oracle underground kestner

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Database Security & Compliance Inside OutPeter KestnerTechnology Director – Database Security Oracle Core Technology EMEA

26th February 2009

Hack3rs / Insiders--- a view from the underground ---

Information Security Has Changed

1996

• Hobby Hackers

• Web Site Defacement

• Viruses

• Infrequent Attacks

2009

• Rentable professional Hackers

• Criminals

• Denial of Service

• Identity Theft

• Constant Threat

Mythos Hacker

sneakers

Underground naming conventions

Whitehats Greyhats Blackhats(increasing)

Script Kiddies

Criminality

Scene

OOO

O

O

Underground organisation

Programer

Logistican

Marketender

Spam Spionage(increasing)

Sabotage(increasing)

Organized Computer Crime

Flexible businessmodels

GroupOrgnisations

(fast exchange)

Hacking Steps

• Targeting

• Information collection

• Social engineering

• Social networking

• Underground scene consolidation

Preparation Phase

• Detailed planning

• Risk analysis

• Staffing

• Alternative plans

• Methods

• Techniques

• Choose precautions

Planing Phase

• Attack

• Backdoor installation

• Track cleaning

HACK

legal Illegal

observation take down

Official statistics Secret Service Germany

Dramatic increase of the computer crimesince the last 12 years (professionalism)

Highest proportion of damage by insiders(sabotage, spying,Information selling)

Typical Hacker is male and over 21;BUT starts at 14 !!!

Criminal Energy

Know How

ClassicCriminal

Prof. HackersIndustry Spy

Secret Service

Script Kiddies

Interested computer users

ClassicHacker

discovered Hacksby police and secret service

Profiling Hackers

Insider

Quality

Time1990 2000 2009

HackingTools

Know How

Enlightenment success

Computer Crime Development

1980

Computer Criminality

Short Facts

87% of all Databases are compromised over the Operating System

80% of the damage is caused by insiders

1% of all professional hacks are only recognized

10% of all “standard hacks” are made public

Highscore List

63 sec Windows NT4.0 WKST, SP4

40 sec Windows XP SP2

70 sec Windows 2003 Server

140 sec Linux Kernel 2.6.

190 sec Sun Solaris 5.9 with rootkit

...

Source: Black Hat Convention 2008

55 sec Windows Vista

List includes also AIX, HPUX, OS2, OSX, IRIX, …

Shopping List 2007/2008

$50,000 Windows Vista Exploit (4000$ for WMF Exploit in Dec2005)

$7 per ebay-Account

$20,000 medium size BOT network

$30,000 unknown security holes in well known applications

$25-60 per 1000 BOT clients / week

Source: heise security, DEFCON 2008, BlackHat 2008

Crisis Shopping List 2009

$100,000 Destruction of competitor image

$250,000 Full internal competitor database

$25 Per credit card account (+sec code + valid date)

$20,000 Medium size BOT network (buy or rent)

$2,000 Stolen VPN connection

$5,000 Contact to “turned around” insider

Source: heise security, DEFCON 2008, BlackHat 2008

Hacking methods / techniques

Active Hack

Passive Hack

Internal Hack

External Hack

Technical Hack

Nontechnical Hack

Over 80% ofall hacks aredone frominternal

At the moment oneof the dangerous andeffective methodsin the scene

Hack3rs / Insiders

Insider Examples

European headlines 2008:

- Lost top secret document about Al Quaida (public train)- Stolen data of thousand prisoners and prison guards- Personal information of 70Mio people unencrypted on DVD‘s lost- Bank employee gambled with 5.4Bio US$- 88% of admins would steal sensitive corporate informations- Industry espionage by insiders increased dramatically- Biggest criminal network (RBN) still operating- Thousands of stolen hardware equipement @ US Army- US Army lost 50.000 personal data of former soliers- Chinas “Red Dragon“ organization cracked German gov network- Lichtenstein Affaire – Insider vs. Secret Service- ..- .

