optometric manpower: characteristicsof optometric practice

DATA ON NATIONAL HEALTH RESOURCESSeries 14Number 13

Optometric Manpower:Characteristics ofOptometric PracticeUnitedStates-1968

From information collected in a national survey of optometrists con-ducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, statistics arepresented describing features of optometric practice in the UnitedStates in 1968. These features include the form and composition ofpractice arrangements, primary and secondary activities of the prac-titioners, the range of services that practitioners provided and thenumbers and types of supplementary personnel that the optome-trist used to assist him in his practice.

DHEW Publication No. (HRA) 74-1808

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE

Public Health Service

Health Resources Administration

National Center for Health Statistics

Rockville, Md. June 1974

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Optometric manpower.

(Data on national health resources, ser. 14, no. 13) (DHEW publication no. (HFM) 74-1 808)Supt. of Dots. no.: HE 20.2210: 14/13.1. Optometrists–United States–Statistics.

I. Phillips, Hazel M., joint author. 11.Title. III. Series: United States. National Center fur Hc:llthStatistics. Vital and health statistics. Series 14: Data on national health resources: mw-ip(jfvurand facilities, no. 13. IV. Series: United States. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare. DI-IEWpublication no. (HRA) 74-1808. [DNLhI: 1. Optometry -Manpower-U.S. W2A N 14Snv nn. 131974]RE942.K6 331.1’26 74-2154ISBN 0–8406–0005–4

For sale by the Superintendent of Documeuts, U.S. Go’iernnmt Printing Ofiice, Washington, D.C. 20402- Mcc $1.2S

—

NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS

EDWARD B. PERRIN, Ph.D., Director

PHILIP S. LAWRENCE, SC.D., Deputy DirectorDEAN E. KRUEGER, Acting Associate Director for Analysis

GAIL F. FISHER, Associate .Directorfor the Cooperative FZeukh Statistics SystemELIJAH L. WHITE, Associate Director for Jlzta Systems

IWAO M. MORIYAMA, Ph. D., Associate Director for International Statistical ProgramsEDWARD E. MINTY, Associate Director for Management

ROBERT A. ISR4EL, Associate Director for OperationsQUENTIN R. REMEIN, Associate Director for Program Development

PHILIP S. LAWRENCE, SC.D., Acting Associate Director for ResearchALICE HAYWOOD, Information Officer

DIVISION OF HEALTH MANPOWER AND FACILITIES STATISTICS

GLORIA HOLLIS, Acting DirectorSHELDON STARR, Acting Deputy Director

HENRY MOUNT, Chief Health Manpower Statistics Branch

GLORIA HOLLIS, Acting Chief Health Facilities Statistics BranchSHELDON STARR, Acting chief Technical Seruices Branch

Vital and Health Statistics-Series 14. No. 13

DHEW Publication No. (HRA) 74-1808Library of Congress Catalog Gzrd Number 74-2154

CONTENTS

Introduction . ----------------------- -------- --. -a--- ------------------

1968 Optometrists in Perspective -------- ---------------- ---------------

General Demographic and Professional Characteristics -----------------

Characteristics of Optometric Practice -------- ------------------------ --

Form and Composition of Independent Practice Arrangements ------- ----Primary and Secondary Activities --------------------------- ---------

Patient Services Rendered ----- ”------------------ -------------------Volume of Patient-Care Activity ---------------- ----- ”-- -------- ------

Utilization of Supplementary Personnel . ----- ”-------------------- -------GeneraI Characteristics of Users of Auxiliary personnel ---------------Number of Supplementary Personnel -.------ ------------------------ .

Conditions of Utilization------. ---------q ---------------------------Utilization of Secretaries and/or Receptionists ------------------------Utilization of General Optometric Assistants ------------------------ --

Utilization of Optometric Technicians --------------------------- ----.-

Utilization of Dispensing Opticians ------------------------ -----------Utilization of Contact Lens Technicims -------------------------------Utilization of Optical Technicians -- . ---. ---- .- ”------------- ---------

Summary . .-- .---” ------------------ ---------------------------- ---

List of Detailed Tables --------------------------- --. ----- ”------------

Appendix 1. Technical Notes ------------------------ ---------------- “

Background of Report ----- .---” ---------- --------------------------- -

Survey Coverage ---------------- ------------------------ -----------

Data Collection md Processing --------------------------------------Response to the Survey ------------------------ ----------------------

Item Response -------- ------a- ------------------------ “------- -----

Imputation for Unknowns --------------------------- -“------- --------

State and National Estimates ------------------------ -------- -------- -

Rounding ---------------- “------- ---------------- ---- ” -------------

Appendix II. Definitions . -------------------------- --------- -“------- -

Appendix III. Survey Questionnaire . . . . . . --------------------- ----------

Page

1

22

44455

99

101112131314141516

17

737373737374747575

77

78

. . .Ill

SYMBOLS

Data not available ----------------------- ---

Category not applicable ------------------ . . .

Quantity zero --------------------------- -

Quantity more than Obutless than O.05---- 0.0

Figure doesnot meet standardsofreliability or precision (more than30percent relative standard error)--------- *

iv

OPTOMETRIC MANPOWER:CHARACTERISTICS OF OPTOMETRIC PRACTICE

Hugo K. Koch, M. H. A., and Hazel M. PhillipsDivision of Health Manpower and Facilities Statistics

INTRODUCTION

This is the sixth in a series of reports fromthe findings of a national survey of manpower inthe eye-care occupations in 1968 and 1969. The

survey, conducted by the National Center forI Icalth Statistics with the active assistance of theBureau of the Census, had as its goal to elicitinformation about ophthalmologists, optometrists,w-id opticians and about the supplementary per-sonnel who assisted these primary functionaries

in the provision of eye-care services. The fivepreviously published reports based on the survey

findings are:

Opticians Employed in Health Services. Vitaland Health Stutktics. DHEW Publication No.(HSM) 72-1025, Series 14- No. 3. June 1972

Ophthalmology Manpower: A General Profile.Vital and Health Statistics. DHEW Publication

No. (HSM) 73-1800, Series 14 - No. 5. De-cember 1972

Ophthalmology Manpower: Characteristics ofClinical Practice. Vitaland Health Statistics.DIHEW Publication No. (HSM) 73-1802, Series14- No. 7, March 1973

Optometrists Employed in Health Services.I’itul and Health Statistics. DHEW Publica-

tion No, (HSM) 73-1803, Series 14 - No. 8.March 1973

Ophthalmology Manpower: Utilization of Sup-

plementary Personnel. Vital and Health Sta-

tistics. DHE W Publication No. (HSM) 73-1804,Series 14, No. 9. May 1973

The present report is the second report whichdescribes personnel who provided optometric

services in this Nation in 1968. A previous reporton optometric manpower outlined the generaldemographic and professional characteristics ofoptometrists who were active and inactive in their

profession at the time of the survey; selectedstatistics from this report are presented on pages2 and 3. The present report, which contains 27

detailed statistical tables, presents statistics on

several of the more specific features of optome-tric practice. These features include the form andcomposition of practice arrangements, primaryand secondary activities of the optometric prac-

titioner, and the range of optometric servicesthat the practitioner provided. A substantial por-tion of the report is devoted to the numbers andtypes of supplementary personnel that the optome-trist used to assist him in his practice. The 27detailed tables that are found in this report areoptometrists by number of patient visits per week(tables 1-3), number of patients seen per week(tables 4-6), number of supplementary personnelof all types used to assist the optometrist in

practice, such as secretaries and/or recep-

tionists, general optometric assistants, optomet-ric technicians, dispensing opticians, contactlens technicians, and optical technicians (tables

7-27).Statistics used in the two reports on optomet-

ric manpower ref Iect the application of a stat is -

tical adjustment designed to compensate for total

or partial nonresponse to the survey question-

1

naire. The adjustment yielded an estimate of18,427 for the number of optometrists active intheir profession at the time of the 1968 survey;this figure supplied the statistical base for mostof the tables and textual discussion that appearedin the first report. Very few members of thisactive universe occupied themselves solely withactivities such as teaching, research, or adminis-tration—activities which excluded patient care.About 99 percent of the active universe reportedthat they devoted at least some part of theirweekly professional effort to the care of optomet-ric patients. This 99 percent, numbering 18,299practitioners, make up the report universe for thepresent report; they are the chief subjects of itstabular data and textual commentary.

In the pages that follow, comparison willsometimes be made between the practice char-acteristics of optometrists and those of the oph-thalmologists surveyed in 1968 (Series 14, No. 7),

especially when the two professional groups ap-pear to overlap in the patient services that theyoffered and in their respective utilizations of theavailable manpower resource in supplementaryeye-care personnel.

The text is supported by the 27 detailed sta-tistical tables and three appendixes, Appendix Iexplains the methodology that was used in the col-lection and processing. of data obtained from the1968 survey of optometrists. Appendix II definescertain terms used in the report and Appendix IIIis a facsimile of the questionnaire used to surveyoptometrists in 1968.

1968 OPTOMETRISTSIN PERSPECTIVE

General Demographic and

Professional Characteristics

The following statistics were selected fromthe earlier report, Optometrists Employed inHealth Services: United States- 1968 (Series 14,Number 8), the first report on optometric man-power from the findings of the 1968 survey.

There were an estimated 20,301 civilian op-tometrists in the United States in 1968. Of these,1,873 optometrists, or about 9 percent of the total,were inactive in their profession, 922 by reasonof retirement and 951 for other reasons. About91 percent of the total, 18,427 optometrists, wereactively engaged in professional optometric ac-tivities, a ratio of 9.3 active optometrists to every100,000 persons in the general population.

The geographic distribution of optometristsdid not always mirror the distribution of thegeneral population, as is revealed in table A. Theratio of optometrists to population was lowest inthe South Region although the largest regionalproportion of the Nation’s population was to befound in the South. The North Central Region wasfavored over other regions both in the percent ofall active optometrists located there and in thefact that it boasted the second highest ratio ofoptometrists to general population. The WestRegion had the highest ratio— 11.2 optometristsper 100,000 population. For a more localized

Table A, Percent distribution of 1968 civilian population, active optometrists, and ratesper 100,000 population, according to geographic region: United States, 1968

1968 OptometristsGeographic region civilian Act i.ve

optometrists per 100,000population population

United States -------- ------ -------- ----

Northeast -------- ------- ”-------- ------------North Central ---------------- -------- --------South -------- -------- -------- . . . . . . . . --------West -------------- ------- ------- ------- ------

Percent di.stribut ion I100,0 100.0 9.3

24.4 25.828.0 31.9 J::31.0 22.416.6 19.9 1;: :

I I

2

analysis of optometrist concentration, refer to 2 percent of active optometrists devoted somefigure 1 where the ratio of active optometrists part of their working time to teaching in schoolsto general population is pictured by State. of optometry; about 6 percent were engaged to

The median age of all active optometrists some degree in optometric research; and aboutwas 47.5 years, with about 55 percent of theirnurnlwr located in the age interva140-54 years./ibout ~8 percent of all active optometrists were

male. About 76 percent were licensed in only oneState. The typical optometrist reported aworking

ycwr that exceeded4S weeks anda working weekof m.tghly 40 hours. A substantial 16 percent ofall active optometrists spent fewer than 35 hourspc r week in optometric activities.

Participation in professional activities otherthan direct patient care was limited. Only about

12 percent were at least partially active in ad-ministrative duties other than those connectedwith the care of patients, e.g., optometricasso-

ciations.

More than 99 percent of all active optome-trists were engaged to some extent in the direct

care of optometric patients. It is these patient-seeing optometrists--18 ,299 in number—who makeup the report universe of the present report andsupply the statistical base for most of the tablesand textual commentary.

Figure I, Number of active optometrists per 100,000 population: United States, 1808.

3

CHARACTERISTICS OFOPTOMETRIC PRACTICE

Form and Composition of

Independent Practice Arrangements

Of the 18,299 optometrists comprising thisreport universe, 16,218, or about 89 percent, wereengaged in self-employed practice arrangementsas follows:

Form of practice

All arrangements --

Solo practice ---------parfmership -----------Group practice --------

Numberof

pract i-t ioners

16 ,21[

13,5102,178

530

Percentof

reportuniv&rse

88.6

notably stronger tenden~y to make use of supple-mentary eye-care personnel in partnerships andgroup practice arrangements. About 94 percentof the optometrists in mu~tiple-member formsof practice reported t~e.use. of supplementaryhelpers as compared with 74 percent for solopractitioners.

Survey findings did not permit a direct and

complete evaluation of the composition of multi-ple-member forms of practice. There was evi-dence, however, that the most utilized form wasa two-member practice. arrangement in whichboth members were optometrists. This derives

from the finding that of the optometrists who re-ported sharing supplementary personnel withassociates, about 69 percent reported that theyshared these personnel with two associates, andof these optometrist~ who reported sharing per-sonnel with two associates, about 77 percent re-ported that their associates were fellow optom-

etrists. The number of optometrists in multiple-member forms of practice was more exactlyevaluated by responses to the ‘survey question

73.811.9

2.9

“If in partnership or group practice, how manySO1O practice was clearly the form of inde-

pendent practice most favored by respondents.Using medians, the typical solo practitioner wasa male Doctor of Optometry between 47 and 48

years of age and licensed to practice in only oneState. He maintained only one office, worked more

than 48 weeks per year, and devoted roughly 40

hours per week to all his professional activities.About 74 percent of solo practitioners made useof supplementary personnel to assist them inpractice.

About 15 percent of the report universe (2,708optometrists) practiced optometry in multiple-

member arrangements. The partnership was themost frequently reported form of multiple- mem-ber practice—an estimated 2,178 optometrists(about 12 percent of the report universe) partic-ipated in this form of practice—and only about

3 percent of the respondents were to be found ingroup practice. Again reporting median tend-

encies, the typical member of a multiple-memberpractice differed from his colleague in solo prac-tice in certain, perhaps significant, respects; forexample, he tended to be about 2 years youngerthan the solo practitioner and to work at least 2hours more per working week. There was also a

optometrists are there in the partnership or

group (counting yourself)?” To this question,2,105 respondents report~d two optometrists intheir multiple-member arrangement; 421 re-spondents reported three ,optometrists; and 182reported four optometrists or more.

Primary and Secondary Activities

An examination of. the primary and second-ary activities reported by patient-serving optom-

etrists is shown in table B. Clearly, practicingoptometrists did not show any marked tendencyto specialize since about 97 percent of them en-gaged in general practice as their primary

activity and 13 percent reported no secondaryactivity at all. Of the secondary activities, con-tact lens fitting was by far the most favored

by respondents. In order of preference the three

most popular secondary activities were contactlens fitting, general practice activities, and visiontraining. The typical practice obviously centeredaround general practice activities plus some con-tact lens work with a tendency, not very sharplypronounced, to be engaged in some vision train-

ing.

4

.

. ..,

Table B, Primary -and secondary activities of optometrists: United States, 1968

. .

Activity

..

Primarv

Total -----.-- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- --.

General practice --- - -- -- ---- --- - -- - -- - ---- --- - - - -- -- --- --- - - - -Contact lens fitting ------------------------------------------Visual training (orthoptics)----------------------------------Developmental vi?iion ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------Prescribing low vision aids -----------------------------------Industrial vision ------ ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ----Other ------- ------- -.------ ------- -------- ------- ------.- ------

. .

Secondary

Total ---------------------------------------------------

No secondary activity -.----- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------General practice - --- --- - - --- - - - --- --- -- - - -- --- - -- - -- - -- -- -- - --Contact lens fittiUg ------------------------------------------Visual training (orthoptics)----------------------------------Developmental visicm ------------------------------------------Prescribing low vision aids -------- --.----- -------- -------- ---Industrial vision--=------------------------------------------Other ---------------- ---------------- -------- -------- -------- -

—

Numberengaged

inactivity

18,299

17,657368

:?6

;:

18,299

2,3732,709

10,5881,104483218611213

Percentdistribution

100.0

96.52.00.30.50.00.20.5

100.0

13.014.857.96.0

::;3.31:2

&

.

‘

Patient Services Rendeked.

Fourteen specific pa~ientservices werelisted

on the survey questjo&aire andrespondentswereasked to check those rerideced by them or undertheir direction. The 14 services in descending

order from the most’frequently rendered to theleast are ranked intable C. Judging from mediantendencies, the typical practitioner rendered at

least eight or nine of these services, in mostinstances the services Iistedabovethedotted line.Services below the fin5 were less commonlypro-vided; substantially fewer than one-half of theNation’s practitioners rendered anyone ofthese

six services. .

A substantial overlapoccurredbetweenserv-

ices rendered by optometrists and those ren-dered by the Nat~on’s oph~halmologists duringthe same reporting period. Examples of overlap

include: 8,282 ophthalmologists engaged indiag-nostic examination (including tonometry), 7,802performed visual field examinations, 4,834 re-ported the fitting of contact lenses, 4,571 pre-

scribed low-vision aids, 2,710 provided orthoptictraining or directed its provision, and 786 re-

ported aniseikonic testing among their activities(Series 14, No. 7).

Volume of Patient-Care Activity

Volume of patient-care activity was directlyassessed by two items on the survey question-naire. Respondents were asked: “In your opto-metric practice, approximately how many patientvisits for all purposes do you have during atypical week?” and further: “A@proximately howmany patients does .this represent? (Patients with

multiple visits should be counted only once). ”

Table C. Specific patient servicesrendered by optometrists:United States, 1968

I

Type of serviceNumber Percentproviding of reportservice universe

Refractions-----------------------------------------------------Dispensing and adjustingeyeware--------------------------------Ophthallnoscopy--------------------------------------------------Frame repairs---------------------------------------------------Contact lens fitting--------------------------------------------Visual field examination----------------------------------------Tonometry-------------------------------------------------------Visual training (orthoptics)------------------------------------

Prescribinglow vision aids-------------------------------------Fabricationof eyeware------------------------------------------Biomicroscopy---------------------------------------------------Developmentalvision---------------------------------------------Visual readiness for reading------------------------------------Aniseikoni.ctesting---------------------------------------------

18,23817,12216,92815,53214,52113,78012,098

9,128—---- ----

7,4506,6105,9075,225;,;;:

J

99.793.692.584.979*475.366.149.9

.+---------

40.736,132.328.625.9

8.4

Patient visits pe~week.—The national ex-perienceofoptometristsinpatientvisitsperweekwas distributedas follows:

Geographicregion

1 I

NumberPatient visits of Percent

practi- dis-per week

tioners tribution

Total----------

wLess than 25 visits-- 1,578 8.625-49 visi.ts---------50-74 visi&3---------

3,762 20.64,989 27.3

75-99 visits--------- 2,750 15.0100 visits or more--- 5,221 28.5

The nationalmedian was 69 visitsperweekforthetypicalpractitioner.RegionalVariationsfrom thenationalmedianwere notverydramatic,as thefollowingdistributionbygeographicregionshows:

I Number ofactive

optometristsper 100,000population

United States--

Northeast----------North Central------South--------------West---------------

I 9.3

9.910.6

1$5

Medianvisitsperweek

69

64717367

It may be meaningfulthat Southernoptom-etrists,with the smallestconcentrationintheUnitedStates(interms ofnumber per 100,000

population),reportedthehighestmedianinpatientvisitsper week.And W’esternoptometrists,witha concentrationper 100,000populationexceedingthatoftheotherregions,reporteda medianex-periencein patientvisitswhichwas belowthe

6

nar,ional median. Assuminga need for optometricservices which was fairly uniform regardless ofgeographic area, this might indicate thatthetypi-

cal Southern optometrist was, at least partially,

attempting to compensate for his comparativescarcity in that area by extending the volume ofhis patient-care activity. It is clear, however,that factors other than simple geographic con-cunt ration were at work to influence the volumeof patient-care activity. Thus optometrists of theNorth Central Region, with a concentration ex-ccwded only by Western optometrists, still re-ported a median in patient visits which exceededthe national median and in fact was second only

ro the median reported by the Southern optom-etrist.

Figure 2 plots the relationship between pa-

tient visits per week and the age of the practi-

tioner. Patient-care activity in terms of visitsper week is seen to peak at a median of about 75visits for optometrists in the age interval from35 to 44 years and to decrease with each age in-

terval until among optometrists over 65years themedian experience was about 40 visits per week.

With a median experience of about 51 visitspcr week, female optometrists reported a rate ofpatient-care activity that was substantially small-~,r than the 69 visits per week reported by therypical male practitioner.

‘rile tabulation that follows reveals the re-Iat ionship between patient visits and the form ofpractic, that the optometrist engaged in.

r-

u--iUnder 35 3544 45.54

.,,,,,.

.’. .

.

55.64

nL._/

65 and over

AGE IN YEARS

1 ,w(t. ) MtYitM, p,{lwnt wws pcr v,cck according to age of optometric practmonec Umted States

1968

MedianDat ient

Solo practice --------- 13,510 65Partnership ----------- 2,178 87Group practice -------- 530 93

Clearly, within the typical multiple-member prac-tice arrangement, the workload in patient visitswas higher than that experienced by the typicalsolo practitioner. It was further noted that, with-

in the partnership or group practice, the medianexperience in patient visits increased in positiveproportion to the number of optometrists prac-ticing in any particular multiple-member ar-

rangement. For example, where two optometristswere engaged, the median was about 87 visits perweek; where three optometrists were involved,the median was 97 visits; and in practice arrange-

ments that involved four or more, the medianexceeded 100 visits per week.

However, in the national perspective of opto-

metric care it must be remembered that prac-titioners in the multiple-member practice formswere in the decided minority, with only 2,178 ofthem practicing in partnerships and 530 engagedin group practice. It was the estimated 13,510

solo practitioners, constituting about 74 percentof the national manpower resource, who withtheir median experience of 65 visits per weekprovided by far the greatest bulk of professionalservice to optometric patients in the United Statesat che time of the survey.

A reference to tables 2 and 3 will suggest the

positive relationship that prevailed between num-ber of patient visits and the following variables:hours worked per week, number of office locations,number of States-licensed in, and number of opto-metric services rendered by the practitioner. Asone increased, so did the other, though not always

in a manner that was exactly proportionaL Forexample, an analysis of the number of optometricservices rendered yielded the following:

7

MedianNumber of optometric services patient

rendered visits

I per week

1-3 services ------------------- 474-6 services ------------------- 647-9 services ------------------- 7010 services or more ------------ 74

Patients seenpev zueek.—The tendencies—noted in the discussion of patient visits per weekalso apply generallyto the number of optometric

patients seen per week.The national experience of optometric pa-

tients seen per week was as follows:

I INumber

Patients seen of Percentdis -

per week practi-tioners tribution

Total ----------

WLess than 25

patients ------------ 4,086 22.325-49 patients ------- 6,886 37.650-74 patients ------- 3,719 20.375-99 patients ------- 1,726100 patients or more- 1,881 1:::

I I

The national median was 43 optometric patientsseen per weekby the typicalpractitioner.Atom-

parison to the median of 69 patient visits perweek roughly suggests the extent to which multi-ple visits were made by the same patient withina single week. Regional distribution of the median

patients seen per week is as follows:

Median Median

Geographic region patients patientseen visits

I per I perweek week

United States--- 43 69,

Northeast ------------- 41 ;:North Central --------- 45South ----------------- 44West ------------------ 43 :;

o 1 II ....il J I JUnder 35 3544 4554 5564 65 and o.m

AGE IN YEARS

Fugure3. Med!an pat!ents seen per week acccidmg m w of ap:ometrrc praclmcmer Um!ed S1dtP519s8

Figure 3 plots the relationship between

patients seen per week and the ageoftheprac-titioner. The median of patients seen per weekis seen to peak at about 47 patients for optom-etrists in the age interval 35-44 years andde-crease with advancing age until among opto-metrists over 65 years themedian experiencewasonly about25 patients per week.

With a median experience ofabout34patients

seen per week, female optometrists reportedpatient-care activity that was substantially small-er than the 44 patients per week reported by thetypical male practitioner.

Tabulated below are figures revealing the

relationship between patients seen per week andthe form of practice that the optometrist engagedin.

Solo practice --------- 1;,:;; 40Partnership ----------- 55Group pract_lce -------- ’530 60

Clearly, withinthe typicalmultiple-member prac-tice arrangement the number of patients seenwas higher than that experienced by the typicalsolo practitioner. It was further noted that, with-

in the partnership or group practice, the median

in patientsnumber of

seen increased in proportion to theoptometrists practicing in any par-

8

t icular multiple- member arrangement. For ex-ample, where two optometrists were engaged,

the median was about 53 patients per week;

wh~’re three optometrists were involved, themedian was 63 patients; and, in practice arrange-ments that involved four optometrists or more,th~ median was 70 patients per week.

However, in the national perspective of opto-

metric care, it must be remembered that prac -tit icmers in the multiple-member practice formswere in the decided minority, with only 2,178 oftheir numbers practicing in partnerships andonly 530 engaged in group practice. It was theestimated 13,510 solo practitioners, constituting

about 74 percent of the report universe who, withtheir median experience of 40 patients per week,provided by far the greatest bulk of professionalsemrice to optometric patients in the United States

at rhu time of the survey.A reference to tables 5 and 6 will suggest

the positive relationship that prevailed betweennumber of patients seen per week and the follow-

ing variables: hours worked per week, number of

office locations, number of States licensed in,and number of optometric services rendered by

the practitioner. As one increased, so did theother.

UTILIZATION OFSUPPLEMENTARY PERSONNEL

General Characteristics of Users

of Auxiliary Personnel

Respondents to the 1968 survey were askedwhether or not they used the services of auxiliary

personnel to assist them in caring for their opto-metric patients. A total of 14,339 optometrists(about 78 percent of the report universe) re-ported that they did; they wilI hereafter be re-ferred to as “users.” About 98 percent of users

were male. The median age of users was 46.5

years, 1 year less than the median age of 47.5reported for the entire universe of active optom-etrists. Geographically, users were distributedas shown in table D.

Table D. Number of optometrists who utilized supplementary personnel according to geo-graphic area: United States, 1968

Region and division

United States ------------------------------------------

Northeast ----------------------------------------------------New England -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------Middle Atlantic --------------------------------------------

North Central ------------------------------------------------East North Central -----------------------------------------West North Central -----------------------------------------

South --------------------------------------------------------South Atlantic ---------------------- -----------------------East South Central --- --- --- -- - -- -- - - . -- - - ,. - --- - - -- -- --- -- - .West South Central -----------------------------------------

West --------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ---.----Mountain ---------------------------------------------------Pac~fic ----.,--- -------- -----------”---- -------- -------- -----

Numberwho

utilizedsupple -mentary

personnel

14,339

3,106862

2,244

4,5483,1721,377

3,6291,718

7151,196

3,056603

2,453

Percentdistribution

100.0

21.7

1:::

31.722.1

9.6

25.312.05.08.3

9

The tendency to use supplementary personnelwas strongest among optometrists of the SouthRegion, where about 88 percent of the patient-serving optometrists reported the use of assist-

ants. This was well above the 78 percent calcu-lated for the Nation as a whole, and, when oneremembers that the concentration of optometristsin the South (6.8 per 100,000 population) was sub-stantially lower than the ratio for any other regionin the United States, this rate may suggest thatthe Southern optometrist was at least partiallycompensating for his relative scarcity by usingassistants in an effort to extend his range ofservices.

