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Optics Unit

Lesson One: Light Rules! (Properties of Light) Tues Mar 27th – Wed Mar 28th (R)

Tues Mar 27th (G) Outcomes

SCO: identify and describe properties of visible light, using tools and apparatus safely (308-8, 209-6)

Materials

Station One:o Mirrorso Flashlighto Black Cardstocko Station Outline

Station Two:o Two beakerso Watero Milko Eyedroppero Flashlighto Station Outline

Station Three:o Two beakerso Water

o Cooking Oilo Strawo Station Outline

Station Four: o Metal Spoons (different

sizes)o Concave and Convex Mirrorso Station Outline

Station Five:o Piece of Newspaper (small

print)o Concave Lenso Convex Lenso Station Outline

Stations Handout for students

Plan

Introduce Stations to students – explain the premise/question in each one. Ask students to go through the stations in groups (about 15 minutes per station) to investigate each station’s questions.

Rotate the students every 15 minutes Go over what students learned after each station Exit Pass: Students describe one thing they learned about light today

Differentiation and Adaptation …

Assessment Observing students’ performance in lab and use of materials/apparatus properly (SCO

308-8, 209-6)

1

Lab Handouts to be passed in – assessed in use of scientific language (SCO 109-13), understanding of refraction and reflection (210-11, 308-10/308-9) and properties of light (308-8, 209-6)

2

Lesson Two: Properties of Light Reinforcement Tues April 3rd (R)

Wed April 4th – Thurs April 5th (G)

Outcomes

SCO: SCO: identify and describe properties of visible light, using tools and apparatus safely

(308-8, 209-6)

Materials

Properties of Light reading and worksheet

Plan

Begin with class discussion – prodding students to recall the Properties of Light (introduced as Light Rules) from the last week.

Ask students to begin the reading and questions exercise – as a reinforcement to what they observed last week.

Asked to finish for homework if not completed in the half hour.


Assessment

Properties of Light worksheet

3

Lesson Three: Light and TransparencyFri April 6th (R+G)

Outcomes

SCO: SCO: identify and describe properties of visible light, using tools and apparatus safely

(308-8, 209-6)

Materials

Handout on Transparency and questions asking students to describe how light would interact with different objects.

Plastic wrap, wax paper, aluminum foil, and transparency cards cut and ready

Plan

Start by asking students to explain transparency – what are the three states of transparency, and ask them to provide examples around the room. As students discuss transparency, they create a transparency “cheat-sheet,” a piece of card stock with four circles, each with two lines for labels beneath them, three of which are cut out. Plastic wrap, wax paper, and aluminum foil are provided – transparent, translucent, and opaque examples (two opaque, one shiny/reflective and the other absorbing).

Have students identify how each example interacts with light – transmitting, scattering, absorbing, and reflecting)

Introduce the short reading and the handout – which gets students to group objects based upon how light would interact with them.

Conclude with class discussion correcting the worksheet


Assessment Combination of conversational/observational assessment of student’s grasping light and

transparency

4

Quiz OneMon April 9th (R+G)

Outcomes

SCO: identify and describe properties of visible light, using tools and apparatus safely (308-8,

209-6)


5

Lesson Four: Optical Technologies Work PeriodMon April 9th (R+G)

Outcomes

SCO: provide examples of optical technologies that enable scientific research and relate

personal activities associated with such technologies (109-10, 111-3) describe how optical technologies have developed through systematic trial-and-error

processes constrained by the optical properties of the materials and the laws of nature (109-5)

Materials

Handouts on Optical Technology Assignment Computer Access (Chromebooks)

Plan

Before starting Quiz 1, begin with introduction to Optical Technologies, and prod students to think about what optical technologies are. Then introduce the project, which they are asked to start once the quiz has been finished.

During work period, ask students to tell me their intended topic once they have selected it


Assessment

[This is actually a question for you – should/can I assess students in terms of independent research? Since it isn’t an outcome in itself, I imagine that the assessment for this kind of research project would be based on the finished product?]

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Lesson Five: Optical Technologies Work PeriodMon Apr 9th (R)

Wed April 11th (G)

Outcomes

SCO: SCO: provide examples of optical technologies that enable scientific research and relate

personal activities associated with such technologies (109-10, 111-3) describe how optical technologies have developed through systematic trial-and-error

processes constrained by the optical properties of the materials and the laws of nature (109-5)

Materials

Computer Access (Chromebooks)

Plan

Have students continue working on their projects


Assessment

7

Lesson Six: Optical Technologies Work Period Thurs April 12th (G)

Tues April 10th (R)

Outcomes

GCO: …

SCO:

Materials

Computer Access (Chromebooks)

Plan

Have students continue working on their projects. Conclude by reminding them of the due date and that there will not be any additional periods to work on it in class. Explain other important dates for the unit: several labs will be happening over the next two weeks, and a unit test will be Monday April 30th – I’m volunteering that day to have it


