operating systems - inf.uni-konstanz.de · operating systems • prof. dr. marc h. scholl • dbis...

Operating SystemsBachelor and Master Studies

Information Engineering

Marc H. Scholl, Alexander Holupirek & Stefan KlingerSummer Term 2009

Operating Systems • Prof. Dr. Marc H. Scholl • DBIS • U KN • Summer Term 2009

0. Introducing

Operating Systems

2


Schedule for today

• Welcome all!• Your lecturers

• Organizational matters

• 0. Introduction: Bird's eye perspective on OS• What is an Operating System?

• Main Features

• Course Outline

3

http://www.dict.cc/englisch-deutsch/bird%27s.html

http://www.dict.cc/englisch-deutsch/bird%27s.html

http://www.dict.cc/englisch-deutsch/eye.html

http://www.dict.cc/englisch-deutsch/eye.html

http://www.dict.cc/englisch-deutsch/perspective.html

http://www.dict.cc/englisch-deutsch/perspective.html


Welcome all!

4


Your Lecturer

• Marc H. SchollHead of Database & Information Systems Group (DBIS)

☞ E 211 ☎ 88-4432

[email protected]

http://www.informatik.uni-konstanz.de/~scholl

• Want to talk to me?• Stop by. [Or send an email first.]

5

mailto:[email protected]


http://www.inf.uni-konstanz.de/~scholl

http://www.inf.uni-konstanz.de/~scholl


Your Tutors

• Alexander HolupirekResearch Assistant

Database and Information Systems Group (DBIS)

☞ E 203 ☎ 88-4039

[email protected]

http://www.inf.uni-konstanz.de/~holupire

• Just drop by or send an e-mail.

6






Your Tutors

• Stefan KlingerResearch Assistant

Database and Information Systems Group (DBIS)

☞ E 217 ☎ 88-4449

[email protected]

http://www.inf.uni-konstanz.de/~klinger

7






Organizational Matters

8

http://www.dict.cc/englisch-deutsch/organizational.html

http://www.dict.cc/englisch-deutsch/organizational.html

http://www.dict.cc/englisch-deutsch/matters.html

http://www.dict.cc/englisch-deutsch/matters.html


StudIS

• European Credit Transfer System (ECTS)• Please register for the course using StudIS

• Credits (ECTS) and the ‘Schein’ will be issued by this system

1 http://www.uni-konstanz.de/studis

9

http://www.dict.cc/englisch-deutsch/European.html

http://www.dict.cc/englisch-deutsch/European.html

http://www.dict.cc/englisch-deutsch/Credit.html

http://www.dict.cc/englisch-deutsch/Credit.html

http://www.dict.cc/englisch-deutsch/Transfer.html

http://www.dict.cc/englisch-deutsch/Transfer.html

http://www.dict.cc/englisch-deutsch/System.html

http://www.dict.cc/englisch-deutsch/System.html

http://www.dict.cc/englisch-deutsch/ECTS.html

http://www.dict.cc/englisch-deutsch/ECTS.html

http://www.informatik.uni-konstanz.de/organisation/systemadministration/nutzeraccounts/



Local Unix Account and Mailing List

• The old and famous Accounttool 1

• Creates/prolongs your personal UNIX account at the department 2

• Registers you to the mailing list of the course:

[email protected]

• If you have just created your account• ... you have to get your password

• Sekretariat ☞ E 210, Barbara Lüthke ³

1 http://www.informatik.uni-konstanz.de/organisation/systemadministration/nutzeraccounts/

2 http://www.informatik.uni-konstanz.de/organisation/systemadministration/nutzeraccounts/anmeldung/

3 http://www.informatik.uni-konstanz.de/~luethke/

10



http://www.informatik.uni-konstanz.de/organisation/systemadministration/nutzeraccounts/anmeldung/

http://www.informatik.uni-konstanz.de/organisation/systemadministration/nutzeraccounts/anmeldung/

http://www.informatik.uni-konstanz.de/~luethke/

http://www.informatik.uni-konstanz.de/~luethke/


LSF Registration

• Please additionally register to the course using LSF1

• We want to use this course to prepare the upcoming registration mode for the next terms, i.e.,• Register once for a lecture (via LSF)

• Triggers UNIX account registrations

• Enables mailing list

• Registers to tutorials ...

• StudIS will then be used just for exam registration and crediting.