There was a direct relationship between formof practice and the reported usage of supple-mentary assistants. Whereas about 74 percent ofthe Nation’s solo practitioners relied on supple-mentary personnel, the figure was 93 percentfor optometrists in partnerships and about 96percent for those engaged in group practice.However, since users in solo practice outnum-bered users in the other practice forms by almost4 to 1, it is clear that most supplementary per-

sonnel performed their services for solo prac-titioners.

The questionnaire requested information onthe utilization of six specific types of supplemen-tary assistants. Of the Nation~s 14,339 users ofauxiliary personnel, about 84 percent utilized

the services of secretaries and/or receptionistsand 30 percent utilized general optometric as-sistants (supplementary personnel who spent lessthan 75 percent of their time in any of the assist-

ant categories were counted as general opto-metric assistants). Sixteen percent utilized dis-pensing opticians, 10 percent utilized optical tech-

nicians (shopmen), 5 percent utilized optometrictechnicians, and 4 percent utilized contact lenstechnicians.

Certain professional characteristics of the

user are brought into sharper focus when theyare directly contrasted with corresponding char-acteristics of the 3,960 members of the reportuniverse who reported that they did not utilize

supplementary persomel. For example, the typi-cal user reported about 76 visits by eye patientsper week; the typical nonuser, about 45. Thetypical user saw about 48 patients in the course

of a week; the typical nonuser saw only about 28.

The following tabulation contrasts the rangeof professional activity of the user of supple-mentary personnel and the nonuser by the extentto which each provided 14 selected patient serv-

ices or directed the provision of these services.

Patient service

Refractions --------------Visual field examLnation-Tonometry ----------------Ani.seikonic testing ------Biomicroscopy ------------ophthalmoscopy -----------Contact lens fitting -----Visual training

(orthoptics) ------------Developmental vLsion -----Prescribing low vision

aids --------------------Visual readiness for

reading -----------------Dispensing and adjusting

eyeware -----------------Frame repai.rs ------------Fabrication of eyeware---

!4!2!.5Percent

99654;

i:61

4219

29

18

90

E

Note the direct relationship between use of sup-

plementary personnel andthe tendency to rendc,rany of the services except refractions. For

several of the services (e.g., tonometry, bio-microscopy, and fitting contact lenses), the rc,-Iiance on supplementary assistance is especiallyevident.

Judging bythe number of the 14servicesthat

optometrists provided, without regard for the

frequency of rendition or for the time ordegrecof sophistication involved in the performance ofeach service, about 78 percent of all users re-ported that they provided more than seven of the14 services, as opposed to about 54 percent of

all nonusers.

Number of Supplementary Personnel

The typical patient-serving optometrist who

used supplementary personnel inthe United States

in 1968 utilized the services of 2.1 assistants

10

(a median figure). Variations in numbers of as-sist:mts are perhaps more meaningfully expressed

hy r~porting for appropriate demographic andp rofcssional categories, the proportion of userswho made use of two or more supplementary.lssjstants.

1+’ot- the Nation as a whole, the proportion of

“using” optometrists who utilized two or more~~ssist;lnts was about 54 percent. The followingtt~hulut ion shows user experience by geographicl“Lj\iOnS ~td th~k COITIpOtEIN divisions.

Percentageof users

Region and division who use 2

I or moreassistants

Uni,ted States ----------

F

54

Northeast ------------------- 49New I&land ---------------Middle Atlan&Lc ----------- ::

North Central ---------------East North Central -------- ;:West North Central-------- 55

South ----------------------- 53South Atlantic ------------ 52East South Central -------- 49West South Central -------- 58

West ------------------------Mountain.----------------- 3Pacific------------------- 57

I’bus, rh(mgh the tendency to use two or moreassistants dots noc show dramatic variationswhcm it is expressed by geographic region, con-Sid~lrJbk’ variation may be observed among di-visions within a single region as well as among

divisions which are geographically remote fromme mtother. For example, note the New England

Division of the Northeast Region, where thetendency to use two or more supplementarypersonnel contrasted sharply with the experience

of optometrists in the Middle Atlantic Division.

The tendency in New England was, in fact,markedly weaker than anywhere else in theNat-ion.

The tabulation that follows relates numberof assistants to the hge of the user.

[ I

Age 1 2 or moreassistant assistants

Percent of totalusers

Total users- 46 I 54

Under 35 years---- 4035-44 years ------- 43 :;45-54 years ------- 5355-64 years ------- :; 4765 years and over- 55 45

Note the inverse relationship thatexisted between

age and the tendency to utilize two or more

assistants. At its strongest among younger prac-titioners, the tendency declined markedly asagecategories advanced.

Conditions of IJtilization

Users ofsupplementary personnelwere askedto specify the conditions in which they utilizedeach type of assistant. The following four con-ditions of utilization were possible:

Full-timeunshwed, i.e., 35hoursor more

per week, services ofassistantnot sharedwith associates.

Full-times hyed, i.e., 3jhours or more

per week, services of assistant sharedwith associates.

Part-time unshared, i.e.,less [ban 35

hours per week, services of assistantnot shared with associates.

Pavt-timeshwed, i.e., less than35hours

per week, services of assistant sharedwith associates.

Theuseof oneor more assistants of agiventype in one of the above four conditions of utili-zation is treated in this analysis as a “reportof utilization. ” By this measurement of usage,there were a total of 25,487 reports of utiliza-

tion of supplementary personnel. Of this total,about 58 percent were for secretaries and/orreceptionists, 19 percent for general optometricassistants, 10 percent for dispensing opticians,6 percent for optical technicians (shopmen), 3

percent fur optometric technicians, 2 percentfor contact lens technicians, and 3 percent were

for other types of supplementary personnel (e.g.,

orthoptists). Members of this “other” categorywere not reported with sufficient frequency towarrant separate treatment in this report.

An overall analysis of the conditions in which

assistants were used showed that, in order ofpreference, about 70 percent of all reports speci-

fied fill- time utilization, about 30 percent speci-fied pavt-tim~; 64 percent of all reports specifiedunshared utilization, and 36 percent specified the

shwing of assistants with associates.

When these two fundamental bases of usage

were combined, it was apparent that:

.43 percent of all reports of utilization speci-fied assistance on ajidl- time unshared basis.

027 percent specified assistance on a full-time shared basis.

.22 percent specified assistance on a pavt-time unshaved basis.

● 9 percent specified assistance on a pvt-

time shaved basis.

In the discussion that follows, the basis of

utilization will be seen to vary with the specifictype of assistant under consideration. The pref-

erence was generally for the full-time unsharedutilization of secretaries and/or receptionists.General optometric assistants were likewisegenerally used on a full-time unshared basis.

For optometric technicians, dispensing opticians,

contact lens technicians, and optical technicians,however, the preference was for full-time sharedpersonnel. Only with the undifferentiated “other”types of assistants did the reports of utilizationfavor assistance on a part-time basis.

Utilization of Secretaries

andlor Receptionists

There were 14,661 reports of utilization ofsecretaries and/or receptionists. Assistants of

this type were distributed according to the follow-

ing conditions of usage. About 45 percent of thereports of utilization specified utilization on a

fill-time unshared basis, 21 percent specifiedfill-time shayed, 25 percent specified part-timeunshaved, and 9 percent specified utilization ona pwt-time shared basis. Thus full-time unshared

utilization was the most popular condition ofusage and part-time shared utilization the least

popular.Of the 12,044 optometrists who utilized sec-

retaries and/or receptionists, about 66 percentused one; about 23 percent used two; and 11 per-cent used three or more. When an optometristreported the use of only one assistant of any

type, in almost eight cases out of 10 this assist-ant was a secretary or receptionist. Of thosewho reported that they used two assistants ofany type, about 85 percent reported that the as-sistants included at least one secretary or re-

ceptionist. And, of those who reported the useof three or more assistants of any type, about92 percent reported that their assistants in-cluded one or more secretaries and/or recep-tionists.

The following tabulation shows the extent to

which the utilization of secretaries and recep-tionists was reflected in the tendency to renderspecific patient services.

Patient service Users Nonusers

Refractions --------------Visual field examination-Tonometry ----------------Aniseikonic testing ------Biomicroscopy ------------Ophthalmoscopy -----------Ophthalmoscopy----------Contactlens fitting -----Visual training

(orthoptics) ------------Developmental vision -----Prescribing low vision



ey,eware -----------------Frame repairs ------------Fabrication of eyeware---

Percent

99;:72 ;;

9

;: ;;84 70

51 4730 26

44 35

27 24

94 9286 8338 33

I I

Note that the addition of administrative personnel

increased the tendency to perform all patientservices except routine refractions. The influence

was a general one. It probably operated by freeingthe optometrist from the performance of routineclerical and administrative tasks, thus allowinghim more time for his strictly clinical functions.

12

Utilization of General Optometric Assistants

There were 4,8:32 reports of utilization for

gt’neral optometric assistants; this included per-sons who spent less than 75 percent of their time

in any of the assistant categories. They weredistributed according to the following conditionsof usage, About 48 percent of the reports of

ut i Ilzation specified use on a jidl- time unsharedhfisis, 22 percent on a full-time shuved basis,23 percent on a pm+- time unshaved basis, and 7pe twnt specified use on apart-time shaved basis.Thus, as with secretaries and receptionists, full-

time unshared utilization was the most popularcondition of usage and pal t-time shared utili-

zation the least popular.Llf the 4,230 optometrists who utilized gen-

eral optometric assistants, about 71 percent usedone, about 20 percent used twa, and about 9 percent

Liscd three or more. of thc,se who reported that

they used two assistants, about 35 percent re-ported that the two includeG at least one generaloptometric assistant. And, of those who reported

the use of three or more assistants of any type,about 45 percent reported that the number includedone or more general optometric assistants.

The following tabulation shows the extent to

which the utilization of general optometric assist-ants was reflected in the tendency to render specif-ic patient services.

Patient service

l=+=

Refractions --------------Visual field examination-Tonometry ----------------An&seikonic testing ------Biomicroscopy ------------Ophthalmoscopy -----------Contact lens fitting -----Visual training

(orthoptics)------------Developmental visionPrescribing low vision


reading----------------”Dispensing and adjusting

eyeware -----------------Frame repa&rs ------------l?abrication of eyeware---

Percent

96 I 9189 77

36.

968939

4725

38

23

938435

Note that the addition of general optometricassistants generally increased the tendency toperform all the clinical functions except routinerefractions. It was most dramatically manifest

in the tendency toperformthediagnosticfunctionsof biomicroscopy andtonometry.

Utilization of Optometric

Technicians

There were 707 reports of utilization ofoptometric technicians. Assistants of this type

were distributed according to the following con-ditions of usage. About 36 percent of the reports

of utilization specified utilization on ajidl-tirneunslzaved basis, 44 percent specified aji.dl-timeshared basis, 11 percent specified a pwt-timeunshared basis, and 9 percent specified utili-

zation on a pavt-time shaved basis. Thus in con-trast with the utilization of administrative per-sonnel and general optometric assistants, full-time shared utilization was the most popular

condition of usage for optometric techniciansalthough part-time shared utilization remainedthe least popular.

Of the relatively fewoptometrists (650) whoutilized optometric technicians, about 75 percentused one, about 16 percent used two, and about10 percent used three or more. Of optometrists

who reported using only one assistant of anytype, fewer than 1 percent reported that this oneassistant was an optometric technician. Of thosewho reported that they used two assistants, about

4 percent repofted that the two included at least

one optometric technician. And, of those whoreported the use of three or more assistants ofany type, about 13 percent reported that the number

included one or more optometric technicians,The following tabulation shows the extent to

which the utilization of optometric technicianswas reflected in the tendency to render specificpatient services. Except for a slightly negativeeffect on the function of dispeming and adjust-

ing, the addition of optometric technicians gen-

erally increased the tendency of optometriststo render all of the clinical functions. Mostpronounced was the increased tendency to per-form the diagnostic functions of biomicroscopy

and aniseikonic testing.

/

Patient service

Refraction---------------Visual field examination-Tonometry----------------Aniseikonictesting------Biomicroscopy------------Ophthalmoscopy-----------Contact lens fitting-----Visual training(orthoptics)------------

Developmentalvision-----Prescribinglow visionaids--------------------Visual readiness forreading-----------------Dispensing and adjustingeyeware-----------------Frame repairs------------Fabricationof eyeware---

Users Nonusers

Percent

1007772

::9384

5333

50

33

::45

Utilization of Dispensing Opticians

99

:2

3;9279

5028

40

26

948536

There were 2,455reportsof utilizationofdispensingopticians.They were distributedac-

cording to the followingconditionsof usage.About 37 percentof the reportsof utilizationspecifiedutilizationon a ji.dl-timeunshwedbasis,48 percem on a&n-time shavedbasis,8percentspecified pwt-timeunshwed utdization,and 7 percentspecifiedpart-time shaved utili-zation.Thus,as withtheutilizationofoptometrictechnicians,full-timesharedutilizationwas themost popularconditionofusage.

Of the2,231optometristswho utilizeddis-pensingopticians,about62 percentused one,

about20 percentused two,andabout18percent

used threeor more. Of optometristswho re-portedusingonlyoneassistantofanytype,onlyabout2 percentreportedthatthisoneassistantwas a dispensingoptician.Ofthosewho reportedthattheyused two assistants of anY tYPe,againonly a small proportion (about 12 percent) re-

ported that the two includedatleast onedispensingoptician. However, among optometrists who re-portedtheuseofthreeormore assistantsofanytype,a moresubstantialnurnber,about44percent,tendedto use one or more dispensingopticians.

The followingtabulationshowstheextenttowhichtheutilizationofdispensingopticianswas

reflected in the tendency to render specificpatientservices.

Patient service

Refractions--------------Visual field examination-Tonometry----------------Aniseikonic testing------Biomicroscopy------------Ophthalmoscopy-----------Contact lens fitting-----Visual training(orthoptics)------------

Developmentalvisi_on-----Prescribinglow visionaids--------------------Visual readiness forreading-----------------Dispensingand adjustingeyeware-----------------

Frame repairs------------Fabricationof eyeware---

EPercent

99

:;8

;:

5230

41

27

948635

Note thatthetrendrecordedforusersofadmin-istrativepersonnel,generaloptometricassist-

ants,and optometrictechnicianswas generallyreversedamong usersofdispensingopticians.That is,optometristswho were assistedbydis-pensingopticiansshowed a reducedtendcncytoperform most patientservicesotherthanthefabricationofeyeware.The presenceofa dis-pensingopticianappearedtocreateanincreasedtendencytoward specializationamong optome-tristswho usedthem.

Utilizationof Contact Lens Technicians

There were 539 reports of utilization forcontact lens technicians. Assistants ofthis typewere distributedaccordingtothefollowingcon-ditionsof usage.About26percentofthereportsof utilizationspecifiedutilizationon afill-timeunsl.zwed basis,49 percentona~11-time sharedbasis, 18 percent specified pwt-timeunshuwdutilization,and 7 percentspecifiedpad-timeshared utilization.Again,aswithoptometrictech-niciansanddispensingopticians,full-timesharedutilizationwas thepreferredconditionofusage,

Of therelativelyfewoptometrists(516) whoutilized contact lenstechnicians,about81percent

14

used one, about 12 percent used two, and about7 percent used three or more. Of the 6,655 optom-etrists who reported using only one assistant

of any type, only 8 practitioners (O.1 percent)reported that this one assistant was a contactlens technician. Of optometrists who reported

that they used two assistants of any type, only1-2 percent reported that the two included atleast one contact lens technician. When the optom-etrist used three or more assistants of any

type, there was a somewhat stronger tendencyto include contact lens technicians--about 11percent of these optometrists reported using oneor more contact lens technicians.

The following tabulation shows the extent towhich the utilization of contact lens technicianswas reflected in the tendency to render specificputient services.

Patient service

Refractions --------------Visual field examination-Tonometry ----------------AnLseikonic testing ------Biomi.croscopy ------------Ophthalmoscopy -----------Contact lens fitting -----Visual training

(orthoptics)------------Developmental vision -----P:::ri.bing low vision

-------- -------- ----Visual readiness for


eyeware-----------+-----Frame repairs ------------Fabrication of eyeware---

+

Percent

%66

8

;:79

5029

41

26

948536

rhe use of contact lens technicians understand-

ably increased the tendency to perform the serv-

ice of contact lens fitting, evidently at the ex-pense of most other patientserviceswithanis-uilwnictestingand biomicroscopy being inter-

estingexceptions.

Utilization of Optical Technicians

There were 1,596 reportsoptical technicians (shopmen).

of utilization forThey were dis-

-.

tributedaccordingto the followingconditionsof

usage. About 28 percent of the reportsofutili-

zationspecifiedutilizationona~ll-time unshaved

basis,51 percent on afi11-timesha~ed basis, 12percent of the reports specified part-time un-

shared utilization, and 9 percent specified part-

time sh~ed utilization. As it waswith optometrictechnicians, dispensing opticians, andcontact lenstechnicians, there is aclearpreference for full-time shared utilization of this type of assistant.

Gf the 1,474 optometrists whoutilized opti-cal technicians (shopmen), about 67 percent usedone, about 17 percent used two, and about 17percent used three or more. Of optometrists whoreported using only one assistant of any type,fewer than 1 percent reported that this oneassistant was an optics-l technician. Of those whoreported that they used two assistants of any

type, again only a small proportion (about 7 per-cent) reported that the two included at least oneoptical technician. However, among optometristswho reported the use of three of more assistants

of any type, a more substantial proportion (about30 percent) tended to use one or more opticaltechnicians.

The following tabulation shows the extent towhich the utilization of optical technicians wasreflected in the tendency to render specificpatientservices.

Patient servi,ce

Refractions---------------Visual field examination--Tonometry-----------------Aniseikonic testing-------Biomicroscopy -------------Ophthalmoscopy ------------Contact lens fitting------Visual training(orthoptics)-------------

Developmental vision-----P-rescribing low visionaids-------:-------------

Visual readiness forreading------------------

Dispensing and adjustingeyeware---------------.--

Frame repairs -------------Fabrication of eyeware----

Users Nonusers

Percent

9969627

;:78

3922

38

20

93

::——

99

::8

:;79

5129

41

26

948534

15

Predictably, users of optical technicians showedan increased tendency towards the fabrication ofeyeware. As a possible consequence of this in-

creased emphasis, the tendency was to reducethe provision of most of the other patient serv-ices.

The optometrist’s utilization of supplemen-tary personnel is summarized in the table thatfollows:

Type of assistant

Numberof

reportsof

utili-zat ion

Secretaries/receptionists------General optometric assistants-O-ptometric technicians ---------Dispensing opticians -----------Contact lens technicians-------Optical technicians (shopmen)--Other type personnel (e.g.,orthoptists)------------------

14,6614,832

7072,455

5351,586

707

Optometrists were notthe onlyprofessionalgroup with a need for supplementary eye-carepersonnel. Ophthalmologists used them too. Thefindings of the 1968 survey of ophthalmologists

suggest a substantial overlap between optome-trists and ophthalmologists in their need for anduse of certain types of eye-care personnel. Forexample, among ophthalmologists surveyed, therewere 1,794 reports of utilization of optical fitters(including opticians). There were also l,263re-ports of utilization of laboratory, ophthalmic,and contact lens technicians, 646 reports ofutilization of orthoptists,222 reports of utilization

of optometrists, and 439 reports of utilizationof other clinical (eye-care) assistants (Series 14,Number9).

000

16

LIST OF DETAILED TABLES

Table 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

Number and percentweek, according to

Number and percentweek. accordin~ to

distribution of optometrists by number of patient visits perState: United States, 1968-----------------------------------

distribution of optometrists. by number of patient visits pergeographic area and selected characteristics of the optome-

tris~: United ;tates, l968------------------------------------------------------

Number and pe~cent distribution of optometrists by number of patient visits perweek, according to selected professional characteristics of theUnited States, l968----------------------------------.------.---.---~!;~~~~~~

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of patients seen perweek, according to State: United states, 1968-----------------------------------

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of patients seen perweek, according to geographic area and selected characteristics of the optome-trist: United States, l968------------------------------------------------------

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of patients seen perweek, according to selected professionalLlnitedStates, 1968

characteristics of the optometrist:-------------------------------------------------------------

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of supplementary per-sonnel of all types used to assist in practice, accordingStates, 1968

to State: United--------------------------------------------------------------------

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of supplementary per-sonnel used to assist in practice, according to geographic area and selectedcharacteristics of the optometrist: United states, 1968-------------------------

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of supplementary per-sonnel used to assist in practice, according to selected professional charac-teristics of the optometrist: United states, 1968-------------------------------

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of secretaries +nd/orreceptionists used to assist1968

in practice, according to State: United States,----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of secretaries andjorreceptionists used to assist in practice, according to geographic area and se-lected characteristics of the optometrist: United States, ~968--------.---------

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by the number of secretariesand/or receptionists they used to assist in practice, according to selected pro.fessional characteristics of the optometrist: United States, 1968---------------

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of general optometricassistants they used1968

to assist in practice, according to State: UMted States,-.--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of general optometricassistants they used to assist in practice, according to geographic area andselected characteristics of the optometrist: United States, ~968----------------

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of general optometricassistants they used to assiat in practice, according to selected professionalcharacteristics of the optometrist: United states, ~968-------------------------

Page

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

33

35

37

39

41

43

45

47

17

LIST OF DETAILED TABLES-Con.

Table 16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of optometric tech-nicians they used to assist in practice, according to State: United States,l968----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of optometric tech-nicians they used to assist in practice, according to geographic area and se-lected characteristics of the optometrist: United States, 1968------------------

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of optometric tech-nicians they used to assist in practice, according to selected professionalcharacteristics of the optometrist: United States, 1968-------------------------

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of dispensing opticiansthey used to assist in practice, according to State: United States, 1968-------

Number and percent distributionof optometrists by number of dispensing opticiansthey used to assistin practice according to geographic area and selected charac-teristics of the optometrist: United States, 1968-------------------------------

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of dispensing opticiansthey used to assist in practice, according to selected professional charac-teristics of the optometrist: United States, 1968-------------------------------

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of contact lens tech-nicians they used to assist in practice,according to State:United States,1968---

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of contact lens tech-nicians they used to assist in practice, according to geographic area and se-lected characteristics of the optometrist: United States, 1968------------------

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of contact lens tech-nicians they used to assist in practice, according to selected professionalcharacteristics of the optometrist: United States, 1968-------------------------

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of optical technicians(shopmen) they used to asaist in practice, according to State: United States,l968----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of optical technicians(shopmen) they used to assist in practice, according to geographic area and se-lected characteristics of the optometrist: United States, 1968------------------

Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of optical technicians(shopmen) they used to assist in practice, according to selected professionalcharacteristics of the optometrist: United States, 1968-------------------------

Page

49

51

53

55

57

59

61

63

65

67

69

71

18

Table 1. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of patient visits per week, accord-ing to State: United States, 1968

State

United States----------------------------

Alabama----------------------------------------Alaska-----------------------------------------Arizona----------------------------------------Arkansas---------------------------------------California:------------------------------------Colorado---------------------------------------Connecticut------------------------------------Delaware---------------------------------------District of Columbia---------------------------Florida----------------------------------------

Georgia----------------------------------------Hawaii-----------------------------------------Idaho--------------------------------------------Illinois---------------------------------------Indiana----------------------------------------Iowa-------------------------------------------

Kansas-----------------------------------------Kentucky---------------------------------------Louisiana--------------------------------------Maine------------------------------------------

Maryland---------------------------------------Massachusetts----------------------------------Michigan---------------------------------------Minnesota--------------------------------------Mississippi------------------------------------Missouri---------------------------------------Montana----------------------------------------Nebraska---------------------------------------Nevada-----------------------------------------New Hampshire----------------------------------

New Jersey-------------------------------------New Mexico-------------------------------------New York---------------------------------------North Carolina---------------------------------North Dakota-----------------------------------Ohio-------------------------------------------Olclahoma---------------------------------------Oregon-----------------------------------------Pennsylvania-----------------------------------Rhode Island-----------------------------------

south Carolina---------------------------------south Dakota-----------------------------------Tennessee--------------------------------------Texas------------------------------------------Utah-------------------------------------------Vermont----------------------------------------Virginia---------------------------------------Washington-------------------------------------West Virginia----------------------------------Wisconsin--------------------------------------Wyoming----------------------------------------

Number of patient visits per week

Totaloptometrists

Les;5than 25-49 50-74 75-99 I::r:r

Number

18,29:

18(1:12:151

2,22:18(25835

4;:

26164

l,6~t503336229229222116

174714708353120431

1:?3670

67471

1,587320

9;?245265

1,133132

15594292740743827235614742841

1,578

6

4:

13147

203411618192813

ii3313

3:81213

792

12022

6+20

109

1182814283

3,762-

4,98S-

47536

6%60728

1;:

6014

4:;126

:;555634

1:;204106

1::

;;1025

191

4::85

2;;667128339

49

:;1792412

;;4113110

5,221

69

967

4;;153150

;:6033

123

5;;83

2:;826127030

50211082802611

1%

1::12

19

Table 1. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of patient visits per week, accord-ing to State: United States, 1968—Con.

