optiway optimization

8/17/2019 Optiway Optimization

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Optiway’s SystemOptimization



2Optiway Proprietary Information - All rights reserved

All-Access Product

Power Sharing

Power Balancing

UMTS / GSM Co-Existance

Up-Link Noise Rise

Content:



Power Loss # of Carriers

0 [dB] 1

-3 [dB]2

-5 [dB]3

-6 [dB]4

-7 [dB]5

-8 [dB]6

8

Dividing Power / Carriers

Example:

A Cellular Operator makes use of 1800MHz GSM. He activates 4 TRx’s, each of the same power.

Optiway’s All_Access Branch Unit can transmit DL max. total power of +30dBm.

So, each TRx is individually transmitted as -6dB of the total power, that is: +24dBm.

Optiway’s

Root Unit

Optiway’s

Branch Unit4 TRX’s

+30dBmTotal



IBW Passive Coax Installation



AllAccess Installation




מירס

IDENUL

פל פון

CDMA850UL

סלקום

TDMA850UL

IDENמירסDL

פל פון

CDMA850DL

סלקום

TDMA850DL

810.9-812.9,813-820.975 855.9-857.9,858-865.975

8 0 6

8 2 4

8 3 5

8 2 5

8 4 5

8 4 7

8 5 1

8 6 9

8 7 0

8 8 0

8 9 0

8 9 2

Duplexer’s tough requirements !

Filtering Neighbors' Bands

All Frequencies: in [MHz]



Branch_Unit

Root_Unit

LNA AmpLASER

LNA

BTS

AntennaAmp

Ph.DiodeAmp LNA

LNAAmpLASER

WavelengthDivision

Multiplexer

WavelengthDivision

Multiplexer

Ph.Diode

Duplexer

Duplexer


All-Access: Basic Block Diagram



LNA AmpBTS

Amp LNA

Duplexer


LNA AmpBTS

Amp LNA

Duplexer

LNA AmpBTS

Amp LNA

Duplexer

800MHziDEN

850MHzCDMA+TDMA

900MHzGSM

Root_Unit:

Root-Unit’s FE : Basic Block Diagram



LNA Amp

Amp LNA


LNA Amp

Amp LNA

LNA Amp

+

Amp LNA

800MHziDEN

850MHzCDMA+TDMA

900MHzGSM

Root_Unit:

2100MHzUMTS

Extended 800* Band

Disadvantages:

•Mutual Management•Aggregated Output DL Power

Simplex Option



Branch_Unit

Root_Unit

LNA AmpLASER

LNA

BTS

AntennaAmp

Ph.DiodeAmp LNA

LNAAmpLASER

WavelengthDivision

Multiplexer

WavelengthDivision

Multiplexer

Ph.Diode

Duplexer

Duplexer


Management: Config. and Monitoring




Optiway’s

Root Unit

Pelephone’s BTS:

(W)CDMA 850+2100

Optiway’s

Branch Unit

MIRS’ BTS:

iDEN 800+2100

Cellcom’s RTS:

GSM 850+1800+2100

1800

2100

800

850

Quad Band

4 Ports 4 Bands

Combining Options

Output DLPower Loss

# ofTechnologies

per Band

0 [dB] 1-3 [dB]2

-5 [dB]3

-6 [dB]4

+30dBmTotal Power

per Band

http://www.mirs.co.il/14-he/Mirs.aspx

http://www.pelephone.co.il/web/3G/Corporate/HP/.aspx



1

2

10logBell1 P

P

1

2

10log*101Belldeci1 P

P dB

Ampl.P1 P2

Alexander Graham Bell

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/1876_Bell_Speaking_into_Telephone.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Alexander_Graham_Bell.jpg



1

2

10[dB] log*101 P

P Ampl.

P1 P2

0.010.152100101P2 /P1

-20-107320100dB

[mW]

[mW]

10[dBm]

1log*101

P ???

1[mW] P

0.010.152100101P[mW]

-20-107320100dBm

46.70.152100101P [W]

46.7203733504030dBm

dB vs. dBm



Power [dBm] & Gain/Attenuation: Concatenation

Mobile Receive RF Level : [dBm]

=-27[dBm]-81.6[dB]+12[dBi]-0.4[dB]+43[dBm]

Tx

Antenna Gain:

12dBi

Cable Loss:

0.4dB

Out

Link Loss:

81.6dB

Antenna Gain:

0dBi

Output RF DL Power:

+43dBm



Power [dBm] : – Adding & Subtracting

[dBm]3=[dBm]+[dBm]0

[dBm]30=[dBm]+[dBm]27

[dBm]20.4=[dBm]+[dBm]20

[dBm]28.4=[dBm]+[dBm]28

Subtracting : [dBm]