11

1 http://lsf.uni-konstanz.de

http://lsf.uni-konstanz.de

http://lsf.uni-konstanz.de


Course Facts

• Weekly lecture• Monday, 12:00 - 14:00

• D 247

• Webseite 1

• Credits and Schein

• 6 ECTS (‘Inf. der Systeme’ 2)

• Final exam at the end of the term

2 http://www.informatik.uni-konstanz.de/studieren/pruefungsordnungen/

1 http://www.informatik.uni-konstanz.de/arbeitsgruppen/dbis/lehre/operating-systems/

• Weekly tutorial• Tuesday, 16:00 - 18:00

• C 252

• 10 Assignments

• > 90% ➛ 0.7 to final grade

• 80% - 90% ➛ 0.3 to final grade

12

http://www.informatik.uni-konstanz.de/studieren/pruefungsordnungen/

http://www.informatik.uni-konstanz.de/studieren/pruefungsordnungen/

http://www.informatik.uni-konstanz.de/arbeitsgruppen/dbis/lehre/operating-systems/



Accompanying literature

13


Two Main Textbooks for this Course

14

• Eduard Glatz: Betriebssysteme - Grundlagen, Konzepte, Systemprogrammierung dpunkt.verlag, Heidelberg, 2006lbs 843/g51, kid 270:n/g51(Local copies Bib U KN)

• Abraham Silberschatz, Peter Baer Galvin, Greg Gagne:Operating Systems Concepts,Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ, 2005lbs 843/s45(7), kid 270/p29(7) (Local copies Bib U KN)

• Both come with sets of lecture slides, we use parts of both of them

http://w4.ub.uni-konstanz.de/libero/WebOpac.cls?VERSION=2&ACTION=DISPLAY&RSN=1930434&DATA=KON&TOKEN=rUhbnRaJEi2328&Z=1&SET=1





Two Textbooks for the Tutorial

15

• Stevens, W. Richard, Rago, Stephen A.: Advanced programming in the Unix environment Addison-Wesley, Boston, Munich, 2008lbs 843/s92(2), kid 346:un/s92a(2)(Local copies Bib U KN)

• Kernighan, Brian W., Ritchie, Dennis M.:The C programming language,Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1988lbs 843/k27a, kid 248/k27(2) (Local copies Bib U KN)

http://w4.ub.uni-konstanz.de/libero/WebOpac.cls?VERSION=2&ACTION=DISPLAY&RSN=1966677&DATA=KON&TOKEN=tblvOk4DU93221&Z=1&SET=1


http://w4.ub.uni-konstanz.de/libero/WebOpac.cls?TERM='KERNIGHAN*BRIAN*W'&KEY=ku&TYPE=A&ACTION=RELATE&VERSION=2&TOKEN=tblvOk4DU93221&DATA=KON

http://w4.ub.uni-konstanz.de/libero/WebOpac.cls?TERM='KERNIGHAN*BRIAN*W'&KEY=ku&TYPE=A&ACTION=RELATE&VERSION=2&TOKEN=tblvOk4DU93221&DATA=KON




Introduction

16


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Operating Systems ... ?

17

„Glatz“-slide


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Ressource Manager

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System Software

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23


Computing System Components

24

1.6 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne ©2005Operating System Principles

Four Components of a Computer SystemFour Components of a Computer System

„Silberschatz“-slide


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Computer Systems

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Kinds of Operating Systems

26


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Kinds of Operating Systems

27

Operating Systems • Prof. Dr. Marc H. Scholl • DBIS • U KN • Summer Term 2009 28


Operating System StructureOperating System Structure

! Multiprogramming needed for efficiency

" Single user cannot keep CPU and I/O devices busy at all times

" Multiprogramming organizes jobs (code and data) so CPU always hasone to execute

" A subset of total jobs in system is kept in memory

" One job selected and run via job scheduling

" When it has to wait (for I/O for example), OS switches to another job

! Timesharing (multitasking) is logical extension in which CPU switchesjobs so frequently that users can interact with each job while it is running,creating interactive computing

" Response time should be < 1 second

" Each user has at least one program executing in memory !process

" If several jobs ready to run at the same time ! CPU scheduling

" If processes don!t fit in memory, swapping moves them in and out torun

" Virtual memory allows execution of processes not completely inmemory


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OS Architectures

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Operating Modes

30


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Privileges in 68k Series Computers

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Privileges in Intel Series Computers

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Machine Instructions vs. Modes

33


Mode Switching

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Transition from User to Kernel ModeTransition from User to Kernel Mode

