• Operational burnout: “a result of the psychological and emotional demand of the relationships between caregivers and their patients”

(Garrosa, Rainho, Moreno-Jimenez& Monteiro, 2010)

• “Burnout is a state of emotional, mental, and physical exhaustion caused by excessive and prolonged stress. It occurs when you feel overwhelmed and unable to meet constant demands”

(Smith, Jaffe-Gill, Segal & Segal)

• Psychological problemsPsychological problems

• Somatic and physiological arousalSomatic and physiological arousal

• Reduced immunityReduced immunity

• Lower mortality and productivityLower mortality and productivity

• Increased Absenteeism, job turnoverIncreased Absenteeism, job turnover

and drug useand drug use

(Garrosa, Rainho, Morino- Jimenez& Monteiro, 2010) (Garrosa, Rainho, Morino- Jimenez& Monteiro, 2010)

• High Self-Esteem• Hardy Personalities• Self Efficacy• Sense of Coherence• Optimism

(Garrosa, Rainho, Morino- Jimenez & Monteiro, 2010)

• Low levels of hardiness• External Locus of Control• Passive Defensive Coping Styles• Low Self-Esteem• Anxiety, Hostility, Depression, Self-

Consciousness, Impulsivity, and Vulnerability

• Sensitivity• Introversion

(Gustafsson,Persson,Erikson,Norburg & Strandberg,2009)

• Exposure to pain and death• Role stress and overload• Lack of supervisors support• Misguided expectations• Inadequate physical conditions• Interpersonal conflicts• Lack of communication• Lack of knowledge and decision making latitude• Increased complexity and demand of most job descriptions• Unpredictability in job routine• Unrealistic expectations of patients and families

(Garrosa, Rainho, Morino- Jimenez& Monteiro, 2010) (Mealer,Burnham,Goode,Rothbaum&Moss,2009)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6_D29DnH0Q0

• Burnout is a gradual process, it happens over time, not suddenly. If you pay attention to signs and symptoms of burnout, you can avoid a breakdown:

• Physical• Emotional• Behavioral

• Depression• Insomnia• High blood pressure• Headache

(Smith, Jaffe-Gill, Segal & Segal)

• Increased irritability

• Feeling sick a lot, lowered immunity

• Feeling tired, drained most of the time

• Sense of failure• Feeling hopeless• Loss of motivation

(Smith, Jaffe-Gill, Segal & Segal)

• Cynical, negative outlook

• No longer enjoying going to work

• Isolating yourself from others

• Taking longer to get things done

• Using food, alcohol or drugs to cope

(Smith, Jaffe-Gill, Segal & Segal)

• Skipping work or coming in late

• Having difficulty focusing

Those in high risk areas: Neo-natal nursesOncology nursesCritical care nursesEmergency department nursesHostile managementPoor organizationHigh nurse to patient ratios

(Wollf, 2010)

Those with stressful personal lives:

Nurses with young children

Nurses with the recent death of a loved one

Nurses with stressful personal/family relationships

(Wollf, 2010)

• Be well informed about the job position

a. scope of responsibilities

b. workloadc. supervision

• Seek out helpful supervision

(Smith, Jaffe-Gill, Segal & Segal)

• Feel comfortable with yourself, set limits

• Encourage and practice good communication

• Learn how to manage stress

• Healthy eating, exercising and sleeping habits

• Take a break from technology

• Relaxation techniques such as meditation

(Smith, Jaffe-Gill, Segal & Segal)

• Develop an active outside life

• Build a positive support system

(Smith, Jaffe-Gill, Segal & Segal)

To relax try:

Favorite activitiesRunningYogaExercisingSwimmingGuided imageryReadingPut together a puzzleAnything that makes you relax!

(Smith, Jaffe-Gill, Segal & Segal)

Guided imagery example…. ???? Discuss with girls

(Smith, Jaffe-Gill, Segal & Segal)

Get support!

Talk to someone

Share feelings

Let out frustrations

DO NOT ISSOLATE YOURSELF!!!!

(Smith, Jaffe-Gill, Segal & Segal)

Reevaluate goals and priorities

Think about:

Hopes

Goals

Dreams

Are you neglecting something?

(Smith, Jaffe-Gill, Segal & Segal)

Acknowledge losses

Recognize lossesMake a listReflect on losses

Grieve over lossesDreams over why you entered careerLoss of job identityLoss of physical/emotional energyLoss of friends/familyLoss of esteem, self-worthLoss of joy that makes work/life

worthwhile(Smith, Jaffe-Gill, Segal & Segal)

Change!

Stop doing what you’re doing

Change jobs (if possible)Different floorDifferent employer

Change careers (if possible)

(Smith, Jaffe-Gill, Segal & Segal)

• “A mentally or emotionally disruptive or upsetting condition occurring in response to adverse external influences and capable of affecting physical health, usually characterized by increased heart rate, a rise in blood pressure, muscular tension, irritability, and depression.”

• “Physical or emotional exhaustion, especially as a result of long-term stress or dissipation.”

• “One who is worn out physically or emotionally, as from long-term stress.”

www.dictionary.reference.com

• Too much pressure/demand• Over engagement• Over reactive emotions• Urgency and hyperactivity• Loss of energy• Leads to anxiety disorders• Primary damage is physical

(Smith, Jaffe-Gill, Segal & Segal)

• Feel empty• Disengagement• Emotions are blunted• Helplessness and

hopelessness• Loss of motivation,

ideals• Leads to detachment

and depression• Primary damage is

emotional

References• Garrosa, E., Rainho, C., Moreno-Jimenez, B., & Monteiro, M. (2010). The relationship

between job stressors, hardy personality, coping resources and burnout in a sample of nurses: A

correlation study at two time points. International Journal of Nursing, 1(47), 205-215. • Gustafsson, G., Persson, B., Eriksson, S., Norberg, A., & Strandberg, G. (2009). Personality

traits among burnt out and non-burnt out health care personnel at the same workplace: A pilot study. International Journal of Mental Health, 2(19), 336-348.

• Mealer, M., Burnham, E., Goode, C., Rothbaum, B., & Moss, M. (2009). The prevalence and impact of post traumatic stress disorder and burnout syndrome in nurses.

Depression and Anxiety, 2(26), 1118-1126. • Nurses Neighborhood, nursing profession resource for nurses and nursing students. (n.d.).

Nurses Neighborhood, nursing profession resource for nurses and nursing students. Retrieved

February 11, 2010, from http://www.nurses-neighborhood.com/• Preventing Burnout | LIVESTRONG.COM. (n.d.). LIVESTRONG.COM - Health, Fitness,

Lifestyle | LIVESTRONG.COM. Retrieved February 11, 2010, from http://www.livestrong.com/article/14719- preventing-burnout/#JUMP4

• Smith, M., Jaffe-Gill, E., Segal, J., & Segal, R. (n.d.). Preventing Burnout: Signs, Symptoms, Causes, and Coping Strategies. Helpguide.org: Understand, Prevent and Resolve

Life's Challenges. Retrieved February 11, 2010, from http://www.helpguide.org/mental/burnout_signs_symptoms.htm 

• Wollf, J. (2010). About nursing burnout occur. Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/about_4694973_nursing-burnout-occur.html