State

United States----------------------------

Alabama----------------------------------------Alaska-----------------------------------------Arizona----------------------------------------Arkansas---------------------------------------California-------------------------------------Colorado---------------------------------------Connecticut------------------------------------Delaware---------------------------------------District of Columbia---------------------------Florida----------------------------------------

Georgia----------------------------------------Hawaii-----------------------------------------Idaho------------------------------------------Illinois---------------------------------------Indiana----------------------------------------Iowa-------------------------------------------Kansas-----------------------------------------Kentucky---------------------------------------Louisiana--------------------------------------Maine------------------------------------------


New .Tersey -------------------------------------New Mexico-------------------------------------New York ---------------------------- ---------- -North Carolina---------------------------------North Dakota-----------------------------------Ohio-------------------------------------------Oklahoma---------------------------------------Oregon-----------------------------------------Pennsylvania-----------------------------------Rhode Island-----------------------------------

South Carolina---------------------------------South Dakota-----------------------------------Tennessee--------------------------------------Texas------------------------------------------Utah-------------------------------------------Vermont----------------------------------------Virginia---------------------------------------Washington-------------------------------------West Virginia----------------------------------Wisconsin--------------------------------------Wyoming----------------------------------------


Totaloptometrists

L=;5than 25-49 50-74 75-99 l::r:r

100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.010000100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100,0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100:0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

Percent distribution

8.6

12:4.73.6

;:;8.57.5

2:;

11.72.9

:::1.6

;::

1;::13.5

20.6

15.7

2;:;18.421.820.924.823.315.318.9

14.137.722.122.018.713.214.419.224.820.2

23.832.216.213.624.620.634+217.127.313.6

30.5

1::;24.723.816.715.726.423.125.2

20.021.616.716.117.522.921.117.316.616.725.0

27’.3

26.431.328.722.830.432.628.023.325.427.5

22.921.331.225.925.121.528.723.825.329.4

26.927.928.830.021.126.322.026.027.336.4

28.342.025.926.728.629.527.126.825.029.4

31.733.021.524.231.831.427.527.328.130.625.0

15.0

16.437.515.717.713.416.318.426.723.719.8

21.7

2:::12.117.615.815.716.410.111.0

23.111.917.717.018.414.312.221.212.121.2

11.220.313.215.917.515.715.316.415.69.2

1?::17.515.814.314.315.416.713.716.911.1

28.5

38.418.828.732.426.020.914.810.025.425.6

36.611.518.227.330.s44.733.332.227.328.4

20.015.132.635.829.030.123.228.130.324.2

18.326.135.026.028.630.833.623.223.822.7

32.422.737.137.934.928.629.630.932.429.330.6

20

Table 2. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of patient visits per week,accordingto geographic area and selected characteristics of the optometrist: United States, 1968

Geographic area and selected characteristics ooptometrist

United States----------------------------

Geographic region

Northeast--------------------------------------~~ Central----------------------------------

---------.--------------------------------West-------------------------------------------

Geographic divi?ion

New England------------------------------------Middle Atlantic--------------------------------East North Central-----------------------------West North Central-----------------------------South Atlantic---------------------------------East South Central-----------------------------West South Central-----------------------------pa~g~---------------------------------------

----------------.-------------------.---

Standard Federal Administrative Region

Region I---------------------------------------Region II--------------------------------------Region III-------------------------------------Region IV--------------------------------------Region V---------------------------------------Region VI--------------------------------------Region VII-------------------------------------Region VIII------------------------------------Region IX--------------------------------------Region X---------------------------------------

Age of optometrist

Under 25 years----------------------------------25-34 years------------------------------------35-44 years------------------------------------45-54 years------------------------------------55-64 years------------------------------------65-74 years------------------------------------75 years and over-------------------------------

Sex of optometrist

Male--------------------------------------------Female-----------------------------------------

Number of States licensed in

ps:~:es ------------------------------------------------------- ------------ -----------

2 States---------------------------------------3 States or more-------------------------------

Hours per week usually worked ,

1-34 hours-------------------------------------35-39 hours------------------------------------40 hours---------------------------------------41-44 hours------------------------------------45-48 hours------------------------------------49 hours or more-------------------------------

Number of patient -Tisitsper week

TotalOptometrists

=es;5than 25-49 50-74 75-99 I::r;

18,299

4,7215,8384,1073,633

1,3273,3944,1681,6701,929820

1,358709

2,924

1,3272,2611,8342,049:,:;;

1:151556

2,448725

2,0%;,40;

2;6011,205396

17,912387

13,9%3,3551,005

2,1532,8974,2182,3303,4313,269

l,57f

502475301296

16234C37310614C

1:?

22:

16219919713938610984

2%55

152252406243325191

1,49584

1>29$2;;

730178273108162126

Number

3,762

1,1291,065772795

369760788278382150240155641

369498404390836246192130545152

4%940

1,19966737390

1,656106

7!,915:5:

569747885475616470

4,989

1,2661,5991,0451,079

382885

1,149449519190336217862

3Q2601473520

1,255365292165735200

5;:1,5091,84374227056

4,90089

3,7::949271

414857

1,236638970874

2,750

639894691525

178$;;

269349140203113413

178284306360685218183

3%127

30:907

.,1063;;

25

!,71138

!,034551164

159458660385540547

5,221

1,1851,8011,297938

237948

1,233568540286472179759

237678$$

1,359490400140631191

5;!1,7912,079;:;

34

5,15070

3,91$990316

281656

1,165724

1,1431,252

21

Table 2. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of patient visits per week,accordingto geographic area and selectedcharacteristicsof the optometrist:UnitedStates,1968—Con.

Geographic area and selected characteristicsofoptometrist

UnitedStates-----------------------------

Geozrauhicregion

Northeast---------------------------------------gb;;;Central-----------------------------------

-------------------------------------------West--------------------------------------------

Geographic division

New England-------------------------------------Middle Atlantic---------------------------------East North Central------------------------------West North Central------------------------------South Atlantic----------------------------------East South Central------------------------------West SouthCentral------------------------------Mountain----------------------------------------Pacific-----------------------------------------


RegionRegionRegionRegionRegionRegionRegionRegionRegionRegion

I ------------------------- -------- -------

11---------------------------------------111--------------------------------------Iv---------------------------------------v----------------------------------------w----------------------------------------VII--------------------------------------VIII--------------:----------------------IX---------------------------------------x----------------------------------------

Age of optometrist

Under 25 years----------------------------------25-34years-------------------------------------35-44years-------------------------------------45-54years-------------------------------------55-64years-------------------------------------65-74years-------------------------------------75 yearsand over-------------------------------

Sex of optometrist

Male--------------------------------------------Female------------------------------------------


No States---------------------------------------1 State-----------------------------------------2 States----------------------------------------3 States or more--------------------------------

Hours per week usually worked

1-34hours--------------------------------------35-39hours-------------------------------------40 hours----------------------------------------41-44hours-------------------------------------45-48hours-------------------------------------49 hours or more--------------------------------


Total ,>tometristsII‘es;5than25-49 50-74 75-99 l;~r~r

I I

Percentdistribution

100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

8.6

10.68.27.38.1

12.210.0

R

H

::?8.5

12.2

1::!6.88,57.77.37.08.67.6

1;.:

4:76.19.427.048.3

8.321.6

11.4

::;6.5

33.96.2

::;4.73.9

20.6

23.918.318.821.9

27.822.418.916.619.818.317.721.821.9

27.822.022.019.018.517.216.723.422.320.9

26.723.817.418.125.731.022.7

20.427.4

33.320.919.518.7

26.425.821.020.418.014.4

27.3

26.827.425.429.7

28.826.127.626.926.923.224.730.529.5

28.826.625.825.427.825.625.429.830.027.7

17.327.828.027.828.522.514.1

27.422.9

49.927.028.327.0

19.229.629.327.428.326.7

15.0

13.515.3;:.!.

13.413.615.016.118.117.115.015.914.1

13.412.616.717.615.215.215.914.713.417.6

13.915.316.816.712.0

::;

15.19.9

14.616.416.3

7.415.815.616.515.716.7

28.5

25.130.831.625.8

17.827.929.634.028.034.834.825.326.0

17.830.024.831.330.1;’$;

25:225.826.3

28.325.533.231.324.51;.:.

28.818.2

5.428.129.531.5

13.022.727.631.133.338.3

22

Table 3. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of patient visits per week, accord-ing to selected Professional characteristics of the optometrist: United States. 1968

Selected professional characteristicsofoptometrist

United States----------------------------

Principal form of employment

Self employed:S010 practice--------------------------------Partnership----------------------------------Group practice-------------------------------

Employed by:Optometrists---------------------------------Ophthalmologistsor other physicians---------Profit-making firms--------------------------N;~$~fit organizations (includinggovern-

---------------------------------------Other------------------------------------------

Number of optometrists in partnership or g-rouppractice

2 optometrists ---------------------------------3 optometrists ---------------------------------4 optometrists or more-------------------------Not applicable---------------------------------

Number of office locations

1 office ---------------------------------------2 offices--------------------------------------3 offices or more------------------------------

Number of patients seen per week

Less than 25 patients--------------------------25-49 patients---------------------------------50-74 patients---------------------------------75-99 patients---------------------------------100 patients or more---------------------------

Number of supplementaryhelpers of all types

No assistant-----------------------------------1 assistant------------------------------------2 assistants-----------------------------------3 assistants or more---------------------------

Number of optometric services rendered

1-3 services-----------------------------------4-6 services-----------------------------------7-9 services-----------------------------------10 services or more----------------------------

Type of optometric service

Refractions------------------------------------Visual field examination-----------------------Tonometry--------------------------------------Aniseikonic testing----------------------------Biomicroscopy----------------------------------Ophthalmoscopy---------------------------------Contact lens fitting---------------------------Visual training (orthoptics)-------------------Developmental vision---------------------------Prescribing low vision aids--------------------Visual readiness for reading-------------------Dispensing and adjusting eyeware---------------Frame repairs----------------------------------Fabrication of eyeware-------------------------Other------------------------------------------

–,


Total I t 1 Ioptometrists II‘es;5than25-49 50-74 75-99 l&~r

18,299

13,5102,178530

951171636

183140

2,105421182

15,592

15,0832,806410

4,0866,8863,7191,7261,881

3,9606,6553,8833,801

9004,0757,3445,980

18,23813,78012,0981,5285,907

16,92814,5219,1285,2257,4504,73517,12215,5326,610718

Number

1,578

1,2548829

621050

5035

10113

1,46?

1,36818129

1,578

910408132129

261532495290

1,5611,002653127274

1,244817670352443328

1,3501,12835437

3,762

3,10430560

147

::

2619

306:;

3,396

3,09759075

L,549?,214

1,3521,511543356

216930

1,509L,107

3,752Z,787~,254299

1,0123,423?,821L,917L,056L,404963

3,5111,115L,243139

4,989

3>886526123

239

1::

2922

50510044

i,340

k,10378798

709!,723.,556

L,0002>1341,051803

1861,052?,070L,680

i,9733,8783,436376

1,662~,700t,080~ 561[;476?,040.,3511,712t,285.,746193

2,750

2,02434574

1223489

4120

3355827

2,330

2,27242157

117988975669

2781,132720620

4;:1,1521,047

2,7462,2192,043230

1,0382,6422,3431,496875

1,269778

2,5952,402L,057127

5,221

3,241913244

381

2;!

::

859205

4,0::

4,243826152

133961

1,1881,0581,881

4201,4701,4371,894

1591,0892,1181,856

5,2063,8943,;;;

1,9214,9184,4602,4851,4672,2941,3154,9534,6022,210222

23

Table 3. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of patient visits per week, accord.irm to selected professional characteristicsof the optometrist:United States, 1968—COn.

It


United States----------------------------


Self employed:Solo practice--------------------------------Partnership----------------------------------Group practice-------------------------------

Employed by:Optometrists---------------------------------Ophthalmologists or other physicians---------Profit-making firms--------------------------N~~fit organizations (includinggovern-

---------------------------------------Other------------------------------------------

Number of optometrists in partnership or groupuractice

2 optometrists---------------------------------3 optometrists---------------------------------4 optometrists or more-------------------------Not applicable---------------------------------


1 office---------------------------------------2 offices--------------------------------------3 offices or more------------------------------


Less than 25 patients--------------------------25-49 patients---------------------------------50-74 patients---------------------------------75-99 patients---------------------------------100 patients or more---------------------------


No assistant-----------------------------------.1assistant------------------------------------2 assistants-----------------------------------3 assistants or more---------------------------



Tvoe of optometric service

Refractions------------------------------------Visual field examination-----------------------Tonometry--------------------------------------Aniseikonic testing----------------------------Biomicroscopy----------------------------------Ophthalmoscopy---------------------------------Contact lens fitting---------------------------Visual training (orthoptics)-------------------Developmental vision---------------------------Prescribing low vision aids--------------------Visual readiness for reading-------------------Dispensing and adjusting eyeware---------------Frame repairs-------,---------------------------Fabrication of eyeware-------------------------Other------------------------------------------


Totaloptometrists

Les;5than 25-49 50-74 75-99 L;:r:r


100.0

100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100 ;o100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

8.6

N5.5

::;7.8

27.425.4

4.83.11.89.4

:::7,0

38.6

23.06.13.43.4

29.013.1

::;

;:55.4

::27.45.67.3

H

::;7.35.45.2

20.6

23.014.011.4

15.510.313.0

14.013.3

14.510.8

2;:;

20.521.018.3

37.932.2

34.122.714.09.4

24.122.820.618.5

20.620.218.619.617.120.219.421.020.218,920.320.520.118.819.4

27.3

28.824.223.1

25.218.021.0

15.615.8

24.023.624.327.8

27.228.123.9

17.439.541.8

25.332.127.121.1

20.725.828.228.1

27.328.128.424.628.127.828.128.128.327.428.527.527.626.426.9

15.0

15.015.914.0

12.920.013.9

22.214.2

15.913.714.914.9

15.115,013.9

1:::26,238.7

1;:818.516.3

1;::15.717.5

15.116.116.915.117.615.616.116.416.817.016.415.215.516.017.6

28.5

24.041.946.0

40.045.844.3

20.831.4

40.848.751.026.1

28.129,437.0

1:::31.961.3100.0

10.622:137.049.8

17.626.728.831.0

28.528.330.732.432.5;:.+

27:228.130.827.828.929.633.431.0

24

Table 4. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of patients seen per week, accord-ing to State: United States. 1968

State

LlnitedStates----------------------------

Alabama----------------------------------------Alaska-----------------------------------------ArLzona----------------------------------------Arkansas---------------------------------------California-------------------------------------Colorado---------------------------------------Connecticut------------------------------------Delaware---------------------------------------::::&at d Colmbia ---------------------------

----------------------------------------

Georgia----------------------------------------Iiw&------------------------------”----------

----------------------------------------.-Illinois---------------------------------------Indiana----------------------------------------Iowa-------------------------------------------Kansas-----------------------------------------Kentucky---------------------------------------Louisiana--------------------------------------Malnc----------,---------------------------------

Maryland----------------------------------------Massachusetts----------------------------------Michigan---------------------------------------Minnesota--------------------------------------Mississippi------------------”-----------------Ffissouri---------------------------------------Montana----------------------------------------Nebraska-----------------------------------------Nevada-----------------------------------------New Hampshire----------------------------------

New Setsey -------------------------------------NewMexico-------------------------------------NewYork ---------------------------------------North Carolina---------------------------------North Dakota-----------------------------------~hio-------------------------------------------Qklahoma---------------------------------------Oregon-----------------------------------------.Pennsylvania-----------------------------------Rhode Island -----------------------------------

South Carolina---------------------------------South Dakota-----------------------------------Tennessee--------------------------------------Wx&--.-------.-----------------------”-------

-------------------..----........-----------Ver,nont----------------------------------------Virginia------------------------------------------Washington-------------------------------------West Virginia------------------------------------Wisconsin--------------------------------------Wyoming----------------------------------------


Total 1 I I IoptometristsII‘es~5than25:49 50-74 75-99 l~~r-

11 I I I I

Number

18,299

180

1$;151

2,222186258

2616486

1,602503336229229222116

174714708353120431

l%3670

67471

1,587320

9%245265

1,133132

155

2%74074

2%35614742841

4,086

23

2:

5Z;4171

1;123

3925

4::9853

;

27

35230

;:339218319

11

2105

249

?:17254

3X42

3327

lx17

5:8239828

6,886

71

5;

7%

J:1824195

8728285771941149987

::

3;:285137391:;

511437

28338601129

3::

%42147

64

%23421

&1305516520

50

3:

4;

605

10;

575

3;:

31105186

;;911238

1:

103

3::5914

21245

&27

31

::15419

5:

g

7

152

::2321314

1

::

373

12:515027241013

234176331333

1?17

33

16:21

10?36

&10

14

;:85

:1931

:22

1,881

21

1:

2%16

82

31

422

17;48

i;21156

12297554

4!

1;44

449

21514

12;1627827

133

1::123

;;11453

25

Table 4. Number and percent distribution of optometristsby number of patients seen per week, accord-ing to State: United States, 1968-Con.

State

United States----------------------------

Alabama----------------------------------------Alaska-----------------------------------------Arizona----------------------------------------Arkansas---------------------------------------California-------------------------------------Colorado---------------------------------------Connecticut------------------------------------Delaware---------------------------------------;;~)~t of Columbia---------------------------

----------------------------------------

Georgia ----------------------------------------Hawaii-----------------------------------------Idaho------------------------------------------Illinois---------------------------------------Indiana----------------------------------------Iowa-------------------------------------------Kansas-----------------------------------------Kentucky---------------------------------------Louisiana--------------------------------------Maine------------------------------------------


New Jersey-------------------------------------New Mexico -------------------------------------New York---------------------------------------North Carolina---------------------------------North Dakota-----------------------------------Ohio-------------------------------------------Oklahoma---------------------------------------Oregon-----------.---------------.-------------Pennsylvania-----------------------------------Rhode Island-----------------------------------

South Carolina---------------------------------South Dakota-----------------------------------Tennessee--------------------------------------Texas------------------------------------------Utah-------------------------------------------Vermont----------------------------------------Virginia---------------------------------------Washington-------------------------------------West Virginia----------------------------------Wisconsin--------------------------------------Wyoming----------------------------------------

=lFi=EFNumber of patienta seen per week

100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100,0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0


22.3

12.612.516.520.624.822.127.626.720.325.0

14.939.327.326.119.515.814.820.628.322.9

20.032.212.415.827.221.320.719.924.215.2

3;.:

15;730.417.518.621.825.628.731.9

21.428.420.017.422.220.020.723.026.619.219.4

37.6

39.643.840.935.334.537.840.450.033.939.6

33.3::.;

36:038.634.143.137.940.941.3

42.543.240.238.832.539.446.332.939.453.0

42.053.637.940.244.434.038.436.437.235.3

;:.:

34:231.728.645.744.536.437.438.650.0

20.3

27.725.023.519.920.124.423.213,310.221.1

21.7

2;::19.122.319.618.122.019.719.3

17.514.726.220.922.821.113.424.721.215.2

15.315.922.818.619.122.918.319.617.620.2

20.023.922.620.825.414.320.2;:.:

20:716.7

9.4

1::;7.8

1::!7.05.6

2;:;.

14.1

1:::

1::?14.811.610.3

1:::

13.1

$:

10:5

;::10.3

1:::

4.910.110.1

1::$11,114.98.4;.:.

1:::

1;:;

1/::6.98.8

1%:5.6

10.3

12.0

1!:!14.710.18.73.2

1::;6.2

16.13.37.810.9

12:112.59.46.65.5

6.9

1::315.2

1;::

12:312.16.1

1:::13.64.4

1!:!

1:::7.25.0

8.3

1:::18.71;.:

.

1::;

1;::8.3

Table 5. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of patients seen per week, accordingto geographic area and selected characteristics of the optometrist: United States. 1968

Geographic areaandselected characteristics ofoptometrist

United States----------------------------

Geographic region

Northeast--------------------------------------lJJg~ Central----------------------------------

------------------------------------------west-------------------------------------------

Geographic division

New England------------------------------------Middle Atlantic--------------------------------East North Central-----------------------------West North Central-----------------------------South Atlantic---------------------------------East South Central-----------------------------West South Central-----------------------------Mountain---------------------------------------Pacific----------------------------------------


Region I---------------------------------------Region II--------------------------------------Region III-------------------------------------Region IV--------------------------------------Region V---------------------------------------Region VI--------------------------------------Region VII-------------------------------------Region VIII ------------------------------------Region IX--------------------------------------Region X---------------------------------------

Age of optometrist

Under 25 years---------------------------------25-34 years------------------------------------35-44 years------------------------------------45-54 years------------------------------------55-64 years------------------------------------65-74 years------------------------------------75 years and over------------------------------

Sex of optometrist ‘

Male-------------------------------------------Female -----------------------------------------


No States--------------------------------------1 State----------------------------------------2 States---------------------------------------3 States or more-------------------------------



~


Number

18,299

4,7215,8384,1073,633

1,3273,3944,1681,6701,929820

1,358709

2,924

1,3272,2611,8342,0494,5211,4291,151556

2,448725

622,0045,4006,6322,6011,205396

17,912387

13,9;83,3551,005

2,1532,8974,2182,3303,4313,269

4,086

1,1711,162883870

388783858304446161276142728

388458479453913281209123606176

4:2879

1,236702569251

3,!33:

3,21;683179

1,082649878440579457

6,886

1,8662,1711,5361,313

5611,3051,536635767296473285

1,029

561884713771

1,673511434217861261

25731

2,0242,5881,03938396

5,753133

85,2141,284381

6271,1991,651884

1,337L,188

3,719

8941,251844730

229665905346378193272151580

229466327444979284236119490147

4i;1,2431,40247114131

3,66653

41,804699212

264566882493751764

1,726

390580409348

90299402178185

li:

2;;

90193180190435153126

2::65

7208599663190556

L,70224

1,27;326128

2::::;

342380

1,881

400675436371

58342468207153

1;;

2;2

2%135191521201146

2$:76

22126557432005712

1,85031

1,41:363103

87220405266423480

27

Table 5. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of patients seen per week, accordingto geographic area and selected characteristics of the optometrist: United States, 1968—Con.

Geographic area snd selected characteristics ofoptometrist

United States----------------------------

Geozrauhic re!zion

Northeast--------------------------------------:igg Central----------------------------------

------------------------------------------West-------------------------------------------

Geographic division

New England------------------------------------Middle Atlantic--------------------------------East North Central-----------------------------West North Central-----------------------------South Atlantic---------------------------------East South Central-----------------------------West South Central-----------------------------Mountain---------------------------------------Pacific----------------------------------------


Region I---------------------------------------Region II--------------------------------------Region III-------------------------------------Region IV--------------------------------------Region V---------------------------------------Region VI--------------------------------------Region VII-------------------------------------Region VIII------------------------------------Region IX--------------------------------------Re~ion X---------------------------------------

Age of optometrist

Under 25 years---------------------------------25-34 years------------------------------------35-44 years------------------------------------45-54 bears------------------------------------55-64 years------------------------------------65-74 years------------------------------------75 years and over------------------------------

Sex of optometrist

Male-------------------------------------------Female-----------------------------------------


No States--------------------------------------1 State----------------------------------------2 States---------------------------------------3 States or more-------------------------------




Totaloptometrists

Les;5than 25-49 50-74 75-99 I::rgr

100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100,0100.0

100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0


22.3

24.819.921.524.G

29.223.120.618.223.119.620.320.024.9

29.220.326.122.020.219.718.222.224.724.2

24.421.716.318.627.047.263.5

22.037.7

33.223.120.417.9

50.322.420.818.916.914.0

37.6

39.537.237.436.2

42.338.536.938.039.836.234.840.235.2

42.339.138.937.637.035.737.739.135.236.1

40.636.537.539.039.931.8.24.3

37.734.4

39.237.538.337.9

29.141.439.137.939.036.3

20.3

19.021.420.520.1

17.319.621.720.719.623.520.121.219.8

17.320.617.821.721.619.920.521.420.020.2

20.920.923.021.218.111.77.7

20.513.6

22.220.120.821.1

12.319.520.921.221.923.4

9.4

8.3

1:::9.6

6.8;.:

10:6

;::10.8

1:::

6.88.59.89.3

1%$10.9

1::;8.9

10.510.411.110.0

i::1.4

:::

9.;

1::;

4.39.1

1::210.011.6

10.3

1!::10.610.2

1:::11.212.4

11:;14,110.510.1

1;:27.49.311.514.012.7

1%:10.5

1:::12.111.2

M3.1

10.38.0

li~10.810.3

4.17.69.611.412.314.7

28

Table 6. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of patients seen per week, accord-ing to selected professional characteristics of the optometrist: United States, 1968

Selected professional characteristics ofoptometrist

United States----------------------------


Self employed:SOlcIpractice--------------------------------Partnership--------------- ------------------Group Ilractice-------------------------------

Employed by:optometrists---------------------------------Ophthalmologistsor other physicians---------Profit-making fires --------------------------Nonprofit organizations (includinggoverment) --------------------------------

Other------------------------------------------

Number of optometrists in partnership or grouppract~ce

2 optometrists---------------------------------3 optometrists--------------------------------..4 optometrists or more-------------------------Not applicable---------------------------------


1 office---------------------------------------2 offices--------------------------------------3 offices or more------------------------------


Less than 25 visits----------------------------25-49 visits-----------------------------------50-74 Wisits----------.------.-----------------75-99 visits-----------------------------------100 visits or more-----------------------------


None-------------------------.-----------------1 assistant------------------------------------2 assistants-----------------------------------3 assistants or more---------------------------




Refractions------------------------------------Visual field examination-----------------------Tonometry--------------------------------------Aniseikonic testing----------------------------Bfomicroscopy----------------------------------Ophthalmoscopy---------------------------------Contact lens fitting---------------------------Visual training (orthoptics)-------------------Developmentalvision---------.,-----------------Prescribing low vision aids--------------------Visual readiness for reading-------------------Dispensing and adjusting eyeware---------------Frame repairs----------------------------------Fabrication of eyeware-------------------------Other------.-----------------------------------

Totaloptometrists


‘es;5than 25-49 50-74 75-99 l’&~r

18,29$

13,51C2,17E530

951171636

183140

2,105421182

15,592

15,0832,806410

1,5783,7624,9892,7505,221

3,9606,6553,8833,801

9004,0757,3445,980

18,23813,78012,0981,5285,90716,9281$,;;;

5;2257,4504,73517,1221;,:;;

‘718

4,086

3,40425961

152

;:

::

27936

3,762

3,;;;

68

1,5781,549709117133

1,8121,459$;;

3561,1311,5321,068

4,0622,9032,187311978

3,5752,7551,9841,0461,395941

3,7693,3231,239145

Number

6,886

5,478729151

278

1:;

3423

714U?

6,O;;

5,6781,069140

2,2112,723988961

1,4472,9121,4983.,028

2451,4632,8922,285

5,8705,312L,724532

~,178),448$25563,5232,0482,8151,8316,5415,9212,439257

3,719

2,571533127

236

1%

Z

505111

3,02:

3,04859081

1,556975

L,188

4591,368942952

148727

L,534L,31O

3,710!,827!,610315

L,326},521),125!,8521,1181,6311,0323,5093,2371,492149

1,726

1,08227160

1214388

3625

25758

1,3;2

1,4072;;

6661,058

142525464596

3;;695632

L,7231,357L,252171680

.,638-,;;;

493777442

L,571L,46666766

1,881

975384132

16346138

2419

350100

1,32:

1,48831776

l,88i

101392489900

4;;691685

1,8741,3811,325199744

1,7471,596890521831489

1,7311,585773101

29

Table 6. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of patients seen per week, accord-ing to selected professional characteristicsof the optometrist: United States, 1968—Con.