! Timer to prevent infinite loop / process hogging resources

" Set interrupt after specific period

" Operating system decrements counter

" When counter zero generate an interrupt

" Set up before scheduling process to regain control or terminate

program that exceeds allotted time


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01$231$"4.#"5"$5+6

!"#$"%&'"("%

)*#+,*#"&'"("%

-."#&'"("%

!"#$"%&'"("%

71#"%4.5&'('#")-8/0%"&.12.3.4"59

:$;<"'''#"5"$5+6'4.5&'('#")-86#78"..87$4#7%&.12.3.4"59

.="%>?"$4@"$31A#5+6

:$;<"'';$4<5#"%A5+6

B+#"$4:$;<"''4C;))5+%D1#%;+

:5EE"$5+6821//"#&8*89"9

85"57#35*$*:"5"$49

8.89"+1%0$:9

8;<=9

F"%>?"+-889*#*84"#9 !A;>D-82%78>9

G"$H#"#$"%&"$-82"@%>"-2$%@"$9

!"+5#<"$=$;6$1))"

.('#")15E$5E4.>?+%##'#"AA"-8.3.4"5&8*%%&0$4"#/*8"9

:$;6$1))&%&A%;#?"D

Ex: System V

38


!"#$%&'()*&+,*(-.)/ 012'&34$

!"#$%"&''('#")"

*%+,-.'/0111234

!"#$%&'(#

)#$*#+%&'(#

56$,.6$"78&'#$69#%-+'':;%:;#/<,-$(.-$#%/0"1$-213'*%4-5#$6%,/4=

56$,.6$"

>$6?%9#$"%&"$<7$-8932"%:$3;#$=

@"$+/<)#$*#+=

>"$A#"7/B+,/C6#"%'('#")7#$"%&"$/<:#;32#%-*(%<3+#=5"1#>:$3;#$=

DE"9B#%F"/<?@#2A13;#=

G"E#7/B+,/>$6?%9/D%+72

H('#"),%"+'#7I"$#"%J"$/<=5"1#>%"#$;32#%(3"8-129#$=

8B'K6&"/<>CL7/B+,MHDN/@-)O-+"+#"=

H('#")7G;$"6,'

H('#"),%"+'#74$-P"''"=#$;32#%8$'B2#""#"=

H('#");%J?'74$-P"''"/<"5"B1#>%"A88'$18$'2#""#"=

!"+B#P"$78OOJ%96#%-+"+

M)K"&B+K'7HB&'('#")"<?*;3$'*>#*1"A0"5"1#>"=

HB&'('#")74$-K$6))&%&J%-#;"9"+/<D+F%$-+)"+#/CQQR'=

Ex: MS Windows

39


!"#$%&'()*&+,*(-.)/ 012'&344

!"#$%"&''('#")"

*+,+-./&'#$01#%23"3.04'.!"34#5"$6.437.83#9%:1;"$'%:<#

! 5678,"!8'1(3"*739&(*8:&,7';+8<

==>3'(8*'8'?&39&@'&(*(-3&,/A-2';+&(

! 5678,"!8'1(3"*73BC78&/=3*(@3D(8E';!2&,7';+8<

==>3D'()";++&'83@&,3F,1-,"//'&,*(-

==>302&G'6'2'8H83@*,;+3I("6+H(-'!&'83?1(3J&;+(&,#2"88)1,/3K3F&,'#+&,'&

OS = Abstract Machine Interface

40


!"#$%&'()*&+,*(-.)/ 012'&345

!"#$%"&''('#")"

*&'#$+,#%-./+0'/!".0#1"$'%23#

4"5".'6#1"

! 6'()"7+&3*(83'(9*'9':&3;'<*"2'<'&,*(-3:1(=

>3-&<#&'7+&,9&,3?()1,/"9'1(

>3;1,-@(-&(38&,3A"9&(:&,",B&'9*(-

! 6))'C'&(9&3A"9&("B2"-&3*(83;&,",B&'9*(-

! D'<91,'<7+3B&8'(-9=

>3E&<<1*,7&(>3*(83F&'<9*(-<B&-,&(C*(-&(

>3E&7+(&,B&(*9C&,3/&'<930"7+2&*9&

>3!&'(&36'('-!&'93B&CG-2'7+3A",<9&22*(-3:1(3E&7+(&,1BH&!9&(

! FI<*(-3/'99&2<3J&9"#+&,(=

!"#$%&'()'*(+,, -..&/*0)'*(+,, 1'+&'('2-..&/*0)'*(+,,'