Insider Threat

- huge internal know how

- powerful privileges

- track cleaning

- „clearance“ problem

- foreign contact persons / turnovers

Easier exchange of sensitive data

(hacker‘s ebay, RBN, paralell internet, dead postboxes...)

Large percentage of threats go undetected

Outsourcing and off-shoring trend becomes now a governmental problem (judgement decission)

Official Statistics Databreach Report Verízon 2008

Industry relation


Relation internal / external


3 years development


Location of attacking IP’s

Conclusion - Best Practice

Conclusion

Security IS NOT a product; it iss an ongoing living process

Assessment Protection

Detection Response

Security IS an intelligent combination of more areas -> “Big picture“

Focus on your data, not on the technology

Security is a race, if you stop runningYou‘ll lose

• External Attackers

• Internal Threats

• Image Damage

• Internal Security Regulations

• …

• ..

• .

Problem

• Separation of duties• Insider threat protection• Strong access authentication• Strong encryption (DB/OS/Net)• Fine grained real time external

auditing• Data consolidation control• High availability + Security

combination

• Advanced Security Options (ASO)

• Network encryption

• Transparent data encryption

• Strong authentication

• Database Vault

• Audit Vault

• Secure Backup

• Virtual Privat Database (VPD)

• Oracle Label Security (OLS)

• Data Masking

• Total Recall

Oracle Differentiator / no competition

Oracle Solution Oracle Security Product

Oracle Security Solutions

Auditing Database Activity for Security and Compliance with Oracle Audit Vault Pierre LeonDatabase Technology GroupOracle Database Security

© 2008 Oracle Corporation 30

Oracle Is A Strong Performer In Enterprise Database Auditing; Tops Native DBMS Auditing

Oracle is the technology leader when it comes to databases, and Oracle gives database security and auditing the same level of commitment and focus as other database features. Besides Oracle’s native auditing, Oracle recently released the Audit Vaultproduct, which offers more advanced auditing features including the ability to centralize auditing for large environments that deal with many databases.

The Forrester Wave™: Enterprise Database Auditing And Real-Time

Protection, Q4 2007


Risks to Your Data Rising

• Digital data explosion: 1800 exabytes by 2011 (IDC)• Databases now the most valuable assets• Face more threats then ever

• need for greater access to data• insider theft and fraud• external “insiders”• hackers attacking from inside the firewall

• More than 87% of data breaches could have been prevented, more than half the result of business partners or insiders (Verizon Business Risk Team)


Compliance and Privacy Bar Rising

• Hundreds of data protection regulations worldwide and increasing

• 90% companies behind in compliance according to IT Policy Compliance Group

• Data breach disclosure laws have increased visibility and cost• Up to $35M/breach to remediate

• Databases are the first place IT auditors look• Least privilege• Separation of duties• Demonstrable controls


Data MaskingTDE Tablespace Encryption

Oracle Audit VaultOracle Database Vault

Transparent Data Encryption (TDE)Real-Time Column Masking

Secure Configuration ScanningClient Identity Propagation

Fine Grained AuditingOracle Label Security

Proxy AuthenticationEnterprise User Security

Virtual Private Database (VPD)Database Encryption API

Strong Authentication Native Network Encryption

Database Auditing Government Customer

Security Always on the Oracle Roadmap

Oracle 7

Oracle 8i

Oracle Database 9i

Oracle Database 10g

Oracle Database 11g


Database Security & Compliance

Protecting Access Protecting Access to Application Datato Application Data

Data Data ClassificationClassification

Database Database Monitoring Monitoring

DeDe--Identifying Identifying InformationInformation

Data Data EncryptionEncryption


Directly From Our Customers…

• “The quarterly reports we need to prove SOX and HIPAA compliance take too much time to generate.”

• “Our IT auditors told us we need more internal controls -especially privileged user monitoring - for compliance.”

• “Our current homegrown solutions cannot scale and it is difficult to keep up with evolving requirements from auditors

• “We want to self-assess on a continuous basis to ensure we are in compliance before our PCI auditors show up.”

• “We have Oracle database auditing turned on but we don’t have tools for analysing the data.”