United States-----------------------------


Self employed:Solo practice---------------------------------Partnership-----------------------------------Group practice--------------------------------

Employed by:Optometrists----------------------------------Ophthalmologists or other physicians----------Profit-making firms---------------------------Nonprofit organizations (including

government)---------------------------------Other-------------------------------------------

Number of optometrists in partnership or grouppractice

2 optometrists----------------------------------3 optometrists----------------------------------4 optometrists or more--------------------------Not applicable----------------------------------


1 office----------------------------------------2 offices---------------------------------------3 offices or more-------------------------------


Less than 25 visits-----------------------------25-49 visits------------------------------------50-74 visits------------------------------------75-99 visits------------------------------------100 visits or more------------------------------


None--------------------------------------------1 assistant-------------------------------------2 assistants------------------------------------3 assistants or more----------------------------


1-3 services------------------------------------4-6 services------------------------------------7-9 services------------------------------------10 services or mo~e-----------------------------


Refractions-------------------------------------Visual field examination------------------------Tonometry---------------------------------------Aniseikonic testing-----------------------------Biomicroscopy-----------------------------------Ophthalmoscopy----------------------------------Contact lens fitting----------------------------Visual training (orthoptics)--------------------Developmentalvision----------------------------Prescribing Iow vision aids---------------------Visual readiness for reading--------------------Dispensing and adjusting eyeware----------------Frame repairs-----------------------------------Fabrication of eyeware--------------------------Other-------------------------------------------

30

IIII Number ofpatients seenper week

Totalptometrists

Les;5than 25-49 50-74 75-99 l::r:r

100.0

100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.010000100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0


22.3

25.211.911.5

16.0

1%;

33.634.0

13.28.5

2::;

23.019.816.6

100.041.214.24.32.5

45.721.912.68.6

39.627.720.917.9

22.321.118.120.416.621.119.021.720.018.719.922.021.418.820.2

37.6

40.633.528.5

29.316.925.7

18.716.5

33.927.827.238.5

37.638.134.1

58.;54.636.018.4

36.543.838.627.1

27.335.939.438.2

37.738.639.134.836.938.138.338.639.237.838.738.238.136.935.8

20.3

19.024.523.9

24.921.125.5

14.818.2

24.026.324.719.6

20.221.019.8

-

31.;35.522.8

11.620.624.325.0

16.517.920.921.9

20.320.521.620.622.520.821.520.321.421.921.820.520.822.620.8

9.4

1!::11.3

12.725.213.9

19.718.1

12.213.7

:::

9.3

1?:!

24.320.3

3.67.911.915.7

8.0

R10.6

;:210.411.211.5

1::;9.6,

J:;9.39.2

1::!9.2

10.3

1;:;24.9

17.227.121.7

13.113.2

16.623.736.58.8

1?:;18.5

36.;

$:12.623.7

1::!

1?::

10.310.011.013.012.610.311.0

1:::11.210.310.110.211.714.1

Table 7. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of supplementary personnel of alltypes used to assist in practice, according to State: United states, 1968

State

United States------------------------------------

fala:s -------- ---------- -------- --.----- .-------- ------------ ------- -.---------- ------- -----.---- ------

Arizona------------------------.-----------------------Arkansas-----------------------------------------------California---------------------------------------------Colorado-----------------------------------------------Connecticut--------------------------------------------Delaware-----------------------------------------------District of Columbia-----------------------------------Florida------------------------------------------------

Georgia------------------------------------------------$::i -------------------------------------------------

---.-----------------------------------.----------Illinois-----------------------------------------------Indiana------------------------------------------------Iowa---------------------.---------.---i---------------Kansas-------------------------------------------------Kentucky-----------.-----.-----------------------------Louisiana----------------------------------------------Maine------------------------.-------------------------

Maryland.-------------..--------------------------------Massachusetts------------------------------------------Michigan-----------------------------------------------Minnesota----------------------------------------------Mississippi--------------------------------------------Missouri-----------------------------------------------Hontana------------------------------------------------Nebraska-----------------------------------------------Nevada-------------------------------------------------New Hampshire------------------------------------------

New Jersey ---------------------------------------------New Mexico---------------------------------------------New York-----------------------------------------------North Carolina-----------------------------------------North Dakota-------------------------------------------Ohio..--...--------------.-----------------------------Oklahoma-----------------------------------------------Oregon-----------------------------.---.--r-”...-.-----Pennsylvania-------------------------------------------Rhode Island-------------------------------------------

South Carolina-----------------------------------------South Dakota-------------------------------------------Tennessee----------------------------------------------Texas--------------------------------------------------Utah---------------------------------------------------VemonC ------------------------------------------------Virginia-----------------------------------------------Washington---------------------------------------------West Virginia------------------------------------------Wisconsin----------------------------------------------Wyoming------------------------------------------------

Totaloptometrists

Number of supplementarypersonnel of all types

I I I

None II1 2 3 ormore

II I I I

Number

18,299

180

1;;151

2,22218625835

4;:

26164

1,6;2;;:

229229222116

174714708353120431

1%3670

1,133132

15594292740

;;27235614742841

6.655

75

;:

8%609918

2;:

110

:+458190137

1?2

%

492752301196114541641232

2:$

464162

3X123

3%’46

;:11423030

lx116

1:;

31

Table 7. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of supplementary personnel of alltypes used to assist in practice, according to State: United States, 1968—Con.

State

United States -------- -------- -------- -------- ----

Alabam ------------------------------------------------Alaska ----------------- -------- -------- -------- -----.-- -Arizona ------------------------------------------------Arkansas -----------------------------------------------California -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -----Colorado -----------------------------------------------Connecticut --------------------------------------------DeLaware -----------------------------------------------District of Columbia -----------------------------------Florida --------- ----.--------m--.------.---.-----.--- --

Georgia-------------------------------------------------Hawaii -------- -------- -------- -------= --------- --------Idaho -------------- ------- ------- ------- ------- --------Illinois -------- -------- ----------------- -.------ -------

Indiana -------- ---------------- -------- ----------------

Iowa---------------------------------------------------Kansas........-.........--”-----------------------------Kentucky -----------------------------------------------Louisiana ----------------------------------------------Maine -------------- -------------- ------- ---------------

Maryland -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------Massachusetts -------- -------- -------- ---------------- --Michigan -------- ---------------- ---------------- .......Minnesota----------------------------------------------Mississippi--------------------------------------------Missouri------------------------------------------------Montana------------------------------------------------Nebraska-----------------------------------------------Nevada-------------------------------------------------New Hampshire.........-...........---------------------

New .Jerfey---------- -------------------- ---------------New MexLco---------------------------------------------New York----------------------------.------------------North Carolina-----------------------------------------North Dakota-------------------------------------------Ohio---------------------------------------------------Oklahoma-----------------------------------------------Oregon-------------------------------------------------Pennsylvania-------------------------------------------Rhode Island------------------------.------------------

South Carolina-----------------------------------------South Dakota-------------------------------------------Tennessee.............................................-Texas--------------------------------------------------Utah---------------------------------------------------Vermont------------------------------------------.-----Virginia-----------------------------------------------Washington---------------------------------------------West Virginia------------------------------------------Wisconsin----------------..........------......--------Wyoting....................................m..........-


Totaloptometrists

~

100.0


100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0I.oo.o100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100:0100.0100.0

21.6

5.7

14.817.714.914.529.226.713.611.8

;::!

34:318.014.215.316.820.727.5

14.440.814.918.516.721.822.017.821.219.7

38.910.128.510.514.318.111.419,238.433.6

11.714.812.48.3

2;:;

17:617.319.422.2

36.4

41.556.341.742.737.532.638.450,025.444.3

42.232.842.928.637.840.840.750.537.450.5

28.138.532.533.650.933.646.341.133.345.5

36.249.329.250.746.040.250.232.031.534.5

47.636.439.331.139.737.145.832.439.634.138.9

21.2

27.018.825.226.523.722.720.416.715.328.2

26.911.529.916.723.422.827.318.723.212.8

20.612.424.526.425.422.120.721.927.315.2

15.033.317.827.430.219.826.224.416.515.1

24.829.625.119.9

2;:;24.729.730.921.222.2

20.8

25.825.018.313.223.930.212.0

4;:;15.7

24.514.813.020.520.822.216.714.018.79.2

36.98.428.121.5

2;::11.019.218.219.7

9.9

2::;11.5

2?::12.224.413.516.8

15.919.323.340.844.414.323.920.312.225.316.7

32

Table 8. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of supplementary personnel used toassist in practice, accordingto geographic area and selected characteristicsof the optometrist:ed States, 1968

Unit-


United states------------------------------------

Geographic region

Northeast----------------------------------------------North Central------------------------------------------South--------------------------------------------------West------------------------.---------------------------

Geographic division

New England--------------------------------------------Middle Atlantic----------------------------------------East North Central-------------------------------------West North Central-------------------------------------South Atlantic-----------------------------------------East South Central--------------------------------------West South Central-------------------------------------:::;g~--------------------- --------------------------

-----------------..-----------..-----s------------


Region 1-----------------------------------------------Region 11----------------------------------------------Region 111---------------------------------------------Region IV----------------------------------------------Region V-----------------------------------------------Region VI----------------------------------------------Region VII---------------------------------------------Region VIII -------- -------- -------- ----------- -------- -Region IX----------------------------------------------Region X-----------------------------------------------

Age of optometrist

Under 25 years-----------------------------------------25-34 years--------------------------------------------35-44 years--------------------------------------------45-54 years --------------------------------------------55-64 years --------------------------------------------65-74 years --------------------------------------------75 years and over--------------------------------------

Sex of optometrist

Male---------------------------------------------------Female-------------------------------------------------


ps;:::es -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------------- -------- ---------------- -------- --------

2 States -----------------------------------------------3 States or more ---------------------------------------


1-34 hours ---------------------------------------------35-39 hours --------------------------------------------40 hours -------- --..:---- -------- --------------------- --41-44 hours --------------------------------------------45-48 ho[lrs --------------------------------------------49 hours or more ---------------------------------------


Totaloptometrists

None 1 2 3 ormore

18,299

1,3273,3944,1681,6701,929820

1,358709

2,924

1,3272,2611,8342,049;,:;;

1:151556

2,;;;

622,0045,4006,6322,6011,205396

17,912387

2013,920

3,3551,005

2,1532,8974,2182,3303,4313,269

Number

3,960

1,6151,290

478577

4651,150

996294212105161106471

465715521231

1,062169204

3::126

2:?838

1,395751481210

3, W:

3,202587164

849586837457660571

6,655

1,5892,0221,6981,347

5231,0651,396

625832366500284

1,064

523708625930

1,515535439214918247

6;:1,9842,472

985399104

6,542114

5,16;1,;;;

7271,3221,562

8311,2121,001

3,883

7671,243

998875

196571832411501195303168707

196384352530925327268126575199

49:1,3331,416

440159

37

3,82063

2,80:814258

317592910508754802

3,801

7501,284

933834

143608943341385155393152682

143:;:

3571,019

398240131570152

5::1,2451 ,,;3;

16645

3,72675

42,749

763285

260397909534805895

33

Table 8. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of supplementarypersonnel used toassist in practice, according geographic area and selected characteristicsof the optometrist:Unit-ed States,-1968—Con.


United States------------------------------------

Geographic region

Northeast----------------------------------------------~u;~ Central------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------West---------------------------------------------------

Geographic division

New England--------------------------------------------Middle Atlantic----------------------------------------East North Central-------------------------------------West North Central-------------------------------------South Atlantic-----------------------------------------East South Central-------------------------------------West South Central-------------------------------------Mountain-----------------------------------------------Pacific------------------------------------------------



I ------- ------------------------- ------- ------- -II----------------------------------------------III---------------------------------------------Iv----------------------------------------------v ------------------------- ---------- ------- -----VI----------------------------------------------VII---------------------------------------------VIII --------------------------------------------Ix ------- ------- ------------------------ ------- -x --------- ----------------- ------- ------- -------

Under 25 years-----------------------------------------25-34 years--------------------------------------------35-44 years--------------------------------------------45-54 years--------------------------------------------55-64 years--------------------------------------------65-74 years--------------------------------------------75 years and over--------------------------------------

Sex of optometrist

~le---------------------------------------------------Female-------------------------------------------------


NQ States----------------------------------------------1 State------------------------------------------------2 States-----------------------------------------------3 States or more---------------------------------------


1-34 hours---------------------------------------------35-39 hours--------------------------------------------40 hours-----------------------------------------------41-44 hours--------------------------------------------45-48 hours--------------------------------------------49 hours or more---------------------------------------

Totaloptometrists

m

100.0


100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0

21.6

34.222.111.615.9

35.033.923.917.611.012.811.915.016.1

35.031.628.411.323.511.817.715.215.717.4

30.013.415,521.028.939.953.0

21.435.1

16.6;;.:

16:3

39.420.219.919.619.217.5

36.4

33.734.641.337.1

39.431.433.537.443.144.636.840.036.4

39.431.334.145.433.537.538.138.637.534.1

26.134.736.737.337.933.126.3

36.529.3

27.337.135.529.6

33.845.637.035.735.330.6

21.2

16.221.324.324.1

14.816.820.024.626.023.822.323.724.2

14.817.019.225.920.522.923.322.723.527.5

2;::24.7;;.;

13:29.4

21.316.4

33.820.124.325.7

14.720.421,621.822.024.5

20.8

15.922.022.723.0

10.817.922.620.420.018.929.021.423.3

10.820.118.317.422.527.920,823.523.321.0

35.227.423.1g.;

13:811.3

20,819.3

:;.:

22:728.4

12.113.721.622.923,527.4

34

Table 9. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of supplementary personnel used toassist in Dractice. according to selected professional characteristics of the optometrist: UnitedStates, 19b8 “

Selected professional characteristicsof optometrist

LInitedStates------------------------------------


Self emplayed:Solo practice----------------------------------------Partnership------------------------------------------Group practice---------------------------------------

Employed by:Optometrists-----------------------------------------Ophthalmologistsor other physicians-----------------Profit-making firms----------------------------------Nonprofit organizations (including government)-------

Other--------------------------------------------------


1 Office-----------------------------------------------2 offices----------------------------------------------3 offices or more--------------------------------------


Less than 25 visits------------------------------------25-49 visits-------------------------------------------50-74 visits-------------------------------------------75-99 visits-------------------------------------------100 visits or more -------------------------------------


Less than 25 patients-------------------------:--------25-49 patients-----------------------------------------50-74 patients-----------------------------------------75-99 patients-----------------------------------------100 patients or mare-----------------------------------

Number OE optometric services rendered

1-3 senices -------------------------------------------4-6 senices -------------------------------------------7-9 sewices -------------------------------------------10 services or more------------------------------------


Refractions--------------------------------------------visual field examination-------------------------------Tononletry----------------------------------------------Aniseikonic testing------------------------------------Biomicrascopy------------------------------------------Ophthalmoscopy-----------------------------------------Contact lens fitting-=---------------------------------Visual training (orthoptics)--------------------------Developmental vision-----------------------------------Prescribing low vision aids----------------------------Visual readiness for reading---------------------------Di:.,ensingand adjusting eyeware-----------------------Frame repairs------------------------------------------Fabrication of eyeware---------------------------------Other--------------------------------------------------

18,299

13,5102,178530

951171636183140

15,0832,806410

1,5783,7624,9892,7505,221

4,0866,8863,7191,7261,881

9004,0757,3445,980

18,23813,78012,0981,5285,90716,92814,5219,1285,2257,4504,73517,12215,5326,610718

Number

3,960

3,52315520

100

::3227

3,38851062

9101,3521,000278420

1,8121,:$;

142101

4021,4271,465666

3,9472,5671,707247536

3,3882,4321,646757

1,149728

3,5803,1441,213

98

6,655

5,79949461

15714782429

5,77980274

4081,5112,1341,1321,470

1,4592,9121,368525392

2101,2683,0672,111

6,6385,2534,;::

1,9916,2715,432:,$;:

2:7101,7396,3665,8032,212218

3,883

2,785565120

203281313121

3,14967757

132543

1,051720

1,437

4911,498942464489

5X1,5401,660

;,y;;

2:996385

1,6733,6953,4212,1821,3671,8601,1903,7253,4491,483186

3,801

1,403963330

4911103449664

2,767818216

129356803620

1,894

3251,028;;;

900

193792

L,2721,544

3,7832,8162,714387

1,7073,5753,2351,8291,1421,7311>0783,4513,1361,702217

35

Table 9. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of supplementary personnelassist in practice, according to selected professional characteristicsof the optometrist:States, 1968—Con.

Selected professional characteristics of optometrist

United States------------------------------------


Self employed:Solo practice----------------------------------------Partnership------------------------------------------Group practice---------------------------------------

Employed by:Optmetrists -----------------------------------------Ophthalmologists or other physicians-----------------Profit-making firms----------------------------------Nonprofit organizations (including government)-------

Other--------------------------------------------------


1 office-----------------------------------------------2 offices----------------------------------------------3 offices Or more--------------------------------------

Number of vatient visits r.erweek

Less than 25 visits------------------------------------25-49 visits-------------------------------------------50-74 visits-------------------------------------------75-99 visits-------------------------------------------100 visits or more-------------------------------------


Less than 25 patients----------------------------------25-49 patients-----------------------------------------50-74 patients-----------------------------------------75-99 patients-----------------------------------------100 patients or more-----------------------------------


1-3 senices -------------------------------------------4-6 semices -------------------------------------------7-9 semices -------------------------------------------10 services or more------------------------------------


Refractions--------------------------------------------Visual field examination-------------------------------Tonometry----------------------------------------------Aniseikonic testing------------------------------------Biomicroscopy------------------------------------------Ophthalmoscopy-----------------------------------------Contact lens fitting-----------------------------------Visual training (orthoptics)---------------------------Developmental vision-----------------------------------Prescribing low vision aids----------------------------Visual readiness for reading---------------------------Dispensing and adjusting eyeware-----------------------Frame repairs------------------------------------------Fabrication of eyeware---------------------------------Other--------------------------------------------------

used toUnited

Totaloptometricts


None 1~

2 3 ormore


100. c

100.c100.c100.c

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100;o100.0100.0100.0100,0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

21.6

26.17.13.7

10.611.113.117.519.0

22.518.215.2

57.635.920.110.18.1

44.321.012.38.25.4

44.735.020.011.1

21.618.614.116.2

2:::16.818.014.515.415.420.920.318.413.6

36.4

42.922.711.4

16.5

1!:$13.120.5

38.328.618.0

25.840.242.8:;.;

.

35.742.336.830.420.8

23.331.141.835.3

36.438.138.733.433.737.037.438.037.536.436.737.237.433.530.3

21.2

20.625,922.6

21.416.120.616.814.8

20.924.114.0

1:::21.126.227.5

12.021.825.326.926.0

10.614.421.027.8

21.222.824.825.228.321.823.623.926.225.025.121.822.222.4 I25.8

20.8

10.444.262.3

51.664.354.052.645.7

18.329.152.8

::;16.122.536.3

1::;25.634.547.8

21.419.417.325.8

20.720.422.425.328.921.122.320.021.923.222.820.220.225.830.3

36

Table 10. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of secretaries and/or receptionistsused to assist in practice, according to State: United States, 1968

State

United States------------------------------------.

Alabma ------------------------------------------------Alaska-------------------------------------------------Arizona------------------------------------------------Arkansas-----------------------------------------------California---------------------------------------------Colorado-----------------------------------------------Connecticut--------------------------------------------Delaware-----------------------------------------------District of Columbia-----------------------------------Florida------------------------------------------------

Georgia------------------------------------------------Hawaii-------------------------------------------------Idaho--------------------------------------------------::jyn:s -----------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------Iowa---------------------------------------------------Kansas-------------------------------------------------Kentucky-----------------------------------------------Louisiana----------------------------------------------Maine--------------------------------------------------

Maryland-----------------------------------------------Massachusetts------------------------------------------Michigan-----------------------------------------------Minnesota----------------------------------------------Mississippi--------------------------------------------Missouri----------------------------------------------Montana------------------------------------------------Nebraska-----------------------------------------------Nevada-------------------------------------------------New Hmpshire ------------------------------------------

New Jersey---------------------------------------------New Mexico---------------------------------------------New York-----------------------------------------------North Car~lina-----------------------------------------North Dakota-------------------------------------------Ohio---------------------------------------------------Oklahoma-----------------------------------------------Oregon-------------------------------------------------Pennsylvania-------------------------------------------Rhode Island-------------------------------------------

South Carolina-----------------------------------------South Dakota-------------------------------------------Tennessee----------------------------------------------~::s --------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------Vemont ------------------------------------------------Virginia-----------------------------------------------Washington---------------------------------------------West Virginia------------------------------------------Wisconsin----------------------------------------------Wyaing ------------------------------------------------

Number

18,299

1512,22218625835

26164

1,6%503336229229222116

174714708353120431

1!;3670

674

1,5:+320

9;+245265

1,133132

255_?_—

333

5135

6%163106

%7439

7,93(

9:

::7:932

l!i

i:28C

14:1$

5;:246157~z:11710261

2%288134

1;:43692035

255

6$:189

4;;12411140550

83

1%3673316142136

1;:21

2,797

341

;:4012937

1:75

5:

2;;

::31342513

43

12:641764

2?111

7310

19844

13:41

l!

2521

1%13

5;7624605

1,318

17

1;

22:1910

1;15

174

12;282866

212

24267128

4:27

;

22

12~

7;10

::9

7

2;8114

1;24

4:2

Table 10. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of secretaries end/or receptionistsused to assist in practice, according to State: United States, 196&—Con, ~

State

United States------------------------------------

Alabma ------------------------------------------------Alaska-------------------------------------------------Arizona------------------------------------------------Arkmsas -----------------------------------------------CalifOmia ---------------------------------------------Colorado-----------------------------------------------Connecticut--------------------------------------------Delaware-----------------------------------------------District of Columbia-----------------------------------Florida------------------------------------------------

Georgia ------------------------------------------------Hawaii-------------------------------------------------Idaho--------------------------------------------------Illinois-----------------------------------------------Indiana------------------------------------------------Iowa---------------------------------------------------Kansas-------------------------------------------------Kentucky-----------------------------------------------Louisiana----------------------------------------------Maine--------------------------------------------------

Maryland-----------------------------------------------Massachusetts------------------------------------------Michigan-----------------------------------------------Minnesota----------------------------------------------Mississippi--------------------------------------------Missouri-----------------------------------------------Montana------------------------------------------------Nebraska-----------------------------------------------Nevada-------------------------------------------------New Hmpshire ------------------------------------------

New Jersey---------------------------------------------New Iiexico---------------------------------------------New York-----------------------------------------------North .Carolina-----------------------------------------North Dakota-------------------------------------------Ohio---------------------------------------------------Okl&ma -----------------------------------------------Oregon-------------------------------------------------Pennsylvania-------------------------------------------Rhode Island-------------------------------------------

South Carolina-----------------------------------------South Dakota-------------------------------------------Tennessee----------------------------------------------Texas--------------------------------------------------Utah---------------------------------------------------Vermont------------------------------------------------Virginia-----------------------------------------------Washington---------------------------------------------k.estVirginia------------------------------------------Wisconsin----------------------------------------------Wyoming------------------------------------------------

~

Number of secretaries snd/or

Totaloptometrists

100.0

100,0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100,0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

receptionists

None 1 2 3 ormore


34.2

18.218.825.228.730.130.237.240.027.125.0

19.754.135.143.632.431.529.231.333.333.9

26.351.228.736.133.333.642.733.636.424.2

;;.;

39:025.022,231.428.831,247.043.7

25.528.427.b18.619.134.319.833.928.835.930.6

43.3

53.568.851.350.042.043.644.446.739.056.8

54.629.544.234.648.946.654.650.946.053.2

35.637.740.737.950.942,448.844.554.650.0

37.955.440.759.158.745.550.742.035.837.8

53.840,946.249.6;t.;

52:238.250.439.952.8

15,3

18.9

1::;16.918.015.714.413.317.015.3

19.3

2::;14.213.113,513.415.011.111.0

24.4

2;:218.214.014.8

1?::

1::;

10.814.512.513.911.115.016.617.612.511.8

15.922,717.820.917.511.421.921.216.614.111.1

7.2

9.46.37.84.4

1;:;4.0

17.03.0

13.8

1:::7.91.89.32.44.8

1:::

3.3

M7.98.13.9

:::6.7

4.88,0

1::$19.111.46.16.7

l&:5.6

38

Table 11. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of secretaries andlor receptionistsused to assist in practice, according to geographic area and selectedtrist: United States, 1968

characteristics of the optome.

Geographic area and selected characteristics ofoptometrist

United States------------------------------------

Geographic region

Northeast----------------------------------------------North Central------------------------------------------South--------------------------------------------------West---------------------------------------------------

Geographic division

New England--------------------------------------------Middle Atlantic----------------------------------------East North Central-------------------------------------West North Central-------------------------------------South Atlantic-----------------------------------------East South Central-------------------------------------West South Central-------------------------------------Mountain-----------------------------------------------PaciEic------------------------------------------------

Standard Federal ~


I----------------.--.---------------------------11----------------------------------------------IT.I---------------------------------------------IY----------------------------------------------V-----------------------------------------------VI----------------------------------------------VII---------------------------------------------vl-lr---------------------------------------------Ix----------------------------------------------x-----------------------------------------------

Age of optometrist

Under 25 years-----------------------------------------25-Y+ years--------------------------------------------35-44 years--------------------------------------------45-54 years--------------------------------------------55-64 years--------------------------------------------65-74 years--------------------------------------------75 years and over--------------------------------------

Sex of optometrist

Male---------------------------------------------------Female-------------------------------------------------


No States----------------------------------------------1 StaEe------------------------------------------------2 States-----------------------------------------------3 States or more---------------------------------------


1.34 hours ---------------------------------------------35-39 hours--------------------------------------------40 hours-----------------------------------------------41-44 hours--------------------------------------------45-48 hours--------------------------------------------49 hours or more---------------------------------------

Totaloptometrists

Number of secretaries and/orreceptionists

I I I

I None I 1I

2 I 3 ormore

18,299

4,7215,8384,1073,633

1,3273,3944,1681,6701,929820

1,358709

2,924

1,3272,2611,8342,049~,:;;

1;151556

2,448725

2,0%5,4006,6322,6011,;::

17,912387

13,9::3,3551,005

2,1532,8974,2182,3303,4313,269

Number

6,255

2,0632,0481,0201,124

5881,4751,509539;;:

325214910

588942709519

1,636344369163748237

5%1,6422,182988;::

6,064191

3%,8881,076288

1,051934

1,342777

1,1111,041

7,930

1,8522,4292,0951,554

5461,3061,681748

1,018408669344

1,210

546901728

1,1031,815711533260

1,035297

8;;2,4152,9601,149448104

7,805125

6,O;;1,442423

808l,43i1,8911,0071,4841,309

2,797

546899720631

134413639260338137246101530

134272284331703256166

4%141

37:931

1,01933410327

2,75640

2,02:581189

199401646381563606

1,318

259462273324

2%339123105

1:;50274

1;;113

3%11882

2::

22:4124711306116

1,28731

1957256104

1::339165274314

39

Table Il.. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number Of secretaries andlor receptionistsused to assist in practice, according to geographic area and selectedtrist: United States, 1968—Con.

characteristicsof the o~tome-


United States------------------------------------

Geographic region

Northeast----------------------------------------------North Central------------------------------------------South--------------------------------------------------West------------.--------------------------.------------

Geographic division

New England--------------------------------------------Middle Atlantic----------------------------------------East North Central-------------------------------------West’North Central-------------------------------------South Atlantic-----------------------------------------East South Central-------------------------------------West South Central-------------------------------------Mountain-----------------------------------------------Pacific------------------------------------------------



I-----------------------------------------------11----------------------------------------------111---------------------------------------------Iv----------------------------------------------v --------- --------- -------------- ---------------VI----------------------------------------------VII---------------------------------------------VIII--------------------------------------------Ix----------------------------------------------x --------- ---------- ---------------- -------- -----

Age of optometrist

Under 25 years-----------------------------------------25-34 years--------------------------------------------35-44 years--------------------------------------------45-54 years--------------------------------------------55-64 years--------------------------------------------65-74 years--------------------------------------------75 years and over--------------------------------------

Sex of optometrist

Male---------------------------------------------------Female-------------------------------------------------


No States----------------------------------------------1 State------------------------------------------------2 States-----------------------------------------------3 States or more---------------------------------------



IINumber of secretaries andfor

receptionistsTotal

optometrists

None 1 2 3 Ormore

100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.010000100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0


34,2

43.735.124.831.0

:;.;

36:232.324.327.424.030.231.1

44.341.738.725.336.224.132.129.430.632.7

45.628.730.432.938.049.162.8

33.949.4

16.635.132.128.7

48.832.231.833.332.431.8

43.3

39.241.651.042.8

41.238.5:;.;

52:849.849.348.541.4

41.239.839.753.840.249.846.346.742.341.0

31.441.6& ;

44:237.226.2

43.632.3

60.943.543.042.1

37.6:;.:

43:243.240.0

15.3

11.615.417.517.4

10.112.215.315.617.516.718.114.318.1

10.112.015.516.215.617.914.514.717.519.5

1.2.318.717.215.412.98.66.9

15.410.4

17.114.517.318.8

1?:;15.316.4;:.:

.

