while responding to passenger preferences.
Control centre
R E F E R E N C E S
1. MaxRamsay,‘Afterfiftyyearsoffalsestarts,isBogotafinallyabout to build its metro?’CityMetric,October2017.
2. WarwickGoodall,TiffanyDoveyFishman,JustineBornsteinand Brett Bonthron, ‘Theriseofmobilityasaservice,Reshapinghowurbanitesgetaround,’DeloitteReview,issue20,2017.
3. INRIXGlobalTrafficScorecard,2017.
4. Federico Guerrini, ‘TrafficCongestionCostsAmericans $124BillionAyear,ReportSays,’Forbes,October2014.
5. StevenR.Gehrke,AlisonFelixandTimothyReardon, ‘FareChoices,ASurveyofRide-HailingPassengersinMetroBoston,’ MetropolitanAreaPlanningCouncil,Report#1,February2018.
6. DavidA.Hensher,‘Tacklingroadcongestion- whatmightitlooklikeinthefuture?’InstituteofTransportandLogisticsStudies,TheBusinessSchool,UniversityofSydney,December2017.
7. Tod.org,TheTransitOrientedDevelopmentInstitute
8. ‘WhatCitiesCanLearnFromGreaterToronto’s Transit-OrientedDevelopment,’SmartCitiesDive;JohnKarras,‘HowYourCityCanSucceedInTransitOrientedDevelopment,’ UrbanSCALE.com,March2014.
9. JohnUrry,JoanneLeach,NickDunn,ClaireCoultonand theLiveableCitiesTeam,‘TheLittleBookofCarFreeCities,’ LancasterUniversity,2017.
10. CottenSeiler,‘We’restillmarriedtothecar–eventhough we don’t love it any more,’TheGuardian,March2018.
11. LiuShaokun,‘CanChinesecitiesleavethecarbehind?’ Chinesedialogue.net,May2018.
12. AbdulMontaqim,‘Realworldusecasesforreal-time data analytics,’EnterpriseManagement360°,January2016.
13. ‘ResearchforTRANCommittee-Theworldischanging.Transport,too.’Directorate-GeneralforInternalPolicies, PolicyDepartmentB:StructuralandCohesionPolicies, EuropeanParliament’sCommitteeonTransportandTourism,2016.
For more information visit www.alstom.com
France, Europe, Middle East & AfricaAlstom48,rueAlbertDhalenne93482Saint-OuenCedex-FranceTelephone:+33157069000
Latin AmericaAlstomVirgilioWeyStreet,150ÁguaBranca05036-050SãoPaulo/SP-BrazilTelephone:+55113617-8000
Asia PacificAlstomNo.66/02,EmbassyPrime,BWing3rdFloor,CVRamanNagar,Bangalore-560093Karnataka-IndiaTelephone:+918046412400
North AmericaAlstom641LexingtonAvenueNewYork,NY10022-USATelephone:+12126925320
www.alstom.com
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