Assessment

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Lesson Seven: Refraction and Reflection LabFriday April 13th (G+R)

Outcomes

SCO: SCO: state a conclusion, based on experimental data and evidence, of light and describe

qualitatively how visible light is refracted (210-11, 308-10) SCO: describe the laws of reflection of visible light and their applications in everyday life

(308-9)

Materials

Optics Lab Materials: o Station One: Refraction

Ray Box / Laser pointers

Convex Lenses Concave Lenses Blank Paper Pencil Ruler Station Outline

o Station Two: Reflection

Ray Box / Laser pointers

Blue and Red Pens Blank Paper (size of

mirror or larger) Pencil Ruler Protractor Plane Mirror Tape Station Outline

Lab Report Handouts – based upon scientific inquiry

Plan

Spend 5 minutes introducing the two stations, and get students into groups – will have 4 or 6 stations total (each of one of the two activities), depending upon available resources. Prod students as they begin by asking what they think might happen when light passes through curved lenses.

Start the stations – one looking at reflection and the other looking at refraction



308-8, 209-6) Lab Handouts to be passed in – assessed in use of scientific language (SCO 109-13),

understanding of refraction and reflection (210-11, 308-10/308-9)

9

Lesson Eight: Refraction and Reflection ActivitiesMon April 16th (R+G)

Outcomes

SCO: … SCO: state a conclusion, based on experimental data and evidence, of light and describe

qualitatively how visible light is refracted (210-11, 308-10) SCO: describe the laws of reflection of visible light and their applications in everyday life

(308-9)

Materials

Optics Lab Materials: o Station One: Refraction

Ray Box / Laser pointers Convex Lenses Concave Lenses Blank Paper Pencil Ruler Station Outline

o Station Two: Reflection Ray Box / Laser pointers Blue and Red Pens Blank Paper (size of mirror or larger) Pencil Ruler Protractor Plane Mirror Tape Station Outline

Handouts on Lab Reports Reflection and Refraction activities

Plan

Finish up lab work if needed. 5-10 minute teacher-led class discussion debrief of what we observed in our stations, with an emphasis on scientific terminology.

Worksheets on the laws of refraction and reflection are given out – class period to work on them.


10




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Lesson Nine: Refraction and Reflection Activities Mon April 16th (R)

Wed April 18th (G)

Outcomes

SCO: state a conclusion, based on experimental data and evidence, of light and describe

qualitatively how visible light is refracted (210-11, 308-10) describe the laws of reflection of visible light and their applications in everyday life (308-

9)

Materials

Handout from previous class

Plan

Work period to continue with the reflection and refraction worksheets





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Lesson Ten: Reflection and RefractionThurs April 19th (G)

Tues April 17th (R)

Outcomes



9)

Materials

Handout on rainbows

Plan

Give students a task – find out how rainbows are formed (driven by handout questions). They are to use their knowledge of the Properties of Light and personal devices to fill in the handout to explain how rainbows are formed – this will be important information for the quiz and the unit test! Towards the end of the period we will go through the process together as a class.


Assessment

13

Lesson Eleven: In Class Refraction and Reflection QuizMon April 23rd (R+G)

Outcomes



9)

Materials

Open book quiz – when complete students can work on any science work they need to complete or study for the Unit test

Plan

Open-book quiz – set up like a normal test (desks apart, no talking) but students are permitted to use their notes


Assessment Open Book test for refraction and reflection (210-11, 308-10/308-9)

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Lesson Twelve: Electromagnetic Radiation Introduction Mon April 23rd (R)

Wed April 25th (G)

Outcomes

SCO: describe different types of electromagnetic radiation, including infrared, ultraviolet, x-

rays, microwaves, and radio waves (308-11)

Materials

Presentation and/or Video on ER Electromagnetic Waves handout

Plan

Introductory video or presentation (or both) on electromagnetic waves. Students work on reading and handout on electromagnetic waves. Handout includes

information that compares the properties of ER with Light.


Assessment…

15

Lesson Thirteen: Comparing Properties of Light with Electromagnetic Radiation Thurs April 26th – Friday April 27th (G)

Tues April 24th – Friday April 27th (R)

Outcomes

SCO: compare properties of visible light to the properties of other types of electromagnetic

radiation, including infrared, ultraviolet, x-rays, microwaves, and radio waves (308-12)

Materials

Handout from previous class New handout – Venn Diagram

Plan

Students continue working on their handout – during the class, a new sheet is handed out and class is called together to compare ER and Light on the board (likely using a Venn Diagram). They are encouraged to take notes, as this will be a topic on the test.


Assessment…

16

Lesson Fourteen: Unit Test Review Friday April 27th (G+R)

Plan

Overview of the test contents, students given opportunity to study and to ask questions.


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Resources:

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Lesson One: Light Rules Details

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Lesson One: Light Rules Handout

Discovering Light Rules Name:

Class:

Investigating Light Rule 1: What pathway does light always take?