7.2

2:6.68.9

4.56.5

::;8.18.3

;:;9.76.8

10.711.07.6

;::

::;

7.27.9

4.44.58.1

;:;9.6

40

Table 12. Number and percent distributionof optometrists by the number of secretaries and/or reception-ists thev used to assist in practice, accordingto selected professional characteristics of the optom-etrist: ~lnitedStates, 1968 -

selected professional characteristics of optometrist

United States------------------------------------




Other--------------------------------------------------


1 Office-----------------------------------------------2 offices----------------------------------------------3 offices or more--------------------------------------


Less than 25 visits------------------------------------25-49 visits-------------------------------------------50-74 vieits-------------------------------------------75-99 visits-------------------------------------------100 visits or more-------------------------------------


Less than 25 patients----------------------------------25-49 patients-----------------------------------------50-74 patients-----------------------------------------75-99 patients-----------------------------------------100 patients or more-----------------------------------


None---------------------------------------------------1 assistant--------------------------------------------2 assistants-------------------------------------------3 assistants or more-----------------------------------


1-3 services-------------------------------------------4-6 services-------------------------------------------7-9 seuicee -------------------------------------------10 services or more------------------------------------


Refractions--------------------------------------------Visual field examination-------------------------------Tonometry----------------------------------------------Aniseikonic testing------------------------------------BLomicroscopy------------------------------------------Ophthalmoscopy-----------------------------------------Contact lens fitting-----------------------------------Visual training (orthoptics)---------------------------Developmentalvision-----------------------------------Prescribing low vision aids----------------------------Visual readiness for reading---------------------------Dispensing and adjusting eyeware-----------------------Frame repairs------------------------------------------Fabrication of eyeware---------------------------------Other--------------------------------------------------

Totaloptometrists

18,299

13,5102,178530

951171636183140

15,0832,806

410

1,5783,7624,9892,7505,221

4,0866,8863,7191,7261,881

3,9606,6553,8833,801

9004,0757,3445,980

18,23813,78012,0981,5285,90716,92814,5219,1285,2257,4504,73517,12215,5326,;;;

Number of secretaries and/orreceptionists

None 1 2 3 ormore

Number

6,255

5,::;

78

195

1::

:!

5,286856113

1,0321,7761,672649

1,127

2,2332,338976348359

3,9601,;:;

324

4771,8092,3101,659

6,2264,3903,::;

1,4445,5714,3532,9641,6122,1681,4805,7815,1972,075219

7,930

6,245825149

353

2X

:;

6,827991111

4061,5002,3811,3362,306

1,4053,2611,753754756

5,26;1,;;;

2681,5093,4952,658

7,9126,2095,625664

2,6727,4646,5724,0292,354;,:3:

7;5466,8602,849317

2,797

1,674;:;

225411303321

2,1605::

3::664537

1,140

325;::

393439

1,58;1,210

4;:1,0771,179

2,7922,2072,164297

1,2122,6592,4551,519905

1,338832

2,6392,4431,116113

1,318

308403161

178

1!:4434

810368140

$271228649

123312325231327

1,31;

3::463485

1,308974918119579

1,2331,141616354592327

1,1561,03256969

41

Table 12. Number and percent distributionofoptometrists by the n~ber of secretaries andlor reception-ists thev used to assist in mactice. accordinzto selected professional characteristics of the optom-etrist: finitedStates, 1968~Con. -


United States------------------------------------

Principal form of emDlovment



Other--------------------------------------------------


1 office-----------------------------------------------2 offices----------------------------------------------3 offices----------------------------------------------






None---------------------------------------------------1 assistant--------------------------------------------2 assistants-------------------------------------------3 assistants or more-----------------------------------


1-3 se~ices -------------------------------------------4-6 semices -------------------------------------------7-9 se=ices -------------------------------------------10 services or more------------------------------------


Refractions--------------------------------------------Visual field examination-------------------------------Tonometry----------------------------------------------Aniseikonic testing------------------------------------Bionicroscopy------------------------------------------Ophthalmoscopy-----------------------------------------Contact lens fitting-----------------------------------Visual training (orthoptics)---------------------------Developmental vision-----------------------------------Prescribing low vision aids----------------------------Visual readiness for reading---------------------------Dispensing and adjusting eyeware-----------------------Frame repairs------------------------------------------Fabrication of eyeware---------------------------------Other--------------------------------------------------

II

Totaloptometrists

Number of secretariesreceptionists

andior

3 or

100.0


100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.O100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100:0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

34.2

39.119.214.7

20.514.325.827.229.9

35.130.527.6

65.447.233.523.621.6

54.734.026.320,219.1

100.020.914.98.5

53.044.431.527.7

34.131.928.029.324.532.930.032.530.929.131.333.833.531.430,5

43.3

46.237.928.1

37.118.735.630.930.8

45.335.327.1

25.839.947.748.644.2

34.447.447.143.740.2

79.i44.225.0

29.837.047.644.4

43.445.146.543.545.244.145.344.145.145.044.344.144.243.144.1

15.3

12.424.427.0

23.723.920.417.914.9

14.321.111.2

8::13.319,521.8

1::;17.922.823.3

40.631,8

1?:i14.719.7

15.316.017.919.420,515.716.916.617.318.017.615.415.716.915,8

7.2

1;::30.3

18.843,118.224.024.5

1:::34.2

2,9

R

1%:

:::

1!::17.4

34.;

7.5

H8.1

;::7.6

u7.3

;:;6.8

w

H8,69.6

42

Table 13. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of general optometric assistantsthey used to assist in practice, according to State: United States, 1968

State

United States------------------------------------

Alabama------------------------------------------------Alaska -------------------------------------------------Arizona ------------------------------------------------Arkansas -----------------------------------------------California---------------------------------------------Colorado-----------------------------------------------Connecticut--------------------------------------------Dela!~are -----------------------------------------------District of Columbia-----------------------------------Florida ------------------------------------------------

Georgia------------------------------------------------l{awaii-------------------------------------------------Idaho--------------------------------------------------IllinOls-----------------------------------------------Indiana------------------------------------------------IOwa---------------------------------------------------Kansas -------------------------------------------------Kentucky-----------------------------------------------J.ouisiana----------------------------------------------Maine--------------------------------------------------

Maryland-----------------------------------------------Massachusetts------------------------------------------Michigan-----------------------------------------------Minnesota----------------------------------------------Mississippi--------------------------------------------Missouri-----------------------------------------------Montana------------------------------------------------Nebraska-----------------------------------------------Nevada-------------------------------------------------New Hampshire------------------------------------------

New Jersey ---------------------------------------------New Mexico ---------------------------------------------New York -----------------------------------------------North Carolina -----------------------------------------North Dakota -------------------------------------------Ohio---------------------------------------------------Oklahoma-----------------------------------------------OregOn-------------------------------------------------Pennsylvania-------------------------------------------Rhode Island-------------------------------------------

South Carolina -----------------------------------------South Dakota-------------------------------------------Tennessee----------------------------------------------Texas---------------------------------------------------Utah---------------------------------------------------Vermont------------------------------------------------Virginia-----------------------------------------------Washington---------------------------------------------West Virginia------------------------------------------Wisconsin----------------------------------------------Wyoming-------------------------------------------------

Number

18,299

18017

127151

2,222186258

35

4;$

2616486

1,602503336229229222116

174714708353120431

1%3670

674

1,5;;320

9;;245265

1,133132

155

2;:7+;

2%356147428

41

L4,070

1388

1?:1,596135218

30

3::

190

X1,291

359229160181168103

149635522271

3!;

1;;

::

583

1,3;:219

54710175204952115

118

2::480

58

1;;258114309

29

3,011-

207

::458

3334

5

&

56

2;212104

H333610

:;136

57

::143510

5

71

1::7810

159

X124

13

25

H165

93

2:24799

826

12

:

11:115

2;

11

i57311415

122

;2818

2:10

632

12

4;21

4:18

413

125

H4

1;22

2:2

393

9

5

i421017

1:

,?

4

8

1

43

Table 13. Number a=d percent distribution of optometristsby number of general optometric assistantsthey used to assist in practice, according t> State: United States, 1968—Con.

State

United States------------------------------------

Alabama------------------------------------------------Alaska-------------------------------------------------Arizona------------------------------------------------Arkansas-----------------------------------------------California---------------------------------------------Colorado-----------------------------------------------Connecticut--------------------------------------------Delaware-----------------------------------------------District of Columbia-----------------------------------Florida------------------------------------------------

Georgia------------------------------------------------Hawaii-------------------------------------------------Idaho--------------------------------------------------Illinois-----------------------------------------------Indiana------------------------------------------------Iowa---------------------------------------------------Kansas-------------------------------------------------Kentucky-----------------------------------------------Louisiana----------------------------------------------Maine--------------------------------------------------

Maryland-----------------------------------------------Massachusetts------------------------------------------Michigan-----------------------------------------------Minnesota----------------------------------------------Mississippi--------------------------------------------Missouri-----------------------------------------------Montana------------------------------------------------Nebraska-----------------------------------------------Nevada-------------------------------------------------New Hampshire------------------------------------------

New Jersey---------------------------------------------New Mexico---------------------------------------------New York-----------------------------------------------North Carolina-----------------------------------------North Dakota-------------------------------------------Ohio---------------------------------------------------Oklahoma-----------------------------------------------Oregon-------------------------------------------------Pennsylvania-------------------------------------------Rhode Island-------------------------------------------

South Carolina-----------------------------------------South Dakota-------------------------------------------Tennessee----------------------------------------------Texas--------------------------------------------------Utah---------------------------------------------------Vemont ------------------------------------------------Virginia-----------------------------------------------Washington---------------------------------------------West Virginia------------------------------------------Wisconsin---------------------------------------------Wyoming------------------------------------------------

II Number of general optometricassistants

Totaloptometrists

~

100.0—

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0


100:0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100:0

76.9

76.750.075.774.371.972.784.883.3;;.;

.

72.782.067.580.671.2::.;

79:075.889.0

85.6/33.:

76:772.875.972.071.263.689.4

86.578.383.968.674.676.771.676.884.087.4

75.978.468.764.877.882.972.572.477.772.272.2

16.5

11.343.820.022.820.618.013.213.315.319.4

21.311.523.413.320.622.522.214.516.28.3

10.0

1;::16.121.915.815.922.627.37.6

10.515.911.424.314.317.220.518.011.010.1

15.914.819.622.21;.;

18:617.916.618.422.2

4.5

6.9

:::2.95.25.82.0

;::

$:

3:9

i:;4.26.52.3~.j.

i::4.05.2

;::L:.!

S3:10

1.85.8

:::

::27.42.83.72.5

;:!7.3

:::

;:;6.1

;::5.6

2.2

5.0

2.;3.5

3.;

O.i

:::5.22.6

;:;

::;

w

::;3.22.1

i::1.22.1-

1.2

1.;

::;

::;2.41.4.

0.7

‘i::4.64.82.9;.;

2;23.5

Table 14. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of general optometric assistantsthey used to assist in practice, according to geographic area and selected characteristics of the op-tometrist: United States, 1968


United States------------------------------------

Geographic region

Northeast----------------------------------------------NoTO;~Central------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------West---------------------------------------------------

Geographic division

New England--------------------------------------------Middle Atlantic----------------------------------------East North Central-------------------------------------West North Central-------------------------------------South Atlantic-----------------------------------------East South Central-------------------------------------West South Central-------------------------------------Mountain-----------------------------------------------Facific------------------------------------------------

Region I-----------------------------------------------Region 11----------------------------------------------Region 111..--------------------------------------.....RexzionIV----------------------------------------------Re~ion V-----------------------------------------------Region VI----------------------------------------------Region VII---------------------------------------------Region VIII--------------------------------------------Region IX----------------------------------------------Region X--...------------------------”-----------------

A!aeof optometrist

Under 25 years-----------------------------------------25-34 years--------------------------------------------35-44 years--------------------------------------------45-54 years--------------------------------------------55-64 years--------------------------------------------65-74 years --------------------------------------------75 years and over--------------------------------------

Sex of optometrist

Male ---------------------------------------------------Female -------------------------------------------------


NO states----------------------------------------------1 State------------------------------------------------2 States--------------------......---------------------3 States or more---------------------------------------


1-34 hours---------------------------------------------35-39 hours--------------------------------------------40 hours--------------------........-------------------41-44 hours--------------------------------------------45-48 hours--------------------------------------------49 houcs or more---------------------------------------

Number of general optometricassistants

“P=’istst=rm=18,299

4,7215,8384,1073,633

1,3273,3944,1681,6701,929820

1,358709

2,924

1,3272,2611,$3342,049;,:$;

1:”;;:

2,448725

2,0;:5,4006,6322,6011,205396

2013,9203,3551,005

2,1532,8974.2182;3303,4313,269

Number

14,070

4,0324,4162,9842,637

1,1662,8663,1911,2251,;;;

935518

2,119

1,1661,9141,5001,5013,461;;;

4141,767528

1,3::3,878;,;;;

1:042347

13,761308

10,8;;2,464739

1,8212,3083,2671,7362,5902,347

3,011

5101,001784717

134375690310361137285133584

134251232;;;

296230

5::139

4;:1,0721,03931211936

2,95753

2,202635170

252458698;::

612

826

124272241188

1::1829098

1::

1%

2459

1!?20010562

1;;33

12:30929059288

81214

5871:;

59

1%131158210

393

1::

91

3

l%442733371675

32

%1133732

;:24

3’

1:?134;;

4

38211

28;8232

:;8459

1:;

45

Table 14. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of general optometric assistantsthey used to assist in practice, according to geographic area and selected characteristics of the op-tometrist: United States, 1968—con.


United States------------------------------------

Geographic region

Northeast----------------------------------------------North Central------------------------------------------South--------------------------------------------------West---------------------------------------------------

Geographic division

New England--------------------------------------------Middle Atlantic----------------------------------------East North Central-------------------------------------West North Central-------------------------------------South Atlantic-----------------------------------------East South Central-------------------------------------West South Cmtral -------------------------------------Mountain-----------------------------------------------Pacific------------------------------------------------



I-----------------------------------------------11----------------------------------------------111---------------------------------------------Iv----------------------------------------------v-----------------------------------------------VI----------------------------------------------VII---------------------------------------------VIII--------------------------------------------Ix ------------------------ --------- -------- -----x ------- ------- “------- ------- ------------ ------

Age of optometrist

Under 25 years-----------------------------------------25-34 years--------------------------------------------35-44 years--------------------------------------------45-54 years--------------------------------------------55-64 years--------------------------------------------65-74 years --------------------------------------------75 years and over--------------------------------------

Sex of optometrist

Male---------------------------------------------------Female-------------------------------------------------


No States----------------------------------------------1 State------------------------------------------------2 States-----------------------------------------------3 States or more---------------------------------------



Totaloptometrists

Number of general optometricassistants

None I 1 I 2 I 3 or

more

100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0


76.9

85.475.672.772.6

87.984.576.673.474.874.068.9;;.:

.

87.984.781.873.376.669.371.874.472.272.9

65.269.671.878.084.586.587.7

76.879.7

83.278.C73.573.5

84.679.777.474.575.571.t

16.5

10.817.119.119.7

10.111.116.618.618.716.721.018.720.0

10.111.112.719.116.520.820.016.220.419.2

20.820.919.915.712.09.99,2

16.513.8

16.815.818.916.9

11.715.E16.617.217.118.;

4.5

::!

::;

1.8

;::

5:15.3

:::5.0

1.82.6

;:!?4.4

;::6.5

:::

8.7

::;4.42.32.41.9

4.53.7

4.;5.26.4

2.7

::?

i::6.4

2.2

1.22.6

::2

0.21.52.52.71.44.12.72:22.6

0.21.61.82.22.52.62.82.82:33.3

5.23.22.62.0

;::1.1

.2.02.43.2

1.1

N$.;

. I

I

.46

Table 15. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of general optometric assistantsthey used to assist in practice,according to selected professional characteristicsofthe optometrist:United States, 1968


United States--------------------------------------


Self employed:Solo practice------------------------------------------Partnership--------------------------------------------Group practice-----------------------------------------

Employed by:Optometrists-------------------------------------------Ophthalmologists or other physicians-------------------Profit-making firms------------------------------------Nonprofit organizations (including government)---------

Other----------------------------------------------------


1 office-------------------------------------------------2 offices------------------------------------------------3 offices or more----------------------------------------


Less than 25 visits--------------------------------------25-49 visits---------------------------------------------50-74 visits----------------------------------------------75-99 visits---------------------------------------------100 visits or more---------------------------------------


Less than 25 patients------------------------------------25-49 patients-------------------------------------------50-74 patients-------------------------------------------75-99 patients-------------------------------------------100 patients or more-------------------------------------

Number of supplementary helpers of all types

None-----------------------------------------------------1 assistant----------------------------------------------2 assistants---------------------------------------------3 assistants or more-------------------------------------


1-3 semices ---------------------------------------------4-6 sewices ---------------------------------------------7-9 seNices ---------------------------------------------10 services or more--------------------------------------


Refractions----------------------------------------------Visual field examination---------------------------------Tonometry------------------------------------------------Aniseikonic testing--------------------------------------Biomicroscopy--------------------------------------------Ophthalmoscopy-------------------------------------------Contact lens fitting-------------------------------------Visual training (orthoptics)-----------------------------Developmental vision--------------------------------------Prescribing low vision aids------------------------------Visual readiness for reading-----------------------------Dispensing and adjusting eyeware-------------------------Frame repairs--------------------------------------------Fabrication of eyeware-----------------------------------Other----------------------------------------------------

Totaloptometrists

Number of generaloptometric assistants

None I 1 I 2 3 ormore

18.299

13,5102,178530

951171636183140

1;,08:

’41O

1,5783,7624,9892,7505,221

4,0866,8863,7191,7261,881

3,9606,6553,8833,801

18,23813,78012,0981,5285,90716,92814,5219,1285,2257,4504,73517,12215,5326,610718

Number

14.07C

10,73:1,467325

68013E481140104

11,6592,131280

1,4123,1843,9022,0453,527

3,5125,4482,7091,2331,168

3,9605>5042,5222,084

7933,5355,8503,892

14,02010,2688,7231,0623,83912,85310,766;,;;;

5;3173,19913,07011,7774>947454

3,011

2,171437106

152

%2324

2,54841349

126463803507

1,111

4541,082719326429

1,151951909

3;?1,1221,479

3,0052,5442,440327

1,4642,9082,6761,8531,2181,5421,0882,9022,6931,175176

826

47716654

63

4;108

63516229

3284201146363

2%197115162

41;415

1%254440

821684659

4;;79673651235840132778774032953

393

12710746

577

?:4

24110052

9

::

2;;

299594

1%

39;

19

1:;169

3922832754117737134219813219012136232315936

47

Table 15. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of general optometric assistantsthey used to assist in practice,accordingto selected professional characteristicsof the optometrist:Uni~ed States, 1968—Con.


United States--------------------------------------


Self employed:Solo practice----------------------------------------J-Partnership--------------------------------------------Group practice-----------------------------------------

Employed by:Optometrists-------------------------------------------Ophthalmologistsor other physicians-------------------Profit-making firms------------------------------------Nonprofit organizations (includinggovernment)---------

Other----------------------------------------------------

Ntnnberof office locations

1 office-------------------------------------------------2 offices------------------------------------------------3 offices or more----------------------------------------


Less than 25 visits--------------------------------------25-49 visits---------------------------------------------50-74 visits---------------------------------------------75-99 visits---------------------------------------------100 visits or more---------------------------------------


Less than 25 patients------------------------------------25-49 patients-------------------------------------------50-74 patients-------------------------------------------75-99 patients-------------------------------------------100 patients or more-------------------------------------


None-----------------------------------------------------1 assistant----------------------------------------------2 assistants---------------------------------------------3 assistants or more-------------------------------------

Number of optometric seivices rendered

1-3 senices ---------------------------------------------4-6 semices ---------------------------------------------7-9 senices ---------------------------------------------10 services or more--------------------------------------


Refractions----------------------------------------------\’LSUal field exmination ---------------------------------Tonometry------------------------------------------------Aniseikonic testing--------------------------------------Biomicroscopy--------------------------------------------Ophthatioscopy-------------------------------------------Contact lens fitting-------------------------------------Visual training (orthoptics)-----------------------------Developmental vision-------------------------------------Prescribing low vision aids------------------------------Visual readiness for reading-----------------------------Dispensing and adjusting eyeware-------------------------Frame repairs--------------------------------------------Fabrication of eyeware-----------------------------------Other----------------------------------------------------

II


100.0

100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

]00.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

76.9

79.567.461.3

71.580.775.676.574.3

77.375.968.4

89.584.678.274.467.6

86.079.172.871.462.1

100.082.764.954.8

88.186.779.765.1

76.974.572.169.565.075.974.171.967.371.467.676.375.874.963.1

16.5

16.120.120.0

16.014.811.412.617.2

16.914.712.0

1::!16.118.521.3

11.115.719.318.922.8

17.;24.523.9

6.5

1:::24.7

16.518.520.221.424.817.218.420.323.320.723.017.017.317.824.5

4.5

2210.1

M7.55.55.4

4.2

R

2.0

:::

;:;

2.23.8

2:;8.6

10.;10.9

3.32.5

;::

4.5

R6.4

;:;5.15.6

H

:::4.8

H

2.2

::;8.7

6.03.95.55.43.1

1.6

12:;

0.60.81.7

;:;

0.71.42.53.06.5

10.4

::;

;::

2.2

:::2.7

;::2.42.22.52.62.62.12.12.45.0

48

Table 16. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number ofoptometric technicians they usedto assist in practice, according to State: United States, 1968

State

United States------------------------------------------

Alabama------------------------------------------------------Alaska-------------------------------------------------------Arizona------------------------------------------------------Arkansas-----------------------------------------------------California---------------------------------------------------Colorado-----------------------------------------------------Connecticut--------------------------------------------------Delaware-----------------------------------------------------District of Columbia-----------------------------------------Florida------------------------------------------------------

~:fp ------------------------------------------------------------- ------- ---------- -------------------- -----------

Idaho--------------------------------------------------------Illinois-----------------------------------------------------Indiana------------------------------------------------------Iowa---------------------------------------------------------Kansas-------------------------------------------------------Kentucky-----------------------------------------------------Louisiana----------------------------------------------------Maine--------------------------------------------------------

Maqland -----------------------------------------------------Massachusetts------------------------------------------------Michigan-----------------------------------------------------Minnesota----------------------------------------------------Mississippi--------------------------------------------------Missouri-----------------------------------------------------Montana------------------------------------------------------Nebraska-----------------------------------------------------Nevada-------------------------------------------------------New Hampshire------------------------------------------------

New Jersey ---------------------------------------------------New Mexic0---------------------------------------------------New York-----------------------------------------------------North Carolina-----------------------------------------------~h:;h Dakota-------------------------------------------------

......-.-------------------------------------------------Oklahoma-----------------------------------------------------Oregon-------------------------------------------------------Pennsylvania-------------------------------------------------Rhode Island-------------------------------------------------

South Carolina-----------------------------------------------South Dakota-------------------------------------------------Tennessee----------------------------------------------------Texas--------------------------------------------------------Utah---------------------------------------------------------Vemont ------------------------------------------------------Virginia-----------------------------------------------------Washington---------------------------------------------------West Virginia------------------------------------------------Wisconsin----------------------------------------------------Wyoming------------------------------------------------------

Totaloptometrists

Number of optometrictechnicians

I I INone 1 I 2 I 3 or

moreII 1 1 1

Number

18,299

180

Ii;151

2,22218625835

4;;

1,602503336229229222116

1747147083531204:;

1553670

674

1,5:+320

9;$245265

1,133132

15594292740743827235614742841

17,649

17117

122150

2,144181253

:2467

2536183

1,540483320218226213113

162702678348116420

1::

69

6::

1,518308

9::238254

1,099130

150

2%682703726234114441540

485

6

i

5:42

i23

7

;3915138372

111121

21012

?“

;5012

17710202

5

H11

1!

1:1

104

49

Table 1.6. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number ofoptometric technicians they usedto assist in practice, according to State: United States, 1968-Con.