Oracle Audit Vault

Agents collect enterprise audit data into scalable secure Audit Data Warehouse

DB2Sybase

• Collect and consolidate audit data• Simplify compliance reporting• Alert on security threats• Lower IT costs with audit policies

MonitorPolicies

Reports Security


Audit Data Consolidated and Categorised

• Who: DB user, OS user, Client Identifier• What: operation, object, transaction time• Where: database identifier, machine name,

terminal identifier, IP address• More info: Before/after values, SQL text, …• Built-in reports are categorised based on

activity


Oracle Audit Vault Collectors

• Oracle Database Audit Data• Sources: Oracle Database 9iR2, 10g, 11g• Audit Data Supported:

• Audit table, OS files, syslog, XML• Transaction log• Oracle Database Vault audit data

• Automated Audit Trail clean-up after collection• Microsoft SQL Server Audit Data

• Sources: Microsoft SQL Server 2000 & 2005• Audit Data Supported:

• Server side trace• Windows event audit• C2

• Also: IBM UDB2 and Sybase


Oracle Audit Vault Warehouse

• Scalable• Built-in partitioning• Oracle RAC certified

• Flexible • Open warehouse schema • Oracle Business Intelligence Publisher • Oracle Application Express• Custom or 3rd party tools

• Secure• Data encrypted in transit from source to Audit Vault• Audit data automatically deleted from source after collection• Separation of Duty – Administrator v. Auditor• Database Vault protects the audit data


Oracle Audit Vault Reporting

• Built-in customisable compliance reports• Privileged user activity, role grants• DDL activity

• User defined reports• What privileged users did on the financial

database?• What user ‘A’ did across multiple databases?


Oracle Audit Vault Customised Reports

• Filter audit data• Highlight audit records using condition values• Create charts and graphs• Save and share custom reports


Unified Reports Across All Databases

• Audit data normalised for consolidated reporting


Oracle Audit Vault Alerts

• Efficient scanning• Inbound audit data scanning

• Alerts can be defined for• Direct views of sensitive data• New user creation• Role grants• “DBA” grants• Failed logins• Table drops• Other enterprise-defined security

policies


Oracle Audit Vault Policy Management

• Policy Definition• Named, centrally managed, collection

of audit settings• SOX, HIPAA, PCI• Settings can be extracted from any

database with auditing configured• Policy Provisioning

• Policy audit settings can be applied to databases from the central Audit Vault console

• Policy maintenance• Compare and contrast approved policy

with current settings• Detect and correct policy exceptions

SOX Audit Settings

Privileged User Audit Settings

Privacy Audit Settings

Financial Database

Customer Database

HR Database

Oracle Audit Vault


What Do You Need To Audit?Database

Audit RequirementsSOX PCI

DSS HIPAA Basel II FISMA GLBA

Accounts, Roles & PermissionsDo you have visibility of GRANT and REVOKE activities?

● ● ● ● ● ●

Failed LoginsDo you have visibility of failed logins and other exception activities?

● ● ● ● ● ●

Privileged User Activity Do you have visibility of users activities?

● ● ● ● ● ●

Access to Sensitive DataCan you have visibility into what information is being queried (SELECTs)?

● ● ● ● ●

Schema ChangesAre you aware of CREATE, DROP and ALTER Commands that are occurring on identified Tables / Columns?

● ● ● ● ● ●

Data ChangesDo you have visibility into Insert, Update, Merge, Delete commands?

● ●


Oracle Audit Vault

D E M O N S T R A T I O N


Audit Vault Demo Summary

• Audit sensitive tables on source databases• Use alerts to detect policy violations in near-real-time • View alert reports and optionally setup email to be

sent to security team when an alert is triggered• View specific SQL statements executed by users• View the before/after values of sensitive data changes• Create customised reports to highlight sensitive table

access


Database Vault

Oracle Database Security Solutions

Data Masking

Advanced Security

Label Security

SecureBackup

Audit Vault

Configuration Management

47986 $5%&*

TotalRecall

oracle underground kestner

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