In the box provided, draw a “star” at the source of light, place a “dot” for each of the 4 group members holding a mirror and place an “x” to mark the target for the light.

Draw a line to represent the path of the light. What tool MUST you use to draw the line? _____________

When light hits an object, different things can happen: If it hits a shiny surface it will be ____________________ off its surface.

If it hits a black surface, the light will be _______________ and converted into heat energy.

If light hits a transparent substance (glass) the light _______________the substance.

LIGHT RULE #1:

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

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Investigating Light Rule 2: Can light be scattered?

Draw how light travels through the water in a beaker. Use yellow to show path.

Water is _____________________. (transparent/translucent/opaque)

Draw how light travels through the water with milk in it. Use color to show what you see.

Milk is _________________________. (transparent/translucent/opaque)

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In your own words, describe why light travels through these two liquids differently.

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

LIGHT RULE #2:

_____________________________________________________________

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Investigating Light Rule 3: How does light travel through different substances?

Draw what the straw looks from the side in each situation. Color the straw.

Water Water and Oil

LIGHT RULE #3:

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

Refraction – when light travels between two different materials, the change in speed of light as it moves from one to the other causes light to bend.

Light travels in air at 300 000 km/s or 3.0 x 105km/s. It goes slower in water and even slower in oil.

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Investigating Light Rule 4: How do mirrors reflect light?

Draw your reflection on a plane mirror.

Draw your reflection on the BACK (convex) side of the spoon.

Draw your reflection on the FRONT (concave) side of the spoon.

Reflections in plane mirrors are ___________________ to the object

Reflections in convex mirrors are ______________ and __________ to the object

Reflections in concave mirrors are ______________ and __________ to the object

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LIGHT RULE #4: __________________________________________________

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Investigating Light Rule 5: How does the shape of a lens effect how light travels through it?

When light travels through a convex lens, the resulting image is ______________.

(upside down/right-side up)

When light travels through a concave lens, the resulting image is _____________. (larger/smaller)

LIGHT RULE #5:

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________

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Lesson Two: Properties of Light Reading

Properties of LightHint: when reading, refer to your Light Rules handout to find examples and diagrams of each property of light.

Property One: Light Travels in a Straight Line Unless it Hits Something

Light travels outwards from its source – such as a lamp or the Sun – and spreads out over a large area as it travels. Light will always travel in a straight line as long as nothing disturbs its path. This is why objects cast shadows – when an object obstructs the pathway of light, light beams cannot bend around to fill in the gap created by the object, so there is a lack of light in that area (the shadow). Imagine the light travelling outward in narrow rays – this is called the ray model of light.

Once a light beam hits an object, various changes may happen, depending on the nature of the object that light hits. Shiny surfaces, like a mirror or well-polished metal, will reflect light. Black surfaces, such as asphalt, absorb light and it is converted into heat energy. Clear surfaces or substances do not obstruct light very much, and light will travel right through. Thinker substances or small particles (such as dust) can scatter light.

Property Two: Light can be Scattered and Behaves differently in different substances

Light behaves differently in different substances – transparent substances allow light to travel right through. Translucent substances scatter light.

When light is scattered it is sent off in various directions – the steady beam of light is disrupted. The light is disrupted by undissolved particles, such as milk in water

Property Three: Light can change speed when moving from on substance to another, which causes it to Bend

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Light travels through different substances (media) at different speeds. Light travels more slowly in dense substances, such as water, oil, glass, or plastic. When travelling through air or through a vacuum (such as outer space) light travels approximately 300,000 km/s – the denser the substance the more that speed is reduced.

When light travels between two different materials, the change in the speed of light as it moves from one medium to another causes Refraction – the bending of light. The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to its speed in a substance is called the index of refraction – the higher the index of refraction the more the light bends.

Indexes of Refraction for:

Air: 1.0003Water: 1.33Cottonseed Oil: 1.47

Glass: 1.51

Property Four: Mirrors Reflect Light

Mirrors and other shiny surfaces reflect light.

Plane mirrors are flat surfaces Light that bounces off mirrors and other shiny surfaces is called regular reflection. This type of reflection of light displays an image that more or less accurately reflects the image.

When light hits an irregular surface, such as construction paper or aluminum foil, you see diffuse reflection. The irregular surface diffuses (scatters) the light, making the reflected light bounce off in different directions. As a result, reflected images are very distorted.

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There are two types of curved mirrors that will alter reflected images. Concave mirrors are mirrors that curve in, away from the light being reflected. Convex mirrors are mirrors that curve out towards the light being reflected. These different shapes have different impacts on how images will be displayed – as discussed below.

Property Five: Curved mirrors and lenses reflect light differently

Just as with mirrors, different shaped lenses refraction light. When reflected light rays pass through a convex lens (a lens with a thicker middle) the rays are bent inwards, and the resulting image is inverted – meaning upside down. It will also enlarge the image, and this type of lens is used to magnify objects. The further you move the lens from the object, however, the smaller it will appear – eventually, the object will appear the correct size if it is moved out far enough.

