oracle: diameter requirements for 3g/lte/ims
TRANSCRIPT
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Diameter Requirements for 3G/LTE/IMS
Jonathan Zarkower
Director of Product Marketing
Session Delivery Infrastructure
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The all-IP signaling future
All-IP networks are built differently
– SIP to establish communication
sessions
– Diameter to exchange subscriber
profile data
Exploding signaling traffic
– Moving beyond voice - UC, RCS
messaging, collaboration
– Extreme mobile data usage
– Mobile device proliferation –
smartphones, tablets, M2M
– Increased mobility and roaming
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Diameter applications in LTE & IMS
Attachment/registration
Authentication & authorization
Mobility/tracking
Authentication & authorization
Data and voice sessions
QoS & charging
Roaming
AAA, charging & QoS
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Myriad Diameter interfaces in LTE and IMS
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Diameter Signaling Controllers
IPX/
roaming
hub
Service provider
Visited service
provider
HSS, OCS, PCRF
MME, PDN GW, GGSN, CSCF, AS
• RFC 3588 Diameter agent
• 3GPP Diameter Routing Agent (DRA)
• 3GPP Subscriber Location Function (SLF)
• GSMA Diameter Edge Agent (DEA)
Key functions
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Edge and Core DSCs
• Data roaming
• VoLTE roaming
• Services federation
Edge
• Aggregation & routing
• OCS proxy
• HSS/AAA proxy
• PCRF proxy
Core
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DSCs – Different from STPs
Diameter lacks tight control, congestion
management and resource allocation
provided by M3UA/SCCP/TCAP/MAP
– Similar to the ISUP to SIP paradigm shift
– Same challenges in Signaling Control for
Diameter and SIP
– Routing logic may be based on multiple
flexible criteria
Diameter is an IP protocol!
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Diameter Signaling Pain Points
Network Scalability
& Route
Complexity
Interoperability Security and Service
Availability
Visibility
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Goals – Dynamic and Scalable Routing
Support for AAA, QoS, mobility and charging applications
– Subscriber-based routing (IMSI-HSS matching and
home network resolution)
– Roaming steering (preferred network selection)
– IMSI-to-resource mapping
– Session binding for PCRF
– Route around failures
– Customer-defined applications
Benefits
– Enforce complex business logic
– Architectural flexibility and
future-proof
– Easy to provision and troubleshoot
– Highly scalable
– Service continuity
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Goals – Interoperability and Interworking
Requirement DSC Functions/Features
Diameter signaling
normalization
Message manipulation before and after
message routing
Search and modify on any AVP (attribute value
pair)
Transport layer interworking Interworking between SCTP, TCP, SCTP over
IPsec, TCP over IPsec
IP address interworking Interworks IPv4 to IPv6 transport
IPv4-IPv4 bridging
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Goals – Security and Service Availability
Requirement DSC Functions/Features
Secure border & protect
the Diameter core
Wire-speed, DDoS and access controls
Diameter signaling rate limiting
Hide topology from roaming partners
Confidentiality of roaming information
Authentication of untrusted 3rd parties
Prevent unauthorized service IMSI range blocking
Ensure service availability Integrated Diameter overload controls
Anomaly isolation - Single Diameter element
cannot inadvertently interrupt service
Prevent starvation attacks
Scale security
Purpose-built platforms
Integrated and scalable encryption
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Goals – Controlling Overload and Congestion
Requirement DSC Functions/Features
Control and monitor Diameter
signaling traffic
Transaction rate policing by agent or group
Monitor upstream and downstream agent
availability
Increase network scale Diameter load balancing
Protect upstream devices
Message filtering
Policy based AVP forwarding and rejection
by ingress/egress realm, originating host,
specific AVPs
Fine grained message control based on
application-id and message command-code
Increase network resiliency
& failure response
Agent failure detection and route-around
Report on network failures
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Goals – Visibility Centralized Network Management Monitoring and KPI Reporting
• Manage large number of DSCs
• Easy-to-use (GUI)
• Common management for all elements
• Flow-through provisioning via APIs
Scalable easy-to-use
management
• Overload and security attacks
• Diameter connection failures
• Diameter agent reachability
• System health events
Respond to attacks,
overload and failures
• Comprehensive KPIs: all Diameter interfaces
• Multi-level: System, Diameter interface and agent
• OSS ready: CLI, HDR, SNMP
Monitor network
performance
• Detailed transaction analysis
• Capture/analysis of Diameter packets
• Extensive alarm and event logging
• Diameter debugging information
• Reliable Diameter accounting
Troubleshoot and diagnose
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Core Diameter Routing Solution
Core DSC
– Universal Diameter agent
Online charging (OCS) – Gy, Rf, Ro
QoS / policy (PCRF) – Gx, Rx
Subscriber profile/AAA (HSS) –
S6a, S6b, S6d, Swm
– 3GPP DRA and SLF functions
– Connection aggregation,
routing & load balancing
– Overload control
– Layer 3-5 interworking
– Reporting and analysis
Benefits
– Streamlined and scalable network
– Improved network resiliency
– Lower total cost of ownership
– Faster time to market
– Enhanced visibility and manageability
Before
After
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Data and VoLTE Roaming Solution
Comprehensive SIP and Diameter control across roaming
ecosystem
– Edge DSC – GSMA DEA functions
– Access SBC – Visited P-CSCF
– I-SBC – I-BCF/TrGW, TRF & IPX Proxy
Secure Diameter and SIP borders to assure service availability
End-to-end interworking
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Services Federation Solution
Federated premium service delivery
– Voice and unified communications
– Messaging
– Video
SIP and Diameter control
– Interconnect DSC providing GSMA DEA functions
– Interconnect SBC providing I-BCF/TrGW functions
– Routing, securing, interoperating inter-network traffic
– Subscriber profile AAA (HSS)
– Online charging (OCS)
– QoS/policy (PCRF)
– Security at Diameter and SIP borders
– Comprehensive L3-L5 interworking
Benefits
– New business model and revenue share
– Service/network availability
– Rapid time to market
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Lessons Learned
Diameter signaling is prominent in LTE and IMS
Device proliferation is only going to increase – Data services + VoLTE
Transition from SS7 to Diameter poses wide array of challenges
Diameter signaling controllers scale, protect and simplify LTE
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