INTRODUCTION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS USED IN AMALGAM FILLING

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Dental Mirror:-• Used for indirect vision.• To hold retract your tongue, lips or cheeks.• Tendor to perkashan (TTP).• From the back portion of the mirror we check tht tooth is realy fractured or not.• We wil strike the back portion of the mirror to the patient’s tooth if patient wil blink his/her eye it means tht it is painful and it is fractured.

Tweezer:-•To hold cotton roll.• To hold different material.• To transfer any material in and out of cavity.

Probe:- (Explorer)• It is sickle shaped.• Used to detect the tooth decay.• To check bifurcation & furcation. Furcationmean branches.• To check the carious region.

If we apply probe on tooth and if it move smoothly on surface so it means there is no carious region, there is only stain so we wil not cavity prep and filling.

Mortar & Pistile:-Mortar is thick like a bowl and pistele is thin like a pencil.

• Used to mix the alloy powder and mercury to make a homogenous mixture.

Amalgam Gun:- (carier)Gun shaped.

• Used to carry amalgam and dispense the amalgam in cavity.

OR

Cement Spatula:-• Used for mixing.

Tofflemire matrix band retainer:-

• Used to hold the matrix band.• To maintain stability of matrix • band during condensation of • restorations

Parts Of Tofflemire Matrix Band Retainer:- Adjusting Nut Locking Nut used for tight. Retaining screw Two slots Head (u-shaped) Vise (box shaped)

Locking Nut

Adjusting Nut

Slots

HeadVise

Retaining Screw

Matrix Band:-It has a concave surface (upward) & one convex (downward). The conxity of matrix band should put up on the occlusal surface.

• Used to support the wall of class II.• To replace missing proximal walls of • cavity preparation for condensation • of restorative material

Wooden Wedge:-Pointed sharp part should be apply b/w the teeth.

• Used to tight the matrix band.• Used to comress the gingiva.• used to separate the very tight band.• To hold matrix band in place • along gingival margin of class II.

Wooden wedge absorb saliva then they expand and fill the space b/w tooth, and it has low strength as compared to plastic wedge.

Matrix bands

Condenser:-• Used to condense the amalgam.• Used for packing the amalgam into cavity.

Burnisher:-One end of burnisher is egg type shaped & other end is T-shaped.

• Used for burnishing.

Excavator:-Spoon shaped.

• To remove temporary fillings.• To remove soft caries or dentine.• Scoope out/excavate soft dentine.

Dycal Applicator:-Small ball shaped at the tip of it.

• Used for application of lining.

Carver:-1-Fraham’s Carver:kite shaped.

2-Ward’s Carver:-Pointed, sharp edges.

• Both carver is used to remove the excessive material.• To produce the normal tooth anatomy.

Plastic Instrument:-Hockey shaped.

• Used for application of composites.• To carry composite material for • cavity preparation, and shape • composite,

Micro Brush:-Small plastic instrument with small fiber bristled head.

• Use to apply primer, dentine bond, enamel bond, sealants.

Mylar strips:-Straight strips same as matrix band.

• Thin clear strip used to isolate cavity prep.• Able to use cure light b/c it is plastic strip.

Curing Light:-Material must be cured in increments of 2 mm or less, need to be above 300 wavelength.

• To harden light-cure materials, bonding, composites, sealants, cements, build up.

Bonding Agents:-Differs in generation, all in one unit, 3 step, 2 step, brands require different techniques

• Acts as an adhesive between the tooth and the composite material.

Etch:-White syringe in which blue gel type material is filled.

• To remove smear layer and prepare tooth for bonding.

Dycal (Calcium Hydroxide Composition):-

A base and catalyst paste, mixes together to form a tan paste, self sets. 1:1 ratio mix .

• Used for indirect pulp cap, protective liner for deep cavities .

Packable Composite:-Different grits: coarse to extra- fine; various sizes; snap-on (with metal center) or screw-on

•To contour (coarse grit) or polish and smooth (extra-fine grit) restorative material.

Polishing Disc :-Either in a syringe or composite tip. Composite tip requires composite gun.

• Low viscosity.• High filler.• Used as permanent restorative material.