When reflected light passes through a concave lens (a lens with a thinner middle), objects appear right-side up (or congruent), but appear smaller.

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Lesson Two: Properties of Light handout

Read through the Properties of Light notes, and other notes on light sources in your scribbler, to answer the following questions. Some of this material will be on the upcoming Quiz. Make sure that these three pages are glued into your scribbler.

Fill in the Blanks

1. Light is a form of _______________.

2. Light travels in a _______________ from it’s source until it

_______________ something.

3. Black surfaces _______________ light.

4. _______________ reflect light and produce images.

5. When light hits a flat mirror, it reflects at the same _______________ it

hits.

6. Light changes _______________ and bends when it passes through

different substances (e.g. air to water or water to oil).

7. Light rays can be scattered when passing through _______________.

8. _______________ is the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to its

speed in a substance.

9. Light travels right through _______________ objects.

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Short Answer questions:

1. Describe the difference between luminous and nonluminous objects – provide an example of each.

2. List the five Light Rules/Properties of Light that we observed last week:

1. ______________________________

2. ______________________________

3. ______________________________

4. ______________________________

5. ______________________________

3. Which property of light describes why your reflection in aluminium foil looks distorted? Describe why this would happen.

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4. Describe what concave lenses/mirrors are and what sort of image they produce.

5. Opinion: What might happen if a concave and convex lens were fitted together, to make one rectangular lens? (example image provided below) What sort of image do you think would be displayed when light passes through it?

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Lesson Three: Light and Transparency

Light and Transparency

We know that light will always travel in a straight line – until it something gets in its way. Light reacts with materials in different ways, depending upon its transparency. We’ve looked at this before (remember the Light Rules stations!).

Transparency is the measure of how much light can pass through a substance or material. A material can either be transparent, translucent, or opaque.

Transparent material lets light pass through easily and allows a clear image to be seen through the material. For example, air is transparent – it allows the light of the sun and stars to transmit during periods of clear weather, allowing us to observe objects in space.

Translucent materials let light pass through, but scatter the light, so that the image is blurred or indistinct. Clouds are examples of translucent materials. Clouds allow some light to transmit through but the cloudier a day is, the darker it gets. Some sunlight continues to transmit through even heavy cloud or fog, but the level of light is very low compared to clear days.

Opaque objects do not allow any light to pass through. The light is either refracted (remember this term!), reflected, or absorbed. Most, but not all, solid objects are opaque. Some liquids can be opaque as well.

The way in which light acts when it hits a surface is not only determined by its transparency, but also by other physical characteristics. Colour, shininess, and texture also determine how light will interact with a material.

What characteristics of opaque materials may cause light to be absorbed? What about reflected?

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For each material, determine if it is transparent, translucent, or opaque. Afterwards, briefly describe how light will interact with the material. Will it transmit through, be scattered, reflected or absorbed?

Skin:

Black Cardstock:

Orange Juice:

Ice Cubes:

Wood:

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Loose leaf:

Gold:

Each part of your desk and chair:

Aluminum Foil:

Liquid Paint:

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Skin: Translucent – some light will be transmitted, but some is reflected. You can’t see right through skin, but you can often see veins. The outer layer of skin is more transparent, but still translucent – tattoos are inked onto your inner skin layer, not your outer layer – so you are observing ink that is below a layer of skin cells.

Black Cardstock: Opaque, reflective

Orange Juice: Opaque

Ice Cubes: Translucent – images are distorted when looking through it

Wood: Opaque, can be reflective depending on the wood and finish

Loose leaf: Translucent – some light passes through, can slightly see objects through it

Gold: Opaque, reflective

Your desks and chairs: Opaque and reflective, black chairs absorbing light but also reflecting due to being shiny

Aluminum Foil: Opaque, reflective

Liquid Paint: Opaque, sometimes reflective

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Lesson Four-Six: Optical Technologies Project

Optical Technology Project Due: Monday, April 23rd

Choose One of Two Project topics:

Optical Device Research

Research an optical technology or device and explain:

How it works: explain what the device or technology does and how it works – explain in detail what Properties of Light are utilized in its performance or use.

What is it used for and who uses it (organizations, professions, etc.) Describe the history of the device

Human Eye and the Camera

Compare and contrast human eyes and human-made cameras – what parts of the camera compare to the anatomy of human eyes? How does this

biological “device” compare to the artificial one?

You must pick one of four options to present your research findings. More detailed rubrics for each project will be provided to the class soon.

Essay: The essay should be 1 to 2 pages in length, 12pt Times New Roman font, and should address the points above. If you want to include graphics and diagrams (which I would welcome), make sure that if they were removed that the essay would be 1 page in length. With images, it is okay if it is longer.