[dBm]9=[dBm]3-[dBm]10

[dBm]27=[dBm]27-[dBm]30

[dBm]19.54=[dBm]10-[dBm]20

[dBm]-infinity=[dBm]0-[dBm]0

http://www.google.co.il/imgres?imgurl=http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/EDDOCS/images/Erb/wavelength_figure.jpg&imgrefurl=http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/EDDOCS/Wavelengths_for_Colors.html&h=588&w=445&sz=64&tbnid=K-OFmn-YU0qDqM:&tbnh=135&tbnw=102&prev=/images?q=wavelength&zoom=1&hl=iw&usg=__DLXcq63VWdWKRpEEcxwXjbdHYjY=&sa=X&ei=i_psTLq5CZKMOKXS2bAL&ved=0CBwQ9QEwBQ



(cm)f (MHz)

100300

35.2850

31.6950

301000

152000

13.952150

30

Free-Space Wave Length

http://www.google.co.il/imgres?imgurl=http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/EDDOCS/images/Erb/wavelength_figure.jpg&imgrefurl=http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/EDDOCS/Wavelengths_for_Colors.html&h=588&w=445&sz=64&tbnid=K-OFmn-YU0qDqM:&tbnh=135&tbnw=102&prev=/images?q=wavelength&zoom=1&hl=iw&usg=__DLXcq63VWdWKRpEEcxwXjbdHYjY=&sa=X&ei=i_psTLq5CZKMOKXS2bAL&ved=0CBwQ9QEwBQ

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sine_wavelength.svg

http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/media/Communications/wavelength.gif



½”7 /8”1 ¼”1 5 /8”

6.493.682.622.17TDMA @824MHz

9.915.734.153.47GSM @1800MHz

10.56.094.433.71UMTS @2000MHz

11.076.444.513.97UMTS @2200MHz

RF Coaxial Cables - Losses

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Coaxial_cable_cutaway.svg



ההספק •

Ptמנקודה חת,משודר יזוטרופי

– .לכל המרח

הו, Rשטח פני כדור רדיוס • :4

R 2

:מהמקו Rמרחק(Poynting)צפיפות ההספק •

• נק ל,Aם נקלוט עזרת נטנה עלת מפתח פקטי י

:ות נקל

Aהמפתח ה פקטי י •:Gקשור לש ח ה נטנה,של ה נטנ

:כ שר

S A*Pr

p

l

4

* 2G A

f

C l

R

32

Watt

2m

2

m

Watt

2m

m

Electromagnetic Waves Propagation



:הו ,הנקלPrההספק •

:

(10 logן דצי לים :)

Pr [dBm]= Pt [dBm]+Gt [dB]+Gr [dB] – 32.44 – 20 log f [MHz] – 20 log R [Km] [dBm]

Watt

Watt

Path Loss = P.L

Path Loss = P.L [dB] = 32.44 +20 log f [MHz] +20 log R [Km]

33

Electromagnetic Waves Propagation



34

2Re

r )

*4(**

P

d GG

P ciever r Transmitte

Transmit

eceive

p

l

Free-Space Attenuation (Loss)

-100.0

-90.0

-80.0

-70.0

-60.0

-50.0

-40.0

-30.0

-20.0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Attenuation [dB] VS. Distance [m]

Frequencyדו ע רדתMHz2100

G RedBi12ש ח נטנת מקל

G Tr דשמ תנטנ ח שdBi0

(dB)ניחות(מטרי)מרחק

5-40.9

10-46.9

15-50.4

20-52.9

25-54.8

30-56.4

35-57.8

40-58.9

45-60.0

50-60.9

55-61.7

60-62.4

150-70.4

160-71.0

170-71.5

180-72.0

190-72.5

200-72.9

250-74.8

300-76.4

350-77.8

400-78.9

450-80.0

500-80.9

550-81.7

600-82.4

700-83.8

800-84.9

900-86.0

1000-86.9

1100-87.7

1200-88.5




7008009001800190021002400[MHz]

-10.7 dB-9.54 dB-8.52 dB-2.5 dB-2.0 dB-1.16 dB02400

-9.54 dB-8.38 dB-7.36 dB-1.34 dB-0.87 dB01.16 dB2100

-8.67 dB-7.51 dB-6.5 dB-0.47 dB00.87 dB2.0 dB1900

-8.2 dB-7 dB-6 dB00.47 dB1.34 dB2.5 dB1800

-2.2 dB-1 dB06 dB6.5 dB7.36 dB8.52 dB900

-1.16 dB01 dB7 dB7.51 dB8.38 dB9.54 dB800

01.16 dB2.2 dB8.2 dB8.67 dB9.54 dB10.7 dB700

Power Balancing in wide-band Antenna




Power Balancing in wide-band Antenna

Example:

A Cellular Operator makes use of 900MHz GSM and 1800MHz GSM and 2100Mhz UMTS,all together in the same antenna (assumed to be wide-band).

