operating systems
DESCRIPTION
Operating Systems. Topic . Contents. Operating system Windows Apple Linux. Operating System. Operating system – a program that runs on a computer and controls the hardware Trend – strong graphical user interface Users use a mouse to click on pictures or icons - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
OPERATING SYSTEMS
Topic
CONTENTS Operating system Windows Apple Linux
OPERATING SYSTEM