Informational Poster: This can be done either by hand or using computers. The goal of this informational poster is to describe your technology of choice visually, using both text and images. It should address the points above.

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Multimedia Presentation: A presentation using PowerPoint that incorporates text, images, and audio or visual elements. It should address the points above.

Sourcing: Make sure you include a list of websites from where you get information and images.

You will have several class periods to work on this project, but make sure to use your time wisely – we still be starting a new in-class Lab on Friday, April 13th, and

won’t have any more time in class to work on it after that.

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Lesson Four-Six: Graphic Organizer

Optical Technology Project Due: Monday, April 23rd

How it works: explain what the device or technology does and how it works – explain in detail what Properties of Light are utilized in its performance or use:

What is it used for and who uses it (organizations, professions, etc.):

Describe the history of the device:

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Optical Technology

Human Eyes:

Cameras:

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Lesson Four-Six: Optical Technology Rubric

Optical Devices – Essay Name: __________________

CATEGORY 4 3 2 1Content All three topics

covered in detail – a thorough explanation of how the chosen device works, it’s history, and use is provided.

All three topics are covered, but not all in thorough detail. Some sections lacking detail

One of the sections missing and insufficient detail provided. Essay does not effectively present research findings

Two sections are missing and insufficient detail is provided. Essay does not effectively present research findings

Organization and Mechanics

Essay is well organized and free from grammatical and spelling errors.

Essay is organized but many have 1-4 spelling or grammatical errors.

Essay lacks clear organization or has extensive spelling or grammatical errors.

Essay lacks clear organization and has extensive spelling or grammatical errors.

Conveyance of Information

Information and graphics (optional) effectively explain the poster’s content to the reader.

Information provided explains the content to the reader.

Essay mostly explains content to the reader but some sections are lacking in effectiveness.

Essay does not effectively explain the topic to the reader.

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Eye and Camera – Essay Name: __________________

CATEGORY 4 3 2 1Content The human eye

and camera are compared in great detail.

The human eye and camera are compared in detail.

The comparison is lacking in detail or focuses too heavily on one of the two subjects.

The comparison is lacking in detail and focuses too heavily on one of the two subjects.


Essay is well organized and free from grammatical and spelling errors.

Essay is organized but may have 1-4 spelling or grammatical errors.

Essay lacks clear organization or has extensive spelling or grammatical errors.

Essay lacks clear organization and has extensive spelling or grammatical errors. Sources were not included






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Optical Devices – Poster Name: __________________






Information and Writing

Paragraphs are written in a clear and creative manner and are free from grammatical and spelling errors.

Paragraphs are clearly written but many have 1-4 spelling or grammatical errors.

Paragraphs are insufficient or has extensive spelling or grammatical errors.

Paragraphs are insufficient and has extensive spelling or grammatical errors. Sources were not included

Design Poster is organized creatively. There is a minimum of unused space.

Poster layout is good and makes sense. Most of the space is used well.

Layout is sloppy or there is a lot of wasted space.

Layout is sloppy and there is a lot of wasted space.






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Eye and Camera – Poster Name: __________________


and camera are compared in great detail. Labelled diagrams of both Eyes and Cameras are included

The human eye and camera are compared in detail. Diagrams are included but they are not labelled.

The comparison is lacking in detail or focuses too heavily on one of the two subjects. One or more diagram is missing.

The comparison is lacking in detail and focuses too heavily on one of the two subjects. There are no diagrams.

Information and Writing

Paragraphs are written in a clear and creative manner and are free from grammatical and spelling errors.

Paragraphs are clearly written but many have 1-4 spelling or grammatical errors.

Paragraphs are insufficient or has extensive spelling or grammatical errors.

Paragraphs are insufficient and has extensive spelling or grammatical errors. Sources were not included

Design Poster is organized creatively. There is a minimum of unused space.

Poster layout is good and makes sense. Most of the space is used well.

Layout is sloppy or there is a lot of wasted space.

Layout is sloppy and there is a lot of wasted space.






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Optical Devices – Multimedia Presentation Name: __________________







Presentation is well organized and free from grammatical and spelling errors.

Presentation is organized but many have 1-4 spelling or grammatical errors.

Presentation lacks clear organization or has extensive spelling or grammatical errors.

Presentation lacks clear organization and has extensive spelling or grammatical errors. Sources were not included

Use of Media Presentation creatively uses text, images, and audio or video content.

Presentation uses text, images, and audio or video content. Some aspects added superficially and do not add much to the presentation.

Presentation does not use audio or video elements. Some elements are added superficially and do not add much to the presentation.

Presentation does not use audio or video elements. The presentation is mostly text or mostly images.






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Eye and Camera – Multimedia Presentation Name: __________________


and camera are compared in great detail.

The human eye and camera are compared in detail.

The comparison is lacking in detail or focuses too heavily on one of the two subjects.

The comparison is lacking in detail and focuses too heavily on one of the two subjects.


Presentation is well organized and free from grammatical and spelling errors.