State

United States------------------------------------------

Alabama----------------------.---------------.---------------Alaska-------------------------------------------------------Arizona-------------------.-------------------.----.----------Arkansas-----------------------------------------------------California---------------------------------------------------Colorado-----------------------------------------------------Connecticut--------------------------------------------------Delaware-----------------------------------------------------District of Columbia-----------------------------------------Florida----------------------------.-------------------------

Georgia------------------------------------------------------~h:i ------- ------- -------------- --------------- ------- -----

------- ------- -------- -------------- -------------- ------Illinois-----------------------------------------------------Indiana------------------------------------------------------Iowa---------------------------------------------------------Kansas--------------------------------------------------------Kentucky-----------------------------------------------------Louisiana----------------------------------------------------Maine--------------------------------------------------------

Maryland-.-.-.----.---.----.------------.---.---------..-----Massachusetts------------------------------------------------Michigan------------------------------------------------.-.--Minnesota----------------------------------------------------Mississippi----------------------------p-------------.--.-.---.—Missouri-----------------------------------------------------Montana------------------------------------------------------Nebraska-----------------------------------------------------Nevada-------------------------------------------------------New Hampshire------------------------------------------------

New Jersey -------- --------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ---New Mexico---------------------------------------------------New York-----------------------------------------------------North Carolina-----------------------------------------------North Dakota-------------------------------------------------Ohio---------------------------------.-=----------------------Oklahoma-----------------------------------------------------Oregon-------------------------------------------------------Pennsylvania-------------------------------------------------Rhode Island-------------------------------------------------

South Carolina-------------------------------------------------South Dakota----------------........--------........--------.Tennessee----------------------------------------------------Texae--------------------------------------------------------Utah---------------------------------------------------------L'emont------------------------------------------------------Virginia-----------------------------------------------------Washington---------------------------------------------------West Virginia------------------------------------------------Wisconsin----------------------------------------------------Wyoming------------------------------------------------------

IINumber of optometric

techniciansTotal

.=:ometrists

None 1 2 3 ormore

ont


100”01+100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

95.0100.096.599.396.597.798.4

100.091.594.8

96.895.196.196.295.995.295.498.696.098.2

93.198.395.798.596.597.598.898.01::.;

.

98.594.295.796.398.497.596.996.096.998.3

100.0 96.6100.0 1;:.:100.0100.0 92:2100.0 93.7100.O 97.1100.0 96.4100.0 95.8100.0 97.8100.0 97.0100.0 97.2

2.7—

3.1.

k;2.62.30.8

::;

2.8

2.;2.53.03.93.71.43.01.8

6.31.52.90.9

H

;::

1.;

:::3.23.7

1.93.1

t;1.7

3.5

4.;5.3

M2.8

M

:::

0.6=

0.;

0.;

0.;

o.i

0.4

;::0.2

0.;

1.0

0.6

%$0.3

0.31.50.7

1.60.6

;::

-

0.;

N

0.;0.30.70.5

50.

Table 17. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number ofoptometric technicians they usedto assist in practice, according to geographic areaUnited States, 1968

and selected characteristics of the optometrist:


United States------------------------------------------

Geographic region

Northeast----------------------------------------------------North Central------------------------------------------------Suuth--------------------------------------------------------wQst..---------:---------------------------------------------

Geographic division

New England--------------------------------------------------Middle Atlantic----------------------------------------------East North Central-------------------------------------------Wust North Central-------------------------------------------South Atlantic-----------------------------------------------East South Central-------------------------------------------West South Central-------------------------------------------Mountain-----------------------------------------------------Pacific------------------------------------------------------



I---- -------------------------------------------------

II----------------------------------------------------III---------------------------------------------------Iv----------------------------------------------------v-----------------------------------------------------vI----------------------------------------------------vII---------------------------------------------------VIII--------------------------------------------------Ix----------------------------------------------------x-----------------------------------------------------

Age of optometrist

Under 25 years-----------------------------------------------25-34 years--------------------------------------------------35-44 years--------------------------------------------------45-54 years--------------------------------------------------55-64 years--------------------------------------------------65-74 years--------------------------------------------------75 years and over--------------------------------------------

Sex of optometrist

Male---------------------------------------------------------Female-------------------------------------------------------


No States----------------------------------------------------1 State------------------------------------------------------2 States-----------------------------------------------------3 States or more---------------------------------------------


1-34 hours---------------------------------------------------35-39 hours--------------------------------------------------40 hours -----------------------------------------------------41-44 hours--------------------------------------------------45-48 hours--------------------------------------------------49 hours or more---------------------------------------------

Totaloptometrists


18,299

4,7215,8384,1073,633

1,3273,3944,1681,6701,929820

1.358“709

2,924

1,3272,2611,8342,0494,5211,4291,151556

2,448725

2,0%5/;;

2;6011,205396

17,912387

2013,9203,3551,005

2,1532,8974,2182,3303,4313,269

Number

17,649

4,5855,6423,9183,503

1,3043,2814,0191,6231,847789

1,283686

2,817

1,3042,1821,7681,9674,3671,3491,110544

2,363696

1,9:;5,2156,3892,5021,163388

17,274375

1613,4543,209970

2,1022,8194,0802,2403,2893,118

485

1%15496

+;102

?:26551581

19

z

J:5833

6?25

12:17575323

4769

34i10827

;:9967

1;:

104

27282623

2:25

:

li

Ii

1:14

22191

J3

1;

:;l?

3

1031

370274

8521173023

62

1230

1?

E8

:3

1;

i6

2:

2

161

;12261141

602

4;113

7

1:71414

51

Table 17. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number ofoptmmetric technicians they usedto assist in practice, according to geographic area and selected characteristicsof the optometrist:United States, 1968—Con.


United States------------------------------------------

Geographic region

Northeast----------------------------------------------------North Central------------------------------------------------South--------------------------------------------------------West---------------------------------------------------------

Geographic division

New Englad --------------------------------------------------Middle Atlantic----------------------------------------------East North Central-------------------------------------------West North Central-------------------------------------------South Atlantic-----------------------------------------------East South Central-------------------------------------------West South Central-------------------------------------------Momtain -----------------------------------------------------Pacific------------------------------------------------------



I---------------------“-------------------------------II----------------------------------------------------III---------------------------------------------------Iv----------------------------------------------------V---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

;;I---------------------------------------------------VIII--------------------------------------------------IX----------------------------------------------------x-------------------.---------------------------------

Age of.optometrist


Sex of optometrist

Male----------------------------------------------------------Female-------------------------------------------------------


No States----------------------------------------------------1 StEte------------------------------------------------------2 States-----------------------------------------------------3 States or more---------------------------------------------


1-34 hours---------------------------------------------------35-39 hours--------------------------------------------------40 hours-----------------------------------------------------41-44 hours--------------------------------------------------45-48 hours--------------------------------------------------49 hours or more---------------------------------------------

II Nmnber of optometrictechnicians


100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.O100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

96.5

97.196.695.496.4

98.396.796.497.295.796.294.596.796.4

98.396.596.496.096.694.496.597.896.596.0

100.096.496.696.396.296.598.0

96.496.9

83.196.795.796.5

97.697.396.796.195.995.4

2.7

2.02.4

N

;::2.52.23.8

M2,22.8

;::2.53.6

;:;2.91.42.53.4

2.i

;:;2.9

;:;

2.72.3

2.;3.22.7

1.72.4

N2.93.5

0.6

0.6

%20.6

0.2

M0.20.40.11.31.00.6

0.20.6

n0.6

::?

M!0.5

0.;0.50.60.5

::;

0.60.3

16.9

%;0.4

0.4

:::

~:;.

0.3

0.30.50.20.3

0.;0.5

H

::20.20.3

0.;0.30.20.5

M

O.i0.2

0.;

%:0.40.40,3

M

0.3

:::

::?0.40.30.40.4

52

Table 18. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number ofoptometric technicians they usedto assist in practice, according to selected professionalUnited States, 1968

characteristics of the optometrist:


United States--------------------------------------------


Self employed:Solo practice------------------------------------------------Partnership--------------------------------------------------Group practice----------------------------------.------------

Employed by:Optometrists-------------------------------------------------Ophthalmologistsor other physicians-------------------------Profit-making firms------------------------------------------Nonprofit organizations (includinggovernment)---------------

Other----------------------------------------------------------


1 oifice------------------......-----------------------.-------2 offices----------------------------------------------.-------3 offices or more----------------------------------------------


Less than 25 visits--------------------------------------------25-49 visits---------------------------------------------------50-74 visits---------------------------------------------------75-99 visits---------------------------------------------------100 visits or more---------------------------------------------


Less than 25 patients------------------------------------------25-49 patients-------------------------------------------------50-74 patients-------------------------------------------------75-99 patients-------------------------------------------------100 patients or more-------------------------------------------


None-----------------------------------------------------------2.assistant----------------------------------------------------2 assistants---------------------------------------------------3 assistants or more-------------------------------------------


1-3 services---------------------------------------------------4-6 services---------------------------------------------------7-9 senices ---------------------------------------------------10 services or more--------------------------------------------

TvDe of optometric service

Refractions----------------------------------------------------Visual field examination---------------------------------------Tonometry------------------------------------------------------Anfseikonic testing--------------------------------------------Biomfcroscopy--------------------------------------------------Ophthalmoscopy-------------------------------------------------Contact lens fitting-------------------------------------------Visual training (orthoptics)-----------------------------------Developmentalvision-------------------------------------------Prescribing low vision aids------------------------------------Visual readiness for reading-----------------------------------Dispensing and adjusting eyeware-------------------------------Frame repairs--------------------------------------------------Fabrication of eyeware-----------------------------------------Other----------------------------------------------------------

Number

18,29$

13,51C2>17$53(

95117163618314C

15,0822,80641C

1>5783,7624,9892,7505,221

4,0866,8863,7191,7261,881

3,9606,6553,8833,801

9004,0757,3445,980

18,23813,78012,0981,5285,907

16,92814,5219,1285,2257,4504,73517,12215,5326,610-718

17,649

13,2511,990472

881155;5;

132

14,5832,675391

1,5453,6924,8492,6504,913

4,0226,6923,5681,6321,734

;,;%;

3:7453,310

8783,9447,1405,688

L7,588L3,27711,6291,4385,608L6,322L3,9738,7855,0097,1274,518L6,521L4,9886,319678

485

22513136

431323

;

385928

23.53113

2;;

47156109

L;!

-

1;$330

12

L%233

L8538636175?42155io9~72L7025(3L69kslill~zz25

104 62

1318

8

10

:61

421010

449

3;

1:13

2;

6i

1;2618

z33

817

2$25

H2253

:;1

53

Table 18. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of optometric technicians they usedto assist in practice, according to selected professional characteristics of the optometrist:United States, 1968—Con.

. . . .


United States--------------------------------------------


Self employed:Solo practice------------------------------------------------Partnership--------------------------------------------------Group practice-----------------------------------------------

Employed by:Optometrists-------------------------------------------------Ophthalmologistsor other physicians-------------------------Profit-making firms------------------------------------------Nonprofit organizations (including government)---------------

Other----------------------------------------------------------


1 office-------------------------------------------------------2 offices------------------------------------------------------3 offices or more----------------------------------------------


Less than 25 visits--------------------------------------------25-49 visits---------------------------------------------------50-74 visits---------------------------------------------------75-99 visits---------------------------------------------------100 visits or more---------------------------------------------


Less than 25 patients------------------------------------------25-49 patients-------------------------------------------------50-74 patients-------------------------------------------------75-99 patients-------------------------------------------------100 patients or more-------------------------------------------


None-----------------------------------------------------------1 assistant----------------------------------------------------2 assistants---------------------------------------------------3 assistants or more-------------------------------------------


1-3 senices ---------------------------------------------------4-6 senices ---------------------------------------------------7-9 senices ---------------------------------------------------10 services or more--------------------------------------------


Refractions----------------------------------------------------Visual field examination---------------------------------------Tonmetry ------------------------------------------------------Aniseikonic testing--------------------------------------------Bimicroscopy --------------------------------------------------Ophthalmoscopy-------------------------------------------------Contact lens fitting-------------------------------------------Visual training (orthoptics)-----------------------------------Developmental vision-------------------------------------------Prescribing low vision aids------------------------------------Visual readiness for reading-----------------------------------Dispensing and adjusting eyeware-------------------------------Frame repairs--------------------------------------------------Fabrication of eyeware-----------------------------------------Other----------------------------------------------------------

Totaloptometrists


I

None 1 2 3 ormore

I I IPercent distribution

100.0

100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

96.5

98.191.489.0

92.691.094.291.794.5

96.795.395.4

97.998.197.296.494.1

98.497.295.994.592.2

100.099.796.587.1

97.596.897.295.1

96.496.496.194.194.996.496.296.295.995.795.496.596.595.694.4

2.7

:::6.8

4.57.73.7

::;

2.6

::2

1.5

;::

::;

1,22.3

::?5.4

0.;3.4B.7

1.32.32,03.9

2.7

$:

::!!2.72.8

::!3.43.6

;:;3.43.5

0.6

0.21.82.7

A::1.41.2

0.5

::!/

0.40.40,40.70.9

0.30.40.80.91.3

0.i2.6

0.50.70.40.7

0.60.50.60.50.70.60.60.50.60.70.60.60.50.62.0

0.3

0.10.81.5

:::0.7

;::

0.30.42.5

i ?0.20.20.7

i ;0.40.51.1

1.6

0.60.30.40.3

0.30.30.30.50.3

$:0.30:30.30.50.3

:::0.2

Table 19. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of dispensing opticians they usedto assist in practice, according to State: United States, 1968

State

United States------------------------------------------

::::;y --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------- -------

Arizona------------------------------------------------------Arkansas-----------------------------------------------------California---------------------------------------------------Colorado-----------------------------------------------------Connecticut--------------------------------------------------Delaware-----------------------------------------------------~$~)~t of Columbia-----------------------------------------

-----------------..-------------..----------------------

Georgia------------------------------------------------------Hawaii-------------------------------------------------------Idaho--------------------------------------------------------:::~n:s -----------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------Iowa---------------------------------------------------------Kansas-------------------------------------------------------Kentucky-----------------------------------------------------Louisiana----------------------------------------------------Maine.......-------------------------------------------------

Maqland -----------------------------------------------------Massachusetts------------------------------------------------Michigan-----------------------------------------------------Minnesota----------------------------------------------------Mississippi--------------------------------------------------Missouri-----------------------------------------------------Montana------------------------------------------------------Nebraska-----------------------------------------------------Nevada........------------------------------------------------New Hmpshire ------------------------------------------------

New Jersey ---------------------------------------------------NewMexico ----------------------------------------------------New York-----------------------------------------------------North Carolina-----------------------------------------------North Dakota-------------------------------------------------Ohio........-........----------------------------------------Oklahoma-----------------------------------------------------Oregon.......------------------------------------------------Pennsylvania-------------------------------------------------Rhode Island------------------------------...................-

South Carolina-----------------------------------------------South Dakota-------------------------------------------------Tennessee----------------------------------------------------Texas--------------------------------------------------------Utah---------------------------------------------------------Vemont ------------------------------------------------------Virginia-----------------------------------------------------Washington---------------------------------------------------West Virginia-------------------------------------------------Wisconsin----------------------------------------------------~ming ------------------------------------------------------

Number of dispensingovticians

18,295

18C17

127151

2,22218625E35

4;;

261

%1,602503336229229222116

174714708353120431

1::3670

674

1,5;+320

9;?245265

1,133132

15594292740743827235614742841

16.068

15716

112143

1,960152244

::428

224

E1,442433300206214190110

123665584291119373

lg

65

6X&

1,252316

8;;243225

1,071124

149

2%51861

2%X&

36935

451

55

Table 19. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of dispensing opticians they usedto assist in practice, according to State: United States, 196&Con.

State

United States------------------------------------------

Alabma ------------------------------------------------------Alaska-------------------------------------------------------Arizona------------------------------------------------------Arkansas-----------------------------------------------------California---------------------------------------------------Colorado-----------------------------------------------------Connecticut--------------------------------------------------Delaware-----------------------------------------------------District of Columbia-----------------------------------------Florida------------------------------------------------------

Georgia------------------------------------------------------Hawaii-------------------------------------------------------Idaho--------------------------------------------------------Illinois-----------------------------------------------------Indiana------------------------------------------------------Iowa.-----------.------------------------------.-------------Kansas-------------------------------------------------------Kentucky-----------------------------------------------------Louisiana----------------------------------------------------Maine--------------------------------------------------------

~qland -----------------------------------------------------&ssachusetts ------------------------------------------------Michigan-----------------------------------------------------Miwesota ----------------------------------------------------Mississippi--------------------------------------------------Missouri-----------------------------------------------------Montana------------------------------------------------------Nebraska-----------------------------------------------------Nevada-------------------------------------------------------New Hampshire------------------------------------------------

New Jersey ---------------------------------------------------New Mexico ---------------------------------------------------New York-----------------------------------------------------North Carolina-----------------------------------------------North Dakota-------------------------------------------------Ohio---------------------------------------------------------Oklahoma---------------------------------------------.-------Oregon-----------------2-------------------------------------Pennsylvania-------------------------------------------------Rhode Island-------------------------------------------------

South Carolina-----------------------------------------------South Dakota-------------------------------------------------Tennef.L&----------------------------------------------------Tex::-----------------------------------------.--------------ut.lFl---------------------------------------------------------V:rmont...---------------------------------------------.-----Virginia-----------------------------------------------------~7ashington---------------------------------------------------West Virginia------------------------------------------------Wisconsin----------------------------------------------------Wyoming------------------------------------------------------

Totaloptometrists


100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

87.8

87.493.888.794.988.282.094.8100.066.186.9

85.598.498.790.086.189.489.893.585.995.4

70.6:;.;

82:499.186.595.183.690.992.4

94.493.178.999.095.287.199.184.894.594.1

95.987..5;9.$

82:5100.093.987.697.186.486.1

7.6

8.26.37.85.2

1!:24.8

18.;11.8

9.61.6

;:;

;:;

::;

;:;

10.6

1::;10.30.9

:::11.0

R

4.1

1;:;0.7

U

R4.2

1::;

1;:;.

4.;9.1

1;:;13.9

2.5

1.3

1.;

1.;

:::

5.;1.3

1.6

;:;2.90.91.9

;:;

8.1

U4.6

2.;

4.i

1.;

1.5

$:;

:::2.8

3.;1.11.7

0.71.10.40.66.4

O.i1.5

1.;

2.1

3.1

1.;

:::

10.;

3.2

;::

;:;

4.;

10.60.52.42.7

2.;

1.Z

1.;

-

4.i

3.;

2.:0.3

1.10.45.9106

0.;1.8

1.0

56

Table 20. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number’of dispensing opticians they usedto assist in practice, according to geographic area and selected characteristics of the optometrist:Unhted States, 1968


United States------------------------------------------

Geographic region

Northeast----------------------------------------------------North Central------------------------------------------------South--------------------------------------------------------west---------------------------------------------------------

Geographic division

New England--------------------------------------------------Middle Atlantic----------------------------------------------East North Central-------------------------------------------West North Central-------------------------------------------south Atlantic-----------------------------------------------East South Central-------------------------------------------Wcs’cSouth Central-------------------------------------------Mountain-----------------------------------------------------Pacific------------------------------------------------------



I -------- ------------- -------- -------- --------- ----------- - --- - ----- ------ -- - --------- ---------------------

:~I-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

v---------------------------,---------------------------vI----------------------------------------------------VII---------------------------------------------------vIII--------------------------------------------------r----------------------------------------------------

i~----------------------------------------------------

Age of optometrist

Under 25 years-----------------------------------------------25-34 years--------------------------------------------------35-44 years--------------------------------------------------45-54 years--------------------------------------------------55-64 years--------------------------------------------------b5-74 years--------------------------------------------------75 years and over--------------------------------------------

Sex of optometrist

Male---------------------------------------------------------Female-------------------------------------------------------

Number of States licensed” in



1-34 hours---------------------------------------------------35-39 hours--------------------------------------------------40 hours-----------------------------------------------------41-44 hours---------------------------------------------------45-48 hOU~S --------------------------------------------------49 hours or more---------------------------------------------

Number of dispensingouticians

18.299

4,7215,8384,1073,633

1,3273,3944,1681,6701,929820

1,358709

2,924

1,3272,2611,8342,0494,5211,4291,151556

2,448725

622,0045,4006,6322,6011,205

396

17,912387

13,9%’3,3551,005

2,1532,8974,2182,3303,4313,269

16.068

4,2055,0863,5743,204

1,2462,9583,6351,4501,721759

1,094628

2,576

1,2461,8881,6751,8763,9261,1591,008484

2,168638

1,6;:4,6925,8712,3031,081373

15,735333

12,2;;2,:;;

2,0152,6673,5961,9962,9532,841

1.389

341476312261

2;:335140139

l;i

2;;

63231

1::372131

;:15859

1824544701837520

.,35436

.,02:27194

1:357205291298

451

3 ormore

391

57

Table 20. Number and percent distribu~ion of optometrists by number of dispensing opticians they usedto assist in practice, according to geographic area and selected characteristics of the optometrist:United States, 1968—Con.


United States------------------------------------------

Geographic region

Northeast----------------------------------------------------North Central------------------------------------------------South--------------------------------------------------------West---------------------------------------------------------

Geographic division

New England--------------------------------------------------Middle Atlantic----------------------------------------------East North Central-------------------------------------------West North Central-------------------------------------------South Atlantic-----------------------------------------------East South Central-------------------------------------------West South Central-------------------------------------------Mowtain -----------------------------------------------------Pacific------------------------------------------------------



I-----------------------------------------------------II----------------------------------------------------III---------------------------------------------------IIJ----------------------------------------------------v-.----------------------- ------------- ------------- --vl----- -----------------------------------------------VII---------------------------------------------------VIII--------------------------------------------------Ix----------------------------------------------------x-----------------------------------------------------

Age of optometrist


Sex of optometrist

Male---------------------------------------------------------Female-------------------------------------------------------




1-34 hours---------------------------------------------------35-39 hours--------------------------------------------------40 hours-----------------------------------------------------41-44 hours--------------------------------------------------45-48 hours--------------------------------------------------49 hours or more---------------------------------------------

Number of dispensingopticians

Total?tometrists

None 1 2 3 ormore


100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

87.8

89.187.187.088.2

93.987.287.286.889.292.680.688.588.1

93.983.591.391.686.981.187.687.188.688.0

84.284.686.988.588.689.794.4

87.986.0

88.588.387.382.3

93.692.185.285.786.186.9

7.6

7.28.27.67.2

4,88.28.1

!?:;5.7

H6.9

1;:;5.26.78.2

;::8.76.58.1

5.2

;::7.17.06.25.0

7.69.2

5.87.48.19.4

4.35.18.5

M9.1

2.5=

2.22.73.01.9

;:;2.6

u0.96.21.71.9

1.03.4

N2.76.o

;::1.82.1

3.62.72.72.23.01.80.3

2.52.9

2.;2.5%.7

1.31.53.12,93.12.3

2.1~

1.62.12.42.8

0.32.12.21.8

M4.01.53.1

0.32.9

k;2.23.81.71.8

?:;

7.0

;::2.2

k:0.3

2.12.0

5.8

::?3.5

0.81,43.2

;::1.7

58

Table 21. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of dispensing opticians they usedto assist in Dractice, according to selected professional characteristics of the optometrist: UnitedStates, 1968 -


United States---------------------------------------


Self employed:SII1Opractice-------------------------------------------PartnersIlip---------------------------------------------Group practice------------------------------------------

Employed by:Optometrists--------------------------------------------Ophthalmologistsor other physicians--------------------Profit-making firms-------------------------------------Nonprofit organizations (including government)----------

Other-----------------------------------------------------


1 Office--------------------------------------------------2 offices-------------------------------------------------3 offices or more-----------------------------------------


Less than 25 visits---------------------------------------25-49 visits---.--------------------------------,----------50-74 visits“---------------------------------------------75-99 visits----------------------------------------------100 visits or more----------------------------------------


Less than 25 patients-------------------------------------25-49 patients--------------------------------------------50-74 patients--------------------------------------------75-99 patients--------------------------------------------LOO patients or more--------------------------------------


None------------------------------------------------------1 assistant-----------------------------------------------2 assistants----------------------------------------------3 assistants or more--------------------------------------


1-3 services------..---.-----------------------------------4-6 semices ----------------------------------------------7-9 services----------------------------------------------10 services or more---------------------------------------


Refractions-----------------------------------------------Visual field examination----------------------------------Tonometry-------------------------------------------------AniseLkonic testing---------------------------------------BLonicroscopy---------------------------------------------Ophthalmoscopy--------------------------------------------Contact lens fitting--------------------------------------Visual training (orthoptics)------------------------------Developmentalvision--------------------------------------Prescribing low vision aids-------------------------------Visual readiness for reading------------------------------Dispensing and adjusting eyeware--------------------------Frame repairs---------------------------------------------Fabrication of eyeware------------------------------------Other-----------------------------------------------------

Totaloptometrists


I I I


18,299

13,51C2,17853C

95117163618:140

15,0832,806

410

1,5783,7624,9892,7505,221

4,0866,8863,7191,7261,881

3,9606,6553,8833,801

9004,075J, 3445,980

18,23813,78012,0981,5285,90716,92814,5219,1285,2257,4504,73517,12215,5326,610

718

Number

16,068

12,7571,741363

578

3;:119101

13,3662,410292

1,5043,.5724,4912,3864,116

3,9236,2703,1441,3691,362

3,9606,5493,4312,128

7313,4316,5505,356

.6,014

.2,355

.0,7261,3605,164.4,872.2,7448,3544,7666>6094,307.5,147.;,;;;

’634

L,389

6112::

190

12;2618

.,11523441

1;;339209659

121441375;:;

10;425858

3;;504472

,386958925125520,284,126551348576310,278,16869055

391

43

H

;;

912714

2538256

1129

:;196

i’:

R120

39i

1:$1;:

389214193

1::35329310554132

3%26315513

59

Table 21. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of dispensing opticians they used ~to assist in nractice. accordinz to selected professional characteristicsof the optometrist: UnitedStates, 1968~Con. “


United States---------------------------------------


Self employed:Solo pzactice-------------------------------------------Partnership---------------------------------------------Group practice------------------------------------------

Employed by:Optometrists--------------------------------------------Ophthalmologistsor other physicians--------------------Profit-making firms-------------------------------------Nonprofit organizations (including government)----------

Other-----------------------------------------------------


1 office--------------------------------------------------2 offices-------------------------------------------------3 offices or more-----------------------------------------


Less than 25 visits---------------------------------------25-49 visits----------------------------------------------50-74 visits----------------------------------------------75-99 visits----------------------------------------------100 visits or more-----------------------------:----------


Less than 25 patients-------------------------------------25-49 patients--------------------------------------------50-74 patients--------------------------------------------75-99 patients--------------------------------------------100 patients or more--------------------------------------

Number of supplementar~helpers of all types



1-3 senices ----------------------------------------------4-6 services----------------------------------------------7-9 semices ----------------------------------------------10 services or more---------------------------------------


Refractions-----------------------------------------------Visual field examinat’ion----------------------------------Tonmetry -------------------------------------------------Aniseikonic testing---------------------------------------Biomicroscopy---------------------------------------------Ophthalmoscopy--------------------------------------------Contact lens fitting--------------------------------------Visual training (orthoptics)------------------------------Developmental vision--------------------------------------Prescribing low vision aids-------------------------------Visual readiness for reading------------------------------Dispensing and adjusting eyeware--------------------------Frame repairs---------------------------------------------Fabrication of eyeware------------------------------------Other-----------------------------------------------------

60

TotalOptometrists




100.0

100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0

87.8

94.480.068.5

60.856.548.964.872.5

88.685.971.3

95.394.990.086.878.8

96.091.184.579.372.4

100.098.488.456.0

81.384.289.289.6

87.889.788.789.087.487.987.891.5::.;

91:088.588.684.888.2

7.6

1::;16.1

19.917.923.014.312.7

;::9.9

3.6

;:;

12:6

:::10.111.113.8

1;:;22.6

:::6.97.9

7.67.0

ii;8.87.6

:::6.7

::;7.5

1;::7.6

~

H7.5

10.710.313.86.04.7

2.32.95.1

0.41.01.9

;::

0.41.72.93.97.4

-

1?::

5.43.92.21.4

2.51.8;.:.