GIC Powder and Liquid

Alloy Powder

Mercury Dispenser

Amalgam Alloy powder + Mercury

Varnish

Function:- It prevent microleakage. when marginal seals break it can cause secondary caries so varnish is applied. GIC is soluble so varnish prevent water contemination.

Alginate SpatullaUsed for mixing alginate.

Wax KnifeUsed for cutting excessive wax.

Wax CarverUsed for carving wax.

Plaster Spatula

Used for mixing gypsum and plaster products.

Cavity Conditioner

Work similar as etch, use to prepare the tooth for glass ionomer restoration.

Flowable Composite

Low viscosity, use in small areas and before the placement of packable composite.

Plaster Knife

Use for cutting extra plaster.

Manipulative Variables Of Amalgam Filling:- Examination Cavity prep Application of matrix band Lining Trituration/mixing Dispensing of amalgam Condensation Pre-carve burnishing Carving Post-carve burnishing Finishing Polishing

Some Terms Are Defined Here1. Mesio-Occlus0-Disatl (MOD) caries on mesial

& distal surface of class-II and on occlusal surface of class I.

2. Compound Caries on 2 surfaces.3. Complex Caries on 3 surfaces.

MANIPULATION Of Amalgam

1- Examination:-Before making cavity in patients mouth, we will examine the patient by examination instruments that is there any carious region or only stained area. Examination instruments are: dental mirror, probe/explorer, tweezer.We will use probe to check the caries. If probe moves smoothly on the surface of tooth so it means there is no caries only stained area is there but if probe moves roughly on the surface of tooth it means there is caries and then we will cavity prep.

2- Application Of Matrix band:-Fix the matrix band into tofflimire matrix band retainer .

3- cavity Prep:-Cavity is prepared on the patient’s tooth where carious region is present. Cavity can be of many types i.e. class-I cavity, class-II cavity, class-III, class-IV, class-V. the depth of the cavity is normally 1.5 but mostly it depends on caries. Hand piece is an instrument which is used for cavity prep.

4- Lining:-Lining is done before amalgam filling to protect the pulp b/c amlgam can cause microleakage. It can harm the pulp. Most commonly GIC powder & liquid is used for lining but some time calcium hydroxide is also used.GIC powder & liquid is taken on a glass slab with cement spatula to make a mixture of it for lining. It is applied in cavity for lining by using dycal applicator. Note:-always mix powder in liquid.

5- Mixing / Trituration:-After lining alloy powder & mercury is mixed. Take alloy powder & mercury in mortar and mix it with pestle to make a homogenous mixture. Carry amlgam with amalgam gun and dispense it in cavity for filling.

6- Dispensing Of Amalgam:-

7- Condensation:-After applying or dispensing amlgam into cavity, we have to pack amalgam properly into cavity with the help of condensor.

8- Pre-carve Burnishing:-Pre-carve burnishing is done to bring excessive mercury on surface.

9- Carving:-To remove excessive material with carver and also carving is done to reproduce normal tooth anatomy.

10- Post-carve Burnishing:-It is done to smoothen the surface and finish the surface and to give shine the surface with the help of burnisher.

11- Finishing:-By smoothing the surface and removing excess material.

12- Polishing:-Polishing done by polishing discs.

Instruments Used For Cavity Prep:-1) High speed hand piece2) Probe3) Bur

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Examination Instruments:-1) Probe(explorer)2) Tweezer3) Mouth mirror

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Instruments used In Amalgam Filling:-1) Tofflemire matrix band retainer2) Matrix Band3) Mortar & pistile4) Amalgam gun5) Cement spatula6) excavator7) Dycal applicator8) Fraham’s carver9) ward’s carver10) Burnisher11) Condenser12) wooden wedge13) plastic instrument14) Alloy15) Mercury16) GICpowder & liquid for lining17) Plastic instrument.

Instruments Used In Composite Filling:-1) packable composite2) Polishing disc3) Micro brush4) Mylar strips5) Curing light6) Bonding agent7) Etch8) Dycal (base & crystal)

Class I Cavity

Class II Cavity

Class III Cavity

Class V Cavity

Class IV Cavity

Die Stone

Dental stone(Yellow Colour)

Dental plaster(white Colored)

Peech Colour

Flourescent Yellow