Presentation is organized but many have 1-4 spelling or grammatical errors.

Presentation lacks clear organization or has extensive spelling or grammatical errors.

Presentation lacks clear organization and has extensive spelling or grammatical errors. Sources were not included

Use of Media Presentation creatively uses text, images, and audio or video content.

Presentation uses text, images, and audio or video content. Some aspects added superficially and do not add much to the presentation.

Presentation does not use audio or video elements. Some elements are added superficially and do not add much to the presentation.

Presentation does not use audio or video elements. The presentation is mostly text or mostly images.






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Lesson Seven: Laws of Reflection and Refraction lab

Investigating a Law of Refraction: How is light refracted (bent) by concave and convex lenses?

Refraction is the bending of light when it travels from one medium to another.

Place the ray box at the end of a sheet of paper. Align the ray box so the parallel light beams from the light box shine across the paper.

Place a convex lens on the paper in the path of the light beams.

Record how the light beams change direction as they pass through the lens and into the air. Using a pencil, trace the lens and beams on the paper.

Record your observations (what you saw) here.

Replace the convex lens with the concave lens and turn the paper over. Repeat the steps again. Trace the lens and the direction of the light beams on the paper.

Record your observations (what you saw) here.

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How do concave lenses affect light?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

How do convex lenses affect light?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

List some everyday situations in which people use convex and concave lenses.

_________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________

Can you predict the Law of Refraction?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Investigating Laws of Reflection: How is light reflected by plane mirrors?

Using a ruler, draw a dotted line (pencil) down the centre of the rectangle perpendicular to the long side. This dotted line is called the normal.

Place the mirror, on its edge, at the top line of the rectangle forming a 90° angle with the paper and the normal.

Using a ruler, draw a solid blue line from the mirror end of the dotted line (normal) to the bottom left corner of the rectangle.

Using a laser or a light box, shine a beam of light along the solid blue line and find the reflected blue line in the mirror. What do you notice about the location of this reflected line? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________

Record your observations (what you saw) here:

Using a ruler, draw a dashed blue line in the rectangle, that is the reflection of the solid blue line in the mirror.

Use a protractor to measure the angle from the normal line to the solid blue line. Record the measurement on the angle. Label it the angle of incidence.

Measure the angle from the normal line to the dashed blue line. Record the measurement on the angle. Label it the angle of reflection.

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Repeat using a different colored pen to draw a solid line with a different angle measure.

Record your observations (what you saw) here:

What do you notice about this angle of incidence and its angle of reflection?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Laws of Reflection:

Predict a law of reflection from this station involving the relationship between the Incident (i) and Reflected (r) ray.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Can you predict another Law of Reflection based on the location of the lines and angles?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Lesson Eight and Nine: Reflection and Refraction HandoutConcave and Convex Lenses

Convex Lenses:

Light refracts inwards (convergent) and converges on one point – this is the focal point. The light continues on from there, as shown below.

Convex lenses produce an enlarged image at certain distances – the further you move the lens from the object, the smaller it appears. They are used for most eyeglasses as well as in magnifying glasses.

Because light is refracted inwards, and converges into a focal point before continuing on, some images will appear inverted through a convex lens (upside down).

Concave Lenses:

Concave lenses refraction light outwards (diverging). The light rays diverging produces a smaller image.

Compare these with the characteristics of concave and convex mirrors. How do images appear in concave and convex mirrors?

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Lesson Ten: Concave and Convex Lenses

Name:_________________________________________ Date:_________________

Convex and Concave Lenses

Draw the light rays from the top and bottom of each of these objects going through either a convex or concave lens. Don’t forget to add a picture of the result on the right! Write the type of lens in each set under the lens.

1)

______________________

2)

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______________________

3)

______________________

4)

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______________________

5)

______________________

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Near Sighted (can’t see things far away)

Image falls short of the retina. Corrective lens diverges light rays so they come in at a higher angle towards your eye’s lens – they refract at a wider angle.

Far Sighted (can’t see things close up)

Image goes beyond the retina. Lens focuses image towards your eye’s lens

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Resources for further activities

Rainbows

https://readanddigest.com/how-is-a-rainbow-formed/

http://onetimethrough.com/how-to-make-rainbows-at-home/

https://educators.brainpop.com/lesson-plan/rainbow-lesson-plan-make-rainbow/

Cars heating up in the summer

https://www.autotrader.com/car-video/car-color-test-are-black-cars-really-hotter-in-the-sun-video-242940

https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=4&v=W_2lsMXR_wo

http://www.businessinsider.com/how-white-cars-became-popular-2013-9

http://www.tom-morrow-land.com/tests/cartemp/

https://phys.org/news/2011-10-silver-white-cars-cooler.html

https://auto.howstuffworks.com/under-the-hood/auto-manufacturing/do-black-cars-get-hotter-in-the-summer.htm

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https://phys.org/news/2011-10-silver-white-cars-cooler.html

http://www.tom-morrow-land.com/tests/cartemp/

http://www.businessinsider.com/how-white-cars-became-popular-2013-9

https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=4&v=W_2lsMXR_wo



https://educators.brainpop.com/lesson-plan/rainbow-lesson-plan-make-rainbow/

http://onetimethrough.com/how-to-make-rainbows-at-home/

https://readanddigest.com/how-is-a-rainbow-formed/

Lesson Twelve: Questions and Resources for presentation

What do the following terms have in common? What do each mean?