He wishes that the RF propagation will remain equal, in spite of the frequency-differences.

So, he will discriminate the power for each Band:

7008009001800190021002400[MHz]

-9.54 dB-8.38 dB-7.36 dB-1.34 dB-0.87 dB01.16 dB2100

He should attenuate the 900MHz GSM by 7.36 [dB] and the 1800MHz GSM by 1.34 [dB],

relative to the 2100Mhz UMTS power.

In this matter, the spatial propagation for each Band will be the same.

9 0 0

M H z

2 1 0 0

M H z

1 8 0 0

M H z




UMTS Spectrum




UMTS Spectrum – Content

In WCDMA FDD cellular systems, CPICH is a downlink channel broadcast by Node Bs with

constant power and of a known bit sequence.Its power is usually between 5% and 15% of the total Node B transmit power of 43 dBm

-13 [dB]5%Min.:

-10 [dB]10%Typ.:

-8.2 [dB]15%Max.:




UMTS Carriers

In WCDMA FDD cellular system, each UMTS Carrier is a complete “UMTS World”.

The transition between carriers is called: “Hard Handover”, or “Hard Handoff”.This transition (H/O) is not smooth as it should.




@ UMTS (W-CDMA)Parameter:@ GSM

BW= 5 MHzBandwidth [BW]BW= 200 KHz

Extra Noise: 67 dB10*log(BW/Hertz)Extra Noise: 53 dB

Processing Gain [PG]-

C/I=(needed) 7 dBCarrier to Interference [C/I]C/I=(needed) 12 dB

+34 dBmBTS regular Output DL Power +43 dBm

dB Rate Bit

RateChip PG 98.2475.314

12200

3840000

_

_

Co-Location: UMTS & GSM

Scenario for Example:

A Cellular Operator makes use of 1900MHz GSM and 1900MHz W-CDMA (UMTS),both in the same system.

He wishes that the RF propagation will remain equal, in spite of the technology-differences.

Let’s assume a voice call, using 12,200 bits/sec AMR vocoder.

Gathering all advantages/disadvatages of these technologies:

UMTS (W-CDMA): -67 + 24.98 – 7 = -49GSM: -53 - 12 = -65




@ UMTS (W-CDMA)Parameter:@ GSM

BW= 5 MHzBandwidth [BW]BW= 200 KHz

Extra Noise: 67 dB10*log(BW/Hertz)Extra Noise: 53 dB

Processing Gain [PG]-

C/I=(needed) 7 dBCarrier to Interference [C/I]C/I=(needed) 12 dB

+34 dBmBTS regular Output DL Power +43 dBm

dB Rate Bit

RateChip PG 98.2475.314

12200

3840000

_

_

Co-Location: UMTS & GSM

Gathering all advantages/disadvatages of these technologies:

UMTS (W-CDMA): -67 + 24.98 – 7 = -49

GSM: -53 - 12 = -65

There is a difference of (65-49=) 16 dB which UMTS has an advantage upon GSM.

Since the spatial “cover” of the UMTS Node-B (BTS) is due to the CPiCH (Pilot) power (which is 13 dB

below the Total-Power) – so the “Mobile” handset will “feel” the UMTS stronger by 3 dB.

So, we recommend to lower the UMTS power by 3 dB.

In this case, the Mobile will prefer the UMTS technology first (according to its initial software settings).




Optiway’s

Root Unit

Optiway’s

Branch Unit

BTS

Up-Link Noise

Any active system (like: Optiway’s All-Access) connected to the BTS’ receiver, may cause the noise to rise.

The Operator (owner of the BTS/Node-B) should measure the UL noise, when Mobile are not transmitting.

The numbers should be: Consequence:Range of UL Noise:

“Clean” systemLess than -100 [dBm]

“Normal” System-100……-90 [dBm]

Should be Fine-TunedMore than -90 [dBm]




Optiway’s

Root Unit

Optiway’s

Branch Unit

Up-Link Noise: Fine Tuning

Recommendation:

Lower the Branch’s UL DCA (more Gain) by 3dB, and add more of the Root’s UL DCA (less Gain) by 3dB.-Yet, the total requires UL Gain stays the same.

+ -!

optiway optimization

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