)'2& K!9& A"9&'L3&2&!9,1('<7+&<3A1!*/&(9

)128&, D@(-&/"##& M,8(&,L3;&,C&'7+('<

User I/F

41


Abstraction of Varying Device-I/Fs

42


!"#$%&'()*&+,*(-.)/ 012'&345

!"#$%"&''('#")"

*&'#$+,#%-./+0'/1('#")2/0.3/4.#5%6,7"$'%68#

9.%:"$'"77"/;"$5".3&+$,"%#/30$68/<"''-0$6".+&'#$+,#%-.

! 6789,"!9'1(3:1(3;(89,*!9'1(88"9<",=+'9&!9*,3>?7&(&3@&83A,1<&881,9B#8C

! 6789,"!9'1(3:1(3<&(9,"2&,3D&=+(&,+",@E",&3>?7&(&3@&,3FB89&/#2"9'(&C

! 6789,"!9'1(3@&,3?'(G3H36*8-"7&8=+('9989&22&(

! 6789,"!9'1(3:1(3!1(!,&9&,3A&,'#+&,'&

=$->"''+&'#$+,#%-.

! I&@&,3"*8-&)J+,9&3A,1<&883+"938=+&'(7",3D&=+(&,3)J,38'=+3"22&'(&

! ?'(-&8&9<9&3K'99&2L

G3M&'9/*29'#2&N3@&,3OAP

G3D"*//*29'#2&N3@&836,7&'988#&'=+&,8

!"%'?%"7/9@AB

! M&(9,"2&3?(9E*,)8#+'2181#+'&(L3!"#$%"&'#(")#%*+3*(@3,(*-$''"&'#(")#%*+

System Internals

43


Storage Device Hierarchy

44


Programs vs. Processes

45


Process ManagementProcess Management

! A process is a program in execution. It is a unit of work within the system.Program is a passive entity, process is an active entity.

! Process needs resources to accomplish its task

" CPU, memory, I/O, files

" Initialization data

! Process termination requires reclaim of any reusable resources

! Single-threaded process has one program counter specifying location ofnext instruction to execute

" Process executes instructions sequentially, one at a time, untilcompletion

! Multi-threaded process has one program counter per thread

! Typically system has many processes, some user, some operating systemrunning concurrently on one or more CPUs

" Concurrency by multiplexing the CPUs among the processes / threads


Process Management

46


Process Management ActivitiesProcess Management Activities

The operating system is responsible for the following activities in

connection with process management:

! Creating and deleting both user and system processes

! Suspending and resuming processes

! Providing mechanisms for process synchronization

! Providing mechanisms for process communication

! Providing mechanisms for deadlock handling


Intended Schedule

47


Intended Schedule

Date Lecture Hand out Submission

0 20.04. Introducing Operating Systems Course registrationCourse registration1 27.04. Systems Programming using C 1. Assignment2 04.05. Program Execution, System Calls 2. Assignment 1. Assignment3 11.05. Processes (Scheduling ...) 3. Assignment 2. Assignment4 18.05. Synchronization (Semaphors, Deadlocks ...) 4. Assignment 3. Assignment5 25.05. IPC (Pipes, Signals, Shared Memory ...) 5. Assignment 4. Assignment6 01.06. Pfingstmontag 6. Assignment 5. Assignment7 08.06. Input / Output 7. Assignment 6. Assignment8 15.06. Memory Management 8. Assignment 7. Assignment9 22.06.

Filesystems9. Assignment 8. Assignment

10 29.06.Filesystems

10. Assignment 9. Assignment11 06.07. Special subject: Transactional Memory 10. Assignment12 13.07. Special subject: XQuery your Filesystem13 20.07. Wrap up session

✏27.07. First examination dateFirst examination dateFirst examination date

✏ 12.10. Second examination dateSecond examination dateSecond examination date

48


Next lecture

• Next lecture:• Systems Programming using C (1/3), 27.04., 12:00 - 14:00, D 247

• Next tutorial:• Systems Programming using C (2/3), 28.04., 16:00 - 18:00, C 252

• Slides:http://www.informatik.uni-konstanz.de/arbeitsgruppen/dbis/lehre/operating-systems/

• Have fun and see you next week!

49



operating systems - inf.uni-konstanz.de · operating systems • prof. dr. marc h. scholl • dbis...

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