Visible Light

Radios

Microwave ovens

Frequency

Stars

X-rays

Ultraviolet Radiation

Sunburns

http://www.pbs.org/video/nova-the-electromagnetic-spectrum/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mJlPn46SX84

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mJlPn46SX84

http://www.pbs.org/video/nova-the-electromagnetic-spectrum/

What is the Electromagnetic Spectrum?

Why do you think we can only see Visible Light?

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Lesson Twelve: EMS Research Assignment

Teacher Version

Names of the Spectrum RADIO WAVES

MICRO WAVES

INFARED – Light

Light ULTRAVIOLET

X-RAY GAMMA RAY

Wave length (in order)

Longest wavelengthLowest frequencyLowest energy

Basically heat Shortest wavelengthHighest frequencyHighest energy

How are types of energies used in nature and by society?

Night vision goggles, infrared cameras, incandescent light bulbs, toaster, lamp, tv remotes, bolometers,

Medical Imaging

Used in medicine – treat internal organs. Kill cancer cells and sterilise medical equipment

Radioactive tracers

Discovered early 1900s

What negative impacts (if any) do these energies pose?

Large doses harms skin and other tissues – especially the sun, which is why looking at the sun is dangerous

Concerns about causing cancer by mutating cells due to exposure

Severe Radiation sickness – cause diarrhea, headache, hair loss, skin burns, and poor healing.

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Names of the Spectrum





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Optics Unit: Quiz # 1

Name: _______________________________________ Date: _____________________

Part A

1. List 5 basic properties of light (think of the stations). /5

i.

ii.

iii.

iv.

v.

2. Write the definition of “light.” /2

3. Where does Earth’s light come from? /1

4. How does light travel? /1

5. Name three (3) natural sources of light. /3

______________________ ______________________ ______________________

6. Name three (3) artificial (human-made) sources of light. /3

______________________ ______________________ ______________________

7. During the summer, why are driveways so hot to touch on sunny days? /2

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Light

8. What happens when light passes from one medium to a denser medium (such as from

water to cooking oil)?

Part B: Sources of Light

1. Match the definition with the type of light by writing the correct letter on the line. /5

____1. An electric charge heats a vapour producing ultra violet (UV) radiation that makes a coating on a light bulb glow. Some heat is given off.

____2. Light produced by a chemical reaction inside living organisms.

____3. Energy is absorbed by a material that glows after the energy source is removed.

____4. Light produced by different chemicals mixing together

____5. Light produced by objects that get very hot.

2. Fill out a Pros and Cons chart to compare the three kinds of light bulbs – list at least three things about each light bulb (positive or negative), with at least one positive or negative. /5

Incandescent CFL LED

Pros (Benefits)

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A = Chemiluminescent

B = Incandescent

C = Phosphorescent

D = Bioluminescent

E = Fluorescent

F = Light Emitting Diodes (LED)

Incandescent Bulbs

Compact Fluorescent Bulbs

Light Emitting Diodes (LED)

Cons (Negatives)

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Part C: Transparency and Reflection

Check the correct box to indicate what type of transparency that each item has and state how light behaves by writing the word in the box. /5

Transparent Translucent Opaque Behaviour of Light: Scatters, reflects, absorbs, transmits

Milk Droplets in Water

Clear Glass (such as windows)

Black construction paper

Skin

Aluminum Foil

1. Explain the difference between mirrors and lenses /2

2. Label the two types of mirrors and explain what your reflection would look like in each kind of mirror. /4

Label: __________________ Label: __________________

Image: __________________ Image: __________________

3. Of the two types of lenses we explored in our Light Rules stations, which was best suitable for reading small print? Which type of lens do you think is used to make magnifying glasses? /4

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Optics Unit Quiz 2:

Optics Unit: Open Book Quiz

Name: _______________________________________ Date: _____________________

Part A

4. In the below examples of light rays hitting plane mirrors, label the Line of Incidence and the Normal Line. Find the Angle of Reflection and draw in the Line of Reflection.

/12

Angle: ___________________ Angle: ___________________

Angle: ___________________ Angle: ___________________

5. What is the Law of Reflection? /2

6. In the below diagrams of Lenses, show (draw) how light is refracted when it passes through each. Which causes light to converge and diverge? Make sure you label each type of lens. /4

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Mirror Mirror

Mirror Mirror

Label: __________________ Label: __________________

Part B

3. Name the type of mirror that produces the following images. /3

a. A normal, accurate image of the object: _______________

b. A small image that is upright in a wide view of the area: _______________

c. An enlarged image that is upside down: _______________

4. Name the type of lens that would be most useful for viewing small text or examining objects closely: _______________ /2

5. The other type of lens is called _____________, and produces what type of image? /2

6. Explain why car mirror have warnings that say “Objects in mirror are closer than they appear.” – what type of mirror do they use? /2

7. Why do stores use large convex mirrors, instead of using plane or concave mirrors? /2

8. Imagine you sprayed a soup bowl with reflective paint:

a. Which part of the bowl serves as a convex mirror? /1

b. Which part of the bowl serves as a concave mirror? /1

9. If you were camping and wanted to take a lens with you to start a fire using sunlight and dry leaves, which type of lens would you bring and why? Include a drawing in your answer. /3

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10. List any interesting fact that you’ve learned in your Optical Technology or Eye/Camera research projects.

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Optics Unit Test:

Name: _______________________________________ Date: _____________________

Part A

9. How fast does light travel in a vacuum (such as outer space)? /2

10. Mirrors _________________ light while lenses _________________ light. /2

11. Which car would heat up faster on a sunny day, a white car with beige seats or a black car with dark leather seats? Why is this? /2

12. Write the definition of light. /2

13. Light travels in the form of ________ and in a ________ line. /2

14. Why is your reflection distorted when looking at a lake on a windy day, or at a piece of aluminum foil? /2

15. Name the seven colours that make up white light /7

____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________

____________ ____________

16. Name three natural sources of light /3

_________________ _________________ _________________

17. Name three artificial sources of light /3

_________________ _________________ _________________

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18. Which property of Light is being demonstrated in each lab? /5

Lab Description Property of Light Observed

Light passing through a beaker of milky water appears dispersed and dimmer.Students holding mirrors to reflect light back to its source. A straw observed in a beaker with a layer of oil and a layer of water appears split into two pieces.Your reflection on the back of a spoon appears different than on the front of a spoon.

Part B: True or False

____6. The sun is an example of incandescent light.

____7. Fireflies are an example of man-made light.

____8. You see your image in the water on a lake because regular reflection is happening.

____9. The moon is a luminous object.

____10. The Sun is a luminous object.

____11. Lightning is an example of bioluminescence.

____12. A diffused reflection reflects light in various directions.

____13. Black surfaces absorb light and change it into heat.

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____14. Light changes speed as it moves from one medium to another

____15. Curved mirrors reflect an accurate image.

Part C: Reflection and Refraction7. Label the below types of mirrors and describe what type of image that would be reflected

by them. /4

Label: __________________ Label: __________________

Image: __________________ Image: __________________

8. Describe how the images in the mirrors are different from their lens counterparts. /4

9. In the below diagrams of Lenses, show (draw) how light is refracted when it passes through each. Which causes light to converge and diverge? Make sure you label each type of lens. /4

Label: __________________ Label: _________________

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10. In the below examples of light rays hitting plane mirrors, label the Line of Incidence and the Normal Line. Find the Angle of Reflection and draw in the Line of Reflection.

/12

Angle: ___________________ Angle: ___________________

Angle: ___________________ Angle: ___________________

11. What is the Law of Reflection? /2

Part D: Light Bulb Efficiency

11. In your opinion, which light bulb is the best choice to buy? What are the pros and cons of that light bulb? Explain and support your answer /5

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Incandescent Bulbs


Mirror Mirror

Mirror Mirror

Part E: Electromagnetic Spectrum

1. Rank the six regions of the Electromagnetic Spectrum from longest to shortest wave length.

2. Where do natural waves from the electromagnetic spectrum come from? /4

3. Match the type of Electromagnetic Wave with the following sentences. Some might have multiple correct options. /8

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Incandescent Bulbs


Gamma Rays, Radio Waves, Micro Waves, X-Rays, Ultraviolet Waves, Infrared Waves

A = Radio Waves

B = Micro Waves

C = Infrared Waves

____1. These are used to kill cancer cells and to sterilize medical equipment.

____2. These pass through the skin and tissues but are absorbed by the calcium in bones, and this quality makes them useful for medical examinations.

____3. Also called thermal radiation, these rays allow organisms and technology to detect heat.

____4. These waves are used for heating.

____5. Some companies us lamps that utilize these types of waves to sterilize food and drug products.

____6. These waves are very dangerous when in contact with human eyes – this is partly why staring at the sun can damage your vision.

____7. Over exposure to these waves can cause cancer, among other conditions.

____8. These waves provide humans with vitamin D, but over exposure can be harmful.

____9. Humans use artificial versions of these waves to transmit information in technologies such as cell phones, radios, and televisions.

____10. Highly amplified versions of these waves are used to form laser beams.

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A = Radio Waves

B = Micro Waves

C = Infrared Waves

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