$:;2.51.3

;::1.32,32.2

;::

2.1

0.33.07.8

1!:;:$;

10:2

;:;13.7

0.70.81.33.23.8

‘0.60.8

$;6.4

10.i

“4.93.71.81.1

2.11.61.61.61.72.12.01.2;.:

1:2

::!2.41.9

Table 22. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of contact lens technicians theyused to assist in practice, according to State; United States. 1968

State

United states------------------------------------------

Alabma ------------------------------------------------------Alaska-------------------------------------------------------Arizona------------------------------------------------------Arkansas-----------------------------------------------------California---------------------------------------------------Colorado-----------------------------------------------------Connecticut--------------------------------------------------Delaware-----------------------------------------------------District of Colombia-----------------------------------------Florida------------------------------------------------------

Georgia------------------------------------------------------~;;i -------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------Illinois-----------------------------------------------------Indiana------------------------------------------------------Iowa---------------------------------------------------------Kansas-------------------------------------------------------Kentucky-----------------------------------------------------Louisiana----------------------------------------------------Maine--------------------------------------------------------

Maryland-----------------------------------------------------Massachusetts------------------------------------------------Michigan-----------------------------------------------------Minnesota----------------------------------------------------Mississippi--------------------------------------------------Missouri-----------------------------------------------------Montana------------------------------------------------------Nebraska-----------------------------------------------------Nevada-------------------------------------------------------New H-pshire ------------------------------------------------

New Jersey ---------------------------------------------------New Mexico-------'--------------------------------------------New York-----------------------------------------------------North Carolina-----------------------------------------------North Dakota-------------------------------------------------Ohio---------------------------------------------------------Oklahoma-----------------------------------------------------Orega -------------------------------------------------------Pennsylvania-------------------------------------------------Rhode Island-------------------------------------------------

South Carolina-------+..---------------------------------------South Dakota-------------------------------------------------Tennessee----------------------------------------------------Texas--------------------------------------------------------Utah---------------------------------------------------------ve~o~t.-----------------------------------------&-----------Virginia -----------------------------------------------------Washington---------------------------------------------------West Virginia------------------------------------------------Wisconsin----------------------------------------------------Wyoming------------------------------------------------------

11

II Number of contact lenstechnicians

Number

18.299

180

1;;151

2,222186258

;:493

261

%1,602503336229229222116

17471470835312043189155

%

674

1,5;+32072927245265

1,133132

155

2;;74074

2;;35614742841

17,784

1741712515C

2,15117$258

:2481

25863

1,5X481319224228216116

168710692335120418

1:?3470

66571

1>546319

8;;241262

1,104130

151

2%68171

2%34514641941

418 6:

61

Table 22. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number or contact lens technicians theyused to assist in practice. accordinz to State: United States, 1968—con.

State

United States------------------------------------------

Alabma ------------------------------------------------------Alaska-------------------------------------------------------Arizona------------------------------------------------------Arkansas-----------------------------------------------------California---------------------------------------------------Colorado-----------------------------------------------------Connecticut--------------------------------------------------Delaware-----------------------------------------------------District of Columbia-----------------------------------------Florida-----------------------------.------------------------

Georgia------------------------------------------------------Hawaii-------------------------------------------------------Idaho--------------------------------------------------------Illinois-----------------------------------------------------Indiana------------------------------------------------------Iowa-------.-------------------------------------------------Kansas.------------------------------------------------------Kentucky-----------------------------------------------------Louisiana----------------------------------------------------Maine--------------------------------------------------------

Maryland-----------------------------------------------------Massachusetts------------------------------------------------Michigan-----------------------------------------------------Minnesota----------------------------------------------------Mississippi--------------------------------------------------Missouri-----------------------------------------------------Montana------------------------------------------------------Nebraska-----------------------------------------------------Nevada-------------------------------------------------------New Hmpshire ------------------------------------------------

New Jersey --------------------------- ------------------------

New Mexico---------------------------------------------------New York-----------------------------------------------------North Carolina-----------------------------------------------North Dakota-------------------------------------------------Ohio---------------------------------------------------------Oklahoma-----------------------------------------------------Oregon-------------------------------------------------------Pennsylvania-------------------------------------------------Rhode Island-------------------------------------------------

South Carolina-----------------------------------------------South Dakota-------------------------------------------------Tennessee----------------------------------------------------Texas--------------------------------------------------------utah---------------------------------------------------------Vermont------------------------------------------------------Virginia-----------------------------------------------------Washington---------------------------------------------------West Virginia------------------------------------------------Wiscmsin ----------------------------------------------------Wyming ------------------------------------------------------

Number of contact lenstechnicians


100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100:0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

97.2

96.9100.099.199.396.896.5100.0100.094.997.6

98.898.4100.095.695.594.997.799.597.5100.0

96.3;;.:

94:9100.097.0100.097.393.9100.0

98.7100.097.499.7

100.096.998.398.897.498.3

97.297.797.192.195.2100.097.696,799.398.0100.0

2.3

2.5

0,?2.82.9

5.;1.1

1.21.6

3.3

::;

;::2.0

::;

::;

1.;

2.;6.1

1.2

2.20.3

2.;

::;2.11.7

2,8

H7.21.6

2.62.40.71.5

0.3

0.6

0.;0.6

0.;

.

0.;0.6

::;

0.;

0.60.2

0.;

1,6

0.;

0.2.-0.1

0.;0.4

0.4

0.;1.6

0.;0.9

0.;

0.2

0,;

0.;

1.;

0.;0.60.3

0.;

0,;

.

0.2

0.1

O.z0.1

;:;

1.;

0.;

62

Table 23. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of contact lens technicians theyused to assist in practice, according to geographic area and selected characteristicsof the optome-trist: United States, 1968


United States-------------------------------------------

Geographic region

Northeast-----------------------------------------------------l$o~~ Central-------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------.---West----------------------------------------------------------

Geographic division

New England---------------------------------------------------Middle Atlantic-----------------------------------------------East North Central--------------------------------------------West North Central--------------------------------------------South Atlantic----y-------------------------------------------East South Central...--------.-&------------------------------West South Central--------------------------------------------Mountain----------y-------------------------------------------Pacific-----------i-------------------------------------------



-------- ---------------- -------- ------------ --------- -;I-----------------------------------------------------III----------------------------------------------------IV-------....ti-----------------------------------------v--------..l..-..--------------------------------------VI---------A-------------------------------------------VII----------------------------------------------------VIII---------------------------------------------------IX-------------J---------------------------------------X------------------------------------------------------

Age of optometrist

Under 25 years------------------------------------------------25-34 years----------------------<----------------------------35-44 years---------------------------------------------------45-54 years---------------------------------------------------55-64 yeara---------------------------------------------------65-74 years---------------------------------------------------75 years and over----;----------------------------------------

,,I Sex of optometrist

Male----------------------------------------------------------Femle --------------------------------------------------------


y~~:s --------------------------------------------------------------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- . ------

2 States------------------------------------------------------3 States or more----------------------------------------------


1-34 hours----------------------------------------------------35-39 hours---------------------------------------------------40 hours------------------------------------------------------41-44 hours---------------------------------------------------45-48 hours---------------------------------------------------49 hours or more----------------------------------------------

I I

Number

18,299

4,7215,8384,1073,633

1,3273,3944,1681,6701,929820

1,358709

2,924

1,3272,2611,8342,0494,5211,4291,;::

2,448725

2,0::5,4006,6322,6011,205396

17,912387

13,9;:3,3551,005

2,1532,8974,2182,330:,:;;s

17,784

4,6355,6313,9843,533

1,3203,3154,0211,6101,:;;

1,288696

2,838

1,3202,2111,7872,0144,3561,3591,111544

2,374710

1,9:;5,246;,;;:

1;174389

17,415369

L3,5;?3,260961

2,1112,854;,;;:

3;3093,156

418

J:10482

5

1!

29

&

7:

$

261306229

6;11

5:13115150234

40413

31:

x

313998639988

63

Table 23. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of contact lens technicians they iused to assist in practice, according to geographic area and selected characteristicsof the Optome-trist: United States, 1968—Con.


United States------------------------------------------

Geographic region

Northeast----------------------------------------------------North Central------------------------------------------------south--------------------------------------------------------West---------------------------------------------------------

Geographic division

New England--------------------------------------------------Middle Atlantic----------------------------------------------East North Central-------------------------------------------West North Central-------------------------------------------South Atlantic-----------------------------------------------East South Central-------------------------------------------West South Central-------------------------------------------Mountain-----------------------------------------------------Pacific------------------------------------------------------



I-----------------------------------------------------II----------------------------------------------------III---------------------------------------------------IV----------------------------------------------------V---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

;:I---------------------------------------------------VIII--------------------------------------------------IX----------------------------------------------------X-----------------------------------------------------

Age of optometrist


Sex of optometrist

Male---------------------------------------------------------FemalF -------------------------------------------------------

Number of States licensed in.

No States-----------------------------------------------------1 state------------------------------------------------------~ ~t~re~-.-s-------..---.----.--=--.-------.---=-------------3 States w- more-------------- .-----------------------------

Hours per we;% .,1~y : .ked

1-34 hours---------------------------------------------------35-39 hours--------------------------------------------------40 hours------------------------------------------------------41-44 hours--------------------------------------------------45-48 hours--------------------------------------------------49 hours or more---------------------------------------------

Number of contact lenstechnicians

Totaloptometrists

m


100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

97.2

98.296.597.097.3

99.597.796.596.498.098.294.998.197.1

99.597.8;2.;

96:395.196.597.897.097.9

93.096.497.297.297.797.498.3

97.295.4

94.697.397.295.6

98.198.597.196.896.496.5

2.3

1.52.72.52.3

0.42.02.8

::;

;:21.22.5

0.41.92.11.3

;:;2.51.42.71.5

5.22.82.42.31.9

;:?

2.33.5

5.42.32.03.5

1.41.42.3

;:;2.7

0.3

0.20.50.30.3

0.10.2

:::

8:;0.60.30.3

0.10.20.40.1

H0.70.40.20.5

.

;::0.40.30.40.6

0.30.6

0.;0.40.3

0.30.00.30.4

H

0.2

0.10.30.20.2

o.i0.30.30.30.3

8::

.0.20.10.40.3

0.30.40.20.2

:::

::$

::;.

0.20.6

o,i0.40.5

0,2

%$0.10.20.3

64

Table 24. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of contact lens technicians theyused to assist in practice? according to selected professional characteristicsof the optometrist:United States, 1968


United States---------------------------------------


Self employed:solo practice-------------------------------------------Partnership---------------------------------------------Group practice------------------------------------------

Employed by:Optometrists--------------------------------------------ophthalmologistsor other physicians--------------------profit-making firms-------------------------------------Nonprofit organizations (includinggovernment)----------

Other-----------------------------------------------------




Less than 25 visits---------------------------------------25-49 visits----------------------------------------------50-74 visits----------------------------------------------75-99 visits----------------------------------------------100 visits or more----------------------------------------




None.-.--.------------------------------------------------1 assistant-----------------------------------------------2 assistants----------------------------------------------3 assistants or more--------------------------------------

Number of optometric services

1-3 services----------------------------------------------4-6 semices ----------------------------------------------7-9 senices ----------------------------------------------10 services or more---------------------------------------


Refractions-----------------------------------------------Visual field examination----------------------------------Tonometry-------------------------------------------------Aniseikonic testing---------------------------------------Biomicroscopy---------------------------------------------ophthahoscopy --------------------------------------------Contact lens fitting--------------------------------------Visual training (orthoptics)------------------------------Developmentalvision--------------------------------------Prescribing low vision aids-------------------------------Visual readiness for reading------------------------------Dispensing and adjusting eyeware--------------------------Frame repairs---------------------------------------------Fabrication of eyeware-------’----------------------------Other-----------------------------------------------------

II I I I

Number

18,299

13,5102,178530

951171636183140

15,0832,806410

1,5783,7624,9892,7505,221

4,0866,8863,7191,7261,881

3,9606,6553,8833,801

9004,0757,3445,980

18,23813,78012,0981,5285,90716,92814,5219,1285,2257,4504,73517,12215,5326,610718

17,784

13,3422,082473

864149566175132

14,6952,711378

1,5553,7114,8812,6784,958

4,0406,7623,6011,6511,730

3,9606,6483,8293,347

8573,9317,1765,821

.7,731

.3,442S,7761,4625,681:6,462.4,0568,9305,1167,2414,635L6,700L5,1616,414680

418

146

:!

76215358

3227520

183987

2:;

3610392

lx

i

3%

1?:145128

414285264

1:?377370170

1%

3;230715829

61

132010

6

1:1

42136

2711

32

5

H

2:

6;

1;1621

58

:;8

;+59211123

::38227

37

977

6

;2

2477

36

10

1:

4

1?29

3;

1:

1;

351918

1232356

1:

3;25153

65

Table 24. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of contact lens technicians theyused to assist in Dractice. according to selected Professional characteristicsof the optometrist:United States, 196&Con. ‘


United States---------------------------------------


Self employed:Solo practice-------------------------------------------Partnership---------------------------------------------Group practice------------------------------------------

Employed by:Optometrists--------------------------------------------Ophthalmologistsor other physicians--------------------Profit-making firms-------------------------------------Nonprofit organizations (includinggovernment)----------

Other-----------------------------------------------------








None ------------------------------------------------------1 assistant-----------------------------------------------2 assistants----------------------------------------------3 assistants or more--------------------------------------


1-3 senices ----------------------------------------------4-6 se~ices ----------------------------------------------7-9 senices ----------------------------------------------10 services or more---------------------------------------


Refractions-----------------------------------------------Visual field examination----------------------------------Tonometry-------------------------------------------------Aniseikonic testing---------------------------------------Biomicroscopy---------------------------------------------Ophthalmoscopy--------------------------------------------Contact lens fitting--------------------------------------Vis7!~ltraining (orthoptics)------------------------------Developmental vision--------------------------------------Prescribing low vision aids-------------------------------Visual readiness for reading------------------------------Dispensing and adjusting eyeware--------------------------Frame repairs---------------------------------------------Fabrication of eyeware------------------------------------Other-----------------------------------------------------


100.0

100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.O100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

97.2

98.895.689.3

90.987.289.095.294.6

97.496.692.2

98.598.797.897.495.0

98.998.296.895.691.9

100.099.998.688.1

95.296.597.797.3

97.297.597.395.696.297.396.897.897.9‘97.297.997.597.697.094.6

2.3

1.1

::;

1:::8.32.95.4

2.1

::;

1.1

t?

::?

0.9

H

2::

o.i1.49.4

n2.02.1

2.32.12.23.63.1

M1.9

;::1.72.02.0

M

0.3

0.10.91.8

0.60.6

;::

0.30.51.4

0.10.2

%;0.7

0.10.2

M1.2

1.;

0.5

u0.4

%:

;:20.5

;::0.20.20.30.3

M0.30.9

0.2

0.10.31.2

0.6

l.i1,3.

R1.6

0.20.2

t:0.3

%1

;:!0.5

1.;

0.50.40.10.2

0.20.10.20.30.30.2

::;0.1

M0.20.2

;:;

66

Table 25. Number and percent distributionof optometrists by number of optical technicians (shopmen)they used to assist in practice, according to State: United state~. 196g

State

United States-----------------------------------------

Alabama------------------------------------------------------Alaska--.---------------------------------------------------Arizona------------------------------------------------------Arkansas--.-------------.-----------------------------------,California--------------------------------------------------,Colorado--------........-------------------------------.----,Connecticut---------------------------------.------------.--,Delaware-----------------------------------------------------District of Columbia-----------------------------------------Florida------------------.-----.------------.---------------.

Georgia------------------------------------------------------Hawaii-------------------------------------------------------Idaho--.--------.---------.-----------------.---------------.Illinois-----------------------------------------------------Indiana----------------------s-------------------------------Iowa--------.-----------------------------------------------.Kansas-------------------------------------------------------Kentucky-,-----------------------------------------------------Louisiana----------------------------------------------------Maine!--------------------------------------------------------

Maryland---.------.-----.-.-.----.--.-.--.--s--.-------------Massachusetts------------------------------------------------Michigan-----------------------------------------------------Minnesota----------------------------------------------------Mississippi--------------------------------------------------MLssourI------------.-----------------.-----.-.--.----.---m-.Montana-..--.--=.--.-.-.=...-.-.w.w..-----------.-----=------Nebraska-------------------------------------.----------------Nevada----------.----.-------------..-------.----.----.------New Hampshire------------------------------------------------

New Jersey---------------.-----------------------------------New I.lcxico----------------------------------------------------New York-----------------------.--------..-------------------North Carolina--.-------.-----.-------------s----------------North Dakota-------------------------------------------------Ohio----..--..--------.------.--------.----------.-----------Oklahoma........----------------.........-----------------.-.-Orugon-------------------------------------------------------Pennsylvania-------------------------------------------------RhocleIsland-------------------------------------------------

South Carolina-----------------------------------------------South Dakota-------------------------------------------------Tennessee----------------------------------------------------~s ........................................................

----------------------------------------------------------Vemont ------------------------------------------------------Virginia-...--.--------.------------..-------.-.-.-----------Washington..................................................-West Virginia................................................Wisconsin----------------------------------------------------Wyoming------------------------------------------------------

18,291

18(

1+:15:

2,22;18(25[3!

4;!

2616/

1,6~[50:

17471470835:12C431891553670

674

1,51$320

9;;245265

1,133132

155

2;;740

;:27235614742841

Number

16,82:

165

1::143

2,08916723534

4::

23564

1,4%456320226213200111

144689646338120390851473367

636

1,3!?302

8;;232246

1,066117

1$:

26566664

2::33414038141

24!

1

:

1:

c

4

226

i621

3131

9

;

12

5;3

1;239

11

2:4

;2

6

67

Table 25. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of optical technicians (shopmen)they used to assist in practice, according to State: United States, 1968-Con.

State

United States------------------------------------------

Alabama--------------------.---.-s-------------------------.=.Alzska-----------------------------------------=-------------Arizona------------------------------------------------------Arkansas-----------------------------------------------------California------.--------------------------------------m-----Colorado-----------------------------------------------------Connecticut--------------------------------------------------Delaware--------------------------------------.--------------District of Columbia-----------------------------------------Florida------------------------------------------------------

Georgia------------------------------------------------------Hawaii-------------------------------------------------------Idaho---------------------------------------------------------Illinois-----------------------------------------------------Indiana------------------------------------------------------Iowa----------------------------------------------------------tinsas-------------------------------------------------------Kentucky------------------------------------.----------------Louisiana-----------------------------=----------------------klaine--------------------------------------------------------

Maryland-----------------------------------------------------Massachusetts------------------------------------------------Michigan-----------------------------------------------------Minnesota----------------------------------------------------Mississippi-=-----------..--.---.------.--..---.-.-=---------Missouri-----------------------------------------------------Montana------------------------------------------------------Nebraska.....................................................Nevada-------------------------------------------------------New Hampehire------------------------------------------------

New Jer:ey ---------------------------------------------------NewMexzco. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .New ~ork . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North Carolina..............................................-North Dakota-------------------------------------------------Ohio---------------------------------------------------------Oklahom -----------------------------------------------------Oregon-------------------------------------------------------Pennsylvania-------------------------------------------------Rhode Island-------------------------------------------------

South Carolina-----------------------------------------------South Dakota-------------------------------------------------Tennessee----------------------------------------------------Texas----------------------------------------........--------Utah---------------------------------------------------------Vemont ------------------------------------------------------Virginia-----------------------------------------------------Washington----------------------------------------------------West Virginia------------------------------------------------Wisconsin----------------------------------------------------Wyoting------------------------------------------------------


100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

91.9

91.893.893.094.994.090.191.296.776.392.7

90.0100.098.792.090.695.298.693.090.496.3

82.596.591.295.8100.090.596.395.290.995.5

94.4.95.783.094.696.891.594.892.894.188.2

93.890.990.990.085.7100.089.593.695.089.1100.0

5.4

2::

::;

::?8.03.3

::;

8.4

4.;5.83.2

4.5

R

8.12.96.43.3

R4.89.1

3.84.40.73.73.24.94.46.04.31.8

4.86.85.86.06.4

8.i5.54.38.8

1.4

0.6

1.71.50.91.7

6.;0.7

1.6

1.41.3

0.;2.8

A::

;:;0.50.3

2.;

.3.0

1.8

3.;1.0

1.60.91.20.8

0.7

;:;

:::

2.;0.6

1.;

1.3

2.5-

1.;

0.8

1.;0.2

1.32.42.4

A::

5.6

;:52.00.6

2.;

.1.5

2.;0.7

2.i

0.;.

0.7

h:;

$::

O.i0.30,70.5

68

Table 26. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of optical technicians (shopmen)they used to assist in practice, according to geographic area and selected characteristicsof the op-tometrist:United States, 1968

Geographic area and selected characteristics ofoptometrists

United States----------------.-----------------.-----

Geographic region

Northeast --------------------------------------------------

~o;;~ Central-.----Q---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

west -------------------------------------------------------

Geographic division

New England------------------------------------------------Middle Atlantic--------------------------------------------East North Central-----------------------------------------West North Central-----------------------------------------South Atlmtic .........--------........---------------------East South Central-----------------------------.-----------West South Central-----------------------------------------Mountain---------------------------------------------------Pacific-----------------.----.------..------p--------------


RegionRegionRegionRegicmRegionRegionRegionRegiooRegionRegion

-------------------- ---------- -------------------- -:I--------------------------------------------------111 -------- -------- --s----- -------- -----.--- --------IV - --- . - -- -- ---- .- .- . - -- -- -- -- . - ---- -. ---- --- --- -- --v . . . . . . . . -------- . . . . . . . . -------- -------- ---.---- ---vI--------------------------------------------------vII-------------------------------------------------vIII ------------------------------------------------Ix--------------------------------------------------X-------- -------- -------- -------- ---.---- -------- ---

Age of optometrist

Under 25 years ---------------------------------------------25-34 years---.-.-----------.-.-------------..--w----------35-44 years------------------------------------------------45-54 years------------------------------------------------55-64 years------------------------------------------------65-74 years------------------------------------------------75 years and over------------------------------------------

Sex of optometrist

Male -------------------------------------------------------Feule -----------------------------------------------------


No States -------- -------- -------- -------- ----.--” ----------L State -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ----2 States ---------------------------------------------------3 States or lnore -------------------------------------------


1-34 hours -------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------35-39 huurs ------------------------------------------------40 hours ---------------------------------------------------41-44 hours -------------------------------------------------45-48 hours -------------------- ---------- ------------------49 hours or more -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ---

18,29!

4,7215,83[4,10:3,63:

1,32;3,39~4,16[1,67(1,92!

82C1,35[

7052,924

1,3272,2611,8342,0454,5211,4291,151

5562,4L8

725

2,0;:5,4006,6322,6011,205

396

17,912387

2013,920

3,3551,005

2,1532,8974,2182,3303,4313,269

Number

L,6,825

4,2755,3813,7603,409

1,2563,0193,8051,5771,756

7631,242

6612,748

1,2561,9531,6821,9034,1431,3101,083

5132,303

681

1,8:?4,9976,1062,3751,090

370

.6,463362

2,8;:3,071

908

2,0482,7383,8492,0983,1272,966

981

304286231160

2::225

1::

2:

12:

60195103109236

ii329736

5

2::354158

E

9:;

72;199

58

76104232151202215

24; 245

Table 26. Number and percent distribution of optometrists by number of optical technicians (shopmen)they used to assist in practice, according to geographic area and selected characteristicsof the op-tometrist: United States, 1968—Con.


United states----------------------------------------

Geozrauhic re~ion

Northeast------------------------------------.-------------North Central----------------------------------------------South------------------------------------------------------West-------------------------------------------------------

Geographic division

New England----------------------- ---.--------------------Middle Atlantic--------------------------------------------East North Central-----------------------------------------West North Central -----------------------------------------South Atlantic---------------------------------------------East South Central-----------------------------------------West South Central-----------------------------------------Mou?tain---------------------------------------------------Pacific----------------------------------------------------


Region I---------------------------------------------------Region II--------------------------------------------------Region III-------------------------------------------------Region IV--------------------------------------------------Region V---------------------------------------------------Region VI--------------------------------------------------Region VII---...--..------.-m---.----..--..------------.---Region VIII--------“----------.------------.---------------Region H --------------------------------------------------Region X----------------------------------------..---------

Age of optometrist

Under 25 years---------------------------------------------25-34 years------------------------------------------------35-44 years------------------------------------------------45-54 years------------------------------------------------55-64 years------------------------------------------------65-74 years------------------------------------------------75 years and over........-----------------........----------

Sex of optometrist

Male-.-.--.------.-------------.--.---------.---.-.--------Female-----------------------------------------------------


No States--------------------------------------------------1 State-------------..,---------.,----------------------------2 States---------------------------------------------------3 States or mre-------------------------------------------


1-34 hours----------------........-------------------------35-39 hours-.....-.........--------------------------------40 hours----------------------------------------------------41-44 hours------------------------------------------------45-48 hours------------------------------------------------49 hours or more-------------------------------------------

Totalptometrists

Number of opticaltechnicians (shopmen)

I I I

None 1 I 2 I 3 ormore

II I I I


100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

91.9

90.692.291.693.8

94.789.091.394.491.093.091.593.294.0

94.786.491.792.991.691.794.192.394.193.9

87.791.492.592.191.390.593.7

91.993.5

94.292.291.590.4

95.194.591.390.091.190.7

5.4 1.4 1.3

1.31.81.20.8

0.51.62.11.2

::;1.60.5O.Y

0.52.0

;:;1.91.51.40.6

;::

1.81.9

::;

:::.

1.32.0

;::1.21.4

0.91.01.51.5

::;

70

Table 27. Number and percent distributionofoptometrists by number ofoptical technicians (shopmen) theyused to assist in practice, according to selected professional characteristicsof the optometrist:United States, 1968

Selected professional characteristicsof the optometrist

LInitedStates--------------------------------------.




Other-----------------------------------------------------


1 Office--------------------------------------------------2 offices-------------------------------------------------3 offices or more-----------------------------------------








1-3 semices ----------------------------------------------4-6 services----------------------------------------------7-9 services----------------------------------------------10 services or more---------------------------------------

Tvoe of optometric service

Refractims -----------------------------------------------Visual field examination----------------------------------Tonometry-------------------------------------------------Aniseikonic testing---------------------------------------Biomicroscopy---------------------------------------------ophthahoscopy --------------------------------------------Contact lens fitting--------------------------------------Visual training (orthoptics)------------------------------Developmental vision--------------------------------------Prescribing low vision aids-------------------------------Visual readiness for reading------------------------------Dispensing and adjusting eyeware--------------------------Frame repairs---------------------------------------------Fabrication of eyeware------------------------------------Other-----------------------------------------------------

18,299

13,5102,178530

951171636183140

1;,());

’41O

1,5783,7624,9892,7505,221

4,0866,8863,7191,7261,881

3,9606,6553,8833,801

9004,0757,3445,980

18,23813,78012,0981,5285,90716,92814,5219,1285,2257,4504,73517,12215,5326,610718

Number

16,82!

12,9451,832397

738144489157122

13,9362,549341

1,5263,6224,6682,5114,498

3,9676,4463,3371,5191,557

3,9606,6063,6022,656

8213,7056,7865,513

16,77412,76911,1801,4205,39115,56213,3718,5584,8996,8954,43815,74914,2995,709653

981

47722260

114

E119

80714726

39

2%162457

3!;265119180

2%654

2;;373343

975711633

3;:91878040823439321692585262643

249

537133

51

2;

:

181616

4

::

1%

1062

::72

i245

1563

X

248166161

%232191

%9439

23820914816

245

35

%

48

4?104

1585037

2?51

l;i

z

2;73

24;

27808750

24213512417

2!217874

%

2;?1721277

71

Table 27. Number and percent distributionofoptometrists by number ofoptical technicians (shopmen) theyused to assist in practice, according to selected professional characteristicsUnited States, 1968—Con.

of the optometrist:

Selected professional characteristicsof the optometrist

United States---------------------------------------




Other-----------------------------------------------------



Number of Datient visits uer week







1-3 semices ----------------------------------------------4-6 services----------------------------------------------7-9 services----------------------------------------------10 senices or more---------------------------------------


Refractions-----------------------------------------------Visual field examination----------------------------------TonOmetry--------------------------------------------------iseikonic testing---------------------------------------Biomlcroscopy---------------------------------------------Ophthalmoscopy--------------------------------------------Contact lens fitting--------------------------------------Visual training (orthoptics)------------------------------Developmentalvision--------------------------------------Prescribing low vision aids-------------------------------Visual readiness for reading------------------------------Dispensing and adjusting eyeware--------------------------Frame repairs---------------------------------------------Fabrication of eyeware------------------------------------Other-----------------------------------------------------

Totaloptometrists

100.0

100.0100.0100.0

100.0100,0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0

100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

I None I 1 I 2 I 3 ormore

Number

95.884.274.9

77.684.176.985.687.4

92.490.883.1

96.796.393.691.386.2

97.193.689.788.082.7

100.099.392.869.9

91.390.992.492.2

92.092.792.492.991.391.992.193.893.892.693.792.092.186.490.9

5.4

3.510.211.4

12.08.911.56.16.3

5.45.26.4

2.5

;:;

:::

:::7.16.99.6

0.;

1;:;

4.2

H5.7

5.45.2

::;6.35.4

i::4.5

::25.45.59.55.9

1.4

0.4

2:;

;::4.33.03.1

H1.6

0.30.60.91.52.7

0.20.9

H3.8

0.;6.5

1.61.51.31.2

1.41.21.31.31.41.4

M1.1

:::

M2.22.3

1.3

0.32.47.5

H7.4

::;

M8.9

0.60.61.0

;:;

0.50.7

;::3.9

6.;

H

M

M

::?1.11.3

M0.70,90.91,21.1

::;

72

APPENDIX 1

TECHNICAL NOTES

Background of Report

t%e data presented in this report were collected as

part of the lWM-69 Vision and Eye Care ManpowerSurvc,y. The survey, conducted by the U.S. Bureau of theLlmsus under concract to the then Division of Health Re-sources Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics

(NCHS), was designed to obtain information about thed~vnographic find professional characteristics of op-tomcv rists cmg+ysd in providing direct health care tothe public.

Survey Coverage

[’IILS tCItLII llllnlb~r of optometrists for purposes of

this survey was defined as all legally registered persons

liccms~,d to pructice optometry in any of the 50 Statesand the District of Columbia, The most complete andI_LY~di]\] available list of these persons was The BlueBook “of”Optometvists,l which provided the names andaddresses of licensed optometrists in each State andthe’ District of Columbia, This list of 20,565 names and.~ddrcsses became the original mailing list for thesurvey.

A pretest of the questionnaire used for the op-tomutristst survey was conducted during the periodMay-.[uly 1%/3. Questionnaires were mailed to twooptometrists in each State and the District of Columbia.After an initiol mailout, one mail followup, and a tele-

plmnu follcmwp a response rate of 91 percent wasachieved. The quest ionnaire proved CO be an effectiveinstrument. Only minor alterations were required forthe final questionnaire. (See appendix 111for a copy of

the final questionnaire.)

Data Collection and Processing

The collect ion of data for the 1968 Manpower Surveywas accomplished under contract with the U.S. Bureauof the Census. This agency was responsible for mailing

the questionnaires, receipt and control procedures,coding the completed questionnaires in accordance withspecifications ‘established by NCHS,

I ~ylc,~[llc+BL,,,~ ~j” optonietrk~$: 1968.Press Inc., 1968),

and for followup

Chicago. (thofessiond

whenever incomplete or inadequate questionnaires werereturned or whenever a questionnaire was not returned.

For the actual survey, three mailouts were em-

ployed in an attempt to elicit a response, the first twoby first-class mail, the last by certified mail. All threemailings were made in every case in which a return wasnot received.

Telephone contacts and personal interviews werealso used. They were employed in cases of nonresponseor refusal as well as in cases of questionnaires that hadbeen only partially completed.

A preliminary edit of the data was undertaken at

the time of the return of the survey questionnaires. Thiswas done to insure completeness of the responses. Thedata from the questionnaires were coded, punched oncards, transferred to computer tape, and sent to NCHS

for processing. Processing included an elaborate seriesof checks and cross-checks to confirm the accuracy ofresponses, to correct coding and punching errors thatoccurred, and also to insure consistency between re-lated items.

Response to the Survey

A total of 20,565 optometrists were provided bythe original mailing list for the survey; 262 duplicatenames and military personnel were eliminated. Militarypersonnel were eliminated because some were in-accessible. The data provided in this report are forcivilian optometrists in the 50 States and the Districtof Columbia, This amounted to 20,303 optometrists, or98.7 percent of the original list.

A total of 18,533, or 91.2 percent of the 20,303,responded to the survey with usable questionnaires. The

remainder was composed of 699 nonrespondents (i.e,reasons unknown); 533 postmaster returns (i.e, unableto locate); 308 deceased; and 230 refusals.

Of these 18,533 usable questionnaires (good re-

sponses), 16,835, or 90.8 percent, were active op-tometrists, while 1,698 reported that they were eitherretired or not currently engaged in optometricalactivities although not retired (table I). There is evi-dence to indicate that the responses from active op-tometrists were better than those from inactive op-tometrists.

73

Table 1. Number and percent distribution of respondents to the questionnaire by question numberand content, according to activity status: United States, 1968 ~

Question number and content

All respondents ------------------------------------------------

Total ------------------------------------------------------------

1::

16a.

In what year wer% you born?------------------------------------Sex?--------------------------------------.--------------------From which school of optometry did you graduate?---------------When did you graduate?-----------------------------------------What degrees have you earned?----------------------------------In which States do you currently hold an active license topractice optometry?------------------------------------------

Are you currently active in optometry?-------------------------Which categories best describe your principal form of

emplo~ent? --------------------------------------------------How mqny weeks per year do you usually practice optometry?-----How many hours per week do you usually practice optometry?-----Approximately what percent of the hours per week do you usually

spend in optometric practice?--------------------------------In your optometric pracrice, approximately how manypatient visits for all purposes do you have during a typicalweek?--------------------------------------------------------

16b. Approximately how many patients does this represent?-----------18. In your optometric practice do you have supplementary personnel

to assist you?-----------------------------------------------

All Inactive

active respondents, ~respondents retired and

not retired

Number

16,835I 1,698


100.0

99.697:999.198.797.5

98.6100.0

99.699.099.0

98.8

92.088.4

98.4

100.0

82.581.178.175.672.4

74.1100.0

...

...

...

..*

...

...

...

Item Response

A response to the survey does not necessarilyinsure adequate answers to all of the questions on thequestionnaire. In fact, a response to a single question

is considered a response to the survey. This sectionwill be concerned with the nonresponses to individualquestions on the questionnaire, i.e., item nonresponse.The previous section discussed nonresponses to thesurvey as a whole, i.e., unit nonresponses. This dis-cussion will involve only the 18,533 good unit responsesbecause interest here concerns the variability ofre-sponses to different questions. Table I presents the

distribution of responses to selected questions on thequestionnaire. Selection of the questions was basedontheir relevance to this report.

One can hardly avoid noticing the differences in

the pe” entages of responses to the individual questionsbetwe~,l the active and inactive respondents. At least17 T-rcent more active respondents answered everyque. .on(among those asked ofboth active and inactive

optcmetriscs) than did inactive respondents. Basedonthis finding, it is not unrealistic to suspect that a similarsituation prevailed in terms of responses to the question-

74

naire generally. A larger shareoftheunitnonresponseswere probably attributable to inactive persons than tothose who were active.

Imputation for Unknowns

As a matter of policy, tables in this publication

are presented with item nonresponses imputed. Theallocation of the item nonresponses was done by com-puter, utilizing two principles: first, random assign-ment; and second, utilization of related information as

category controls to insure consistencyammtgdifferentrelated items within the same record.

Assignment of values to replace item nonresponseis done on a random basis to prevent bias. The valueused to replace an item nonresponse israndomly se-Iected from within a range of values prescribed byrelated information from the record containing theitem nonresponse. Establishment of arange of valuesis necessary to insure that the value used to replace the

item nonresponse will not be inconsistent with othervalues within the record in which the value is beingplaced.

An txarnple may clarify the procedures. Mr. Blank

is 4S yL’ars of age. His year at graduation is not known.It must be imputed. Age and year at graduation arerclitt~,d itums. In this case, Mr. Blank’s age will beused ds a category control to choose an appropriater~wwd from which a year at graduation will be selected.13Ym~wxs of a random selection process, hlr. Given’srL’cord is chosen because his age was 49. The age cate-gory in this case could have been 48-50 .- Thus Mr.13LInk*s LInd Mr. Givents ages were both in the sameC.ltL’gOr}r. Mr. Given’s year at graduation was listed as]OJZ, The year 1942 is then copied into Mr. Blank’s

r~word as his year at graduation and will be counted in

all labuldtions as if it were the actual year Mr. Blankhad provided on his questionnaire.

State and National Estimates

I“IIL,statistics presented in this report were inflated1[1:Illuw t’or unit nonresponses, i.e., for entire question-

naires that were not available. This “inflation” factor

was the ratio of total optometrists to the number of

usable (good) responses obtained. Within each State thenumber of optometrists was divided by the number ofgood responses to obtain the increment needed to adjustthe statistics for the nonresponses. The incrementmultiplied by the number of respondents provided theinflated number of civilian optometrists (20,301). Table11presents the number of respondents to the optometrymanpower survey, the ratio weights, and the inflatednumbers of active optometrists for each State.

Rounding

Numbers that appear in the present report wereindependently rounded and may not add to totals. Per-cents were also independently rounded and may not al-ways add to 100 percent. Percents and rates werecalculated on the basis of original, unrounded figuresand will not necessarily agree with rates and percentswhich might be calculated from rounded data.

75

Table II. Number of optometrists by activity status, before and after inflation: United States

State

United States ----------

Alabama ----------------------Alaska -----------------------Arizona ----------------------Arkansas ---------------------California -------------------Colorado---------------------Connecticut ------------------Delaware ---------------------District of Columbia ---------Florida----------------------Georgia----------------------Hawaii -----------------------Idaho------------------------Illinois---------------------Indiana----------------------Iowa-------------------------Kansas-----------------------Kentucky---------------------Louisiana--------------------Maine ------------------------Maryland ---------------------Massachusetts ----------------Michigan ---------------------Minnesota --------------------Mississippi ------------------Missouri---------------------Montana ----------------------Nebraska ---------------------Nevada -----------------------New Hampshire ----------------New Jersey-------------------New Mexico -------------------New York ---------------------North Carolina ---------------North Dakota -----------------Ohio -------------------------Oklahoma ---------------------Oregon -----------------------Pennsylvania -----------------Rhode Island-----?-----------South Carolina ---------------South Dakota -----------------Tennessee --------------------Texas ------------------------Utah -------------------------Vermont ----------------------Virginia ---------------------Washington -------------------West Virginia ----------------Wisconsin --------------------~yoming ----------------------

and each State, 1968

Optometrist

Active

16,835

159

1;:136

2,077174252

%46525061

1,3;;472311216214199109160660656331115400

1%

2:608

1,4%298

8%231258

1,022~g

2%6:;

3524933013939736

Inactive

1,698

Inflationfactors

1.10

1.131,061.101.111:081.081.031.181.211.061.051.051.121;161.081.081.061.071.121.061.091.091.081.0710051.081.081.061.091.061.111.031.141.081.151.071.071.061.121.111.071.071.061.091.181.081.101.081.061.081.13

Inflatedactive

optometrists

18,427

180

1;;151

2,24218826035

4;;2636486

1,616510336229229223116175719708354121432

1%36

6;:

1,5;2322

;g

2731,145

1321559429675274

2%35614742941

Inflatedinactive

optometrists

1,873

24;1174

304292421

1;10

4!6172

3;

20;21

\9:

;;168116

Inflatedtotal

20,301

192

1%154

2,49;

26739

5X278

;;1,;;;

360250238;::

194814772;;;

481

1%38

7;:

1,8;?342

1,0;:260302

1,31314316210232482086

2;;396158453

43

76

APPENDIX II

DEFINITIONS

&e. -Age refers to the respondent’s age in 1970.In all cases, age is calculated as the difference betweenIC)7[Iand the respondent’s year of birth.

Geogva@ic area. —For the purpose of reportingthe data yielded by the 1970 Podiatry Survey, the UnitedStates (the 50 States and the District of Columbia) isdivided into the geographic regions and divisions usedby thu U.S. Bureau of the Census and into the tenStandard Federal Administrative Regions aa follows:

Geographic re@”onanddivision

States included

NortheastNew England ----------- Maine, NewHampshire,

Vermont, Massachusetts,Rhode Island, Connecticut

Llkidle Atlantic -------- New York, New Jersey,Pennsylvania

North CentralEast North Central ----- Ohio, Indiana, Illinois,

Michigan, WisconsinWest North Central -----Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri,

North Dakota, South Dakota,Nebraska, Kansas

SouthSouth Atlantic ----------Delaware, Maryland,

District of Columbia,Virginia, West Virginia,North Carolina, SouthCarolina, Georgia, Florida

East South Central ------ Kentucky, Tennessee,Alabama, Mississippi

West South Central -----Arkansas, Louisiana,Oklahoma, Texas

westMountain --.------------Montana, Idaho, Wyoming,

Colorado, New Mexico,Arizona, Utah, Nevada

Pacific ----------------Washington, Oregon,Alaska, California, Hawaii

Standavd Fed@’alAdminist?’ation Re@”on States includedwith headquarters city

Region I (Boston) ----------Connecticut, Maine,Massachusetts, NewHampahire, Rhode Island,Vermont

Region II (New York) ------New York, New Jersey

Region III (Philadelphia) ---District of Columbia,Delaware, Maryland,Pennsylvania, Virginia,West Virginia

Region IV (Atlanta) --------Alabama, Florida, Georgia,Kentucky, Mississippi,North Carolina, SouthCarolina, Tennessee

Region V (Chicago) -------- Illinois, Indiana, Minnesota,Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin

Region VI (Dallas-FortWorth) -- ----------------Arkansas, Louisiana, New

Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas

Region VII (Kansas City) --Iowa, Kansas, Missouri,Nebraska

Region VIII (Denver) ------ Colorado, Montana, NorthDakota, South Dakota, Utah,Wyoming

Region IX (San Francisco) --Arizona, California, Hawaii,Nevada

Region X (Seattle) --------- Alaska, Idaho, Oregon,Washington

000

77

APPENDIX IllSURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

PHS-T407-3REV. 8-68

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

ACTING AS COLLECTING AGENT FOR THE

U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE

CONFIDEN’HAL: All information which permitsthe identification of the individual will be heldstrictly confidential, will be used scdely bypersons engaged in, and only for the purposes ofthe survey and will not be disclosed at releasedto ocher persons or for any other purpose.

SURVEY OF OPTOMETRISTS

Form Approve dBudget Bureau No. 68-s68028

I. Is your name correct, and is the address abave yaur PRIMARY PLACE OF PRACTICE?

t n Yes ZDNO

IIf no, please enter the correct information below

Name:Frrst ,Jfzddle Lu. I

Primary place of practice:Number Sfrc.v

City Sfalc Zrp Cod,

2. In what year were you born?( )’ear)

3. Where were you born?(State or foreign country)

4. Are yau a citizen af the United States? (Please check appropriate box)

t u Yes, Native Bom

z ❑ Yes, Naturalized

3mNo

5. Sex I ❑ Male

z ❑ Female

6. A. From which schoal af optometry did you graduate?

Name of School

City State or Ceuntry

78

B. When did yau graduate?(Year graduated)

PAGE 1

7. What degrees have you earned? (Check all that apply)—

I ❑ Dactor of Optometry

z a Doctarate (Sfreci/y major field: )

3 ❑ Master’s (SpecI/y major jield: )

4 ❑ Bachelor’s (Speci/y major field )

5 •l Other (Speci/},: )

8. In which States do you currently hold an ACTIVE LICENSE to practice optometry?

9.

10.

11,

12.

Aro you CURRENTLY ACTIVE in optometry? (/nc/ude patient care, teaching, research, and administration}

JU

LYes, Full-time 3

20 Yes, Part-time 4

PROCEED tO

GGiao. ‘e=nder af qusstiorumire does not apply. Pleasemtwn qaemtimire im k enmlops ~ovided.

Which of the followin~ cutegoriee best describes your PRINC?PAL tom otemptoym~t? (Check ~)

oI U Self- emplayed - Solo practiceIf in partnership m group practice, how mony

oa •l Self-employed - Parra ership practice OPTOMETRISTS are them in the partnership

os ❑ Self-emplayed - Group practice or group COUNTING YOURSELF?

ad ❑ Employed by - Military

os 0 Employed by - Government (non-military)Number

DO U Emplayed by - Optometrist(s)

w ❑ Employed by - Ophthalmologist(s)

os •l Emplayed by - Physician(s) other tbsn aphthalmologist(s)

Oa 0 Employed by - Firm or corporation (profit-making)

Io 0 Employed by - Nonprofit organization or iasritution

11 ❑ Other (Speci/y: )

How many WEEKS per year do you usually practice optometry? (Include patient care, teaching, research, andadministrat7&750 not count vacations as weeks warked.)

(Weeks per year)

How many HOURS per week da you usually practice optometry?

administratictr)

(Hours per week)

(Include patient care, teaching, research, and

PHS-T407-3 (PAGE 2)

REV. 6-66

79:

13. APPROXIMATELY what PERCENT of the hours per week, indicated in Item 12 above, do you usually spend in

each of the following activities?

a. Z Optometric practice

b. % Teaching in a school of optometry

c. % Optometric research

d. % Administration (Optom etrzc A.ssociatzon, etc. )

●e. % Orber (.Spea”/y: )

100 % TOTAL

If O% of your time is spent in OPTOMETRIC PRACTICE, (Item 13 a. above) -P, and return ques-

tionnaire i“ the envelope provided: otherwise continue.

14. In your OPTOMETRIC PRACTICE, which of the services below are rendered to your patients by you or under your

direction? (Check M that apply)

01 n02 ❑

03 ❑

04 n

05 n

06 ❑

07 a

08 n

09 ❑

10 n

11 n

12 0

13 ❑

14 ❑

15 n

Refractions

Visual fields

Tonometry

Ani seikonic testing

Biomicroscopy

Ophthalmoscopy

Contact lens fitting

Visual training/orrhoptics

Developmental vision

Prescribing low vision aids

Visual readiness for reading

Dispensing and adjusting

Frame repairs

Fabrication of eyeware

Other (Speci/y: )

15. In your OPTOMETRIC PRACTICE, what do you consider to be your PRIMARY, and your SECONDARY, activity?

A. PRLMARY activity (Check one)—

General practice


Visual training/OrrbOpti cs



Industrial vision

Other (Sp.cz/y: )

B. SECONDARY acrivity (Check ~

Germ-al practice


Visual training/orthaptics



Industrial vision

Other (SpecZ/y: )

None

PHS-T407-3 (PAGE 3)

REV. S-68

80

16. A. In your OPTOMETRIC PRACTICE, APPROXIMATELY how many patient V- fo~all purpases do you hoveduring a typical week?

(Apbmvimatc number 0/ wsits)

B. APPROXIMATELY how many PATIENTS does this represent? (Patients with multiple visits should be counted

anly on cc)

(Appm wmate number of pafisrrts)

17, What is the total number of affice Iacations

(Nurn her 0/ locations)

at which you currently practice optometry?

18. In yaur PRINCIPAL FORM OF EMPLOYMENT, indicated in Item 10 above, do you have supplementary personnelto assist you?

in+

Yes 20N0

Please indicate the NUMBER in each category be/ow far ALL affices combined which are related to your

principal form of emps

(Pers ans who spend less than 75% of their time in any one category below shouid be counted in category b,

general aptarnetric assistant) —

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

f.

&

NUh{ BER WHO WORK FULL-TIh4E NUMBER WHO WORK PART-TIMi

(3> ho. m or mow per week) (Less !han 3> hours per week)

FOR YOU F:&Y:;;;: FOR YOU FOR YOU AND

ALONE ALONE Associates

Secrutuies, Receptionists . . . . . . . . . . — . . . ..-. . . . . . . . . . .

General optometric assistants . . . . . . . . —. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Optometric techaiciarss . . . . . . . . . . . . — . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dispensing opticians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Contact lens technicians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Optical technicians (Skopmerr). . . . . . . . — . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other ( $prc I/y. ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19. A. If YOU have made entries under FOR YOU AND ASSOC ATESI in the full-time ar part-time columns in Item 18 abavehow many associates, COUNTING YOURSELF, share these persannel?

(Nurnbcr o/ associates)

B. Of thsse associates, how many are OPTOMETRISTS, COUNTING YOURSELF?

( Nrnnber of optometrists)

COMMENTS . General comments are invited as well as comments on specific item=

~.--–PLEASE RETURN QUESTIONNAIRE IN THE STAMPED ENVELOPE PROVIDED. I

PHS-T407-3 [PAGE 4)

REv. (6-68

—-

000

81

VITAL AND HEALTH STATISTICS PUBLICATION SERIES

Originally Public Health Service Publication No. 1000

Series 1. PYogvams and collection pvoceduves. — Reports which describe the general programs of the NationalCenter for Health Statistics and its offices and divisions, data collection methods used, definitions,and other material necessary for understanding the data.

Series 2. Data evaluation and methods Yesearch, —Studies of new statistical methodology including: experi-mental tests of new survey methods, studies of vital statistics collection methods, new analyticaltechniques, objective evaluations of reliability of collected data, contributions to statistical theory.

Series 3, Analytical studies. —Reports presenting analytical or interpretive studies based on vital and healthstatistics, carrying the analysis further than the expository types of reports in the other series.

SeYies 4. Documents and committee veports.— Final reports of major committees concerned with vital andhealth statistics, and documents such as recommended model vital registration laws and revisedbirth and death certificates.

Stwks 10. Data from the Health Interview Survev. —Statistics on illness, accidental injuries, disability, useof hospital, medical, dental, and other services, and other health-related topics, based on datacollected in a continuing national household interview survey.

Suries 11. Data from the Health Examination Sumey. —Data from direct examination, testing, and measure-ment of national samples of the civilian, noninstitutional population provide the basis for two typesof reports: (1) estimates of the medically defined prevalence of specific diseases in the UrdtedStates and the distributions of the population with respect to physical, physiological, and psycho-logical characteristics; and (2) analysis of relationships among the various measurements withoutreference to an explicit finite universe of persons.

$kvim L?. Da h fvom the 1%$titutional Population Sumeys — Statistics relating to the health characteristics ofpersons in institutions, and their medical, nursing, and personal care received, based on nationalsamples of establishments providing these services and samples of the residents or patients.

S~Yi~’s 13. Data from the Hospital DiscJzaYge Survey. —Statistics relating to di scharged patients in short-stayhospitals, based on a sample of patient records in a national sample of hospitals.

JWvirs 14. Data on health resources: manpowe~ and facilities. —Statistics on the numbers, geographic cfistri -Ix.ttion, and characteristics of health resources including physicians, dentists, nurses, other healthoccupations, hospitals, nursing homes, and outpatient facilities.

Srri4:s 20, Datu on mortality. — Various statistics on mortality other rhan as included in regular annual ormonthly reports —special analyses by cause of death, age, and other demographic variables, a!so

geographic and time series analyses.

Scvim 21, Data on natality, mamia~e, and divorce. —Various statistics on na[ality, marriage, and diwm ceother than as included in regular annual or monthly reports+ pecial analyses by demographicvariables, also geographic and time series analyses, studies of fertility.

SC:YZ,IS22, Dati from the A’atiortal Natality and Mortality Surveys, — Statistics on characteristics of birthsand deaths not available from the vital records, based on sample surveys stemming horn theserecords, including such topics as mortality by socioeconomic class, hcqit~l experience in thelast year of life, medical care during pregnancy, health insurance coverage, etc.

Fur :1 list of titles of reports published in these series, write m: Office of InformationNat ~onal C~nt~r i.jr }iedltn Mat Et IC5

Public 1Iealth Service, HSP.lHARockville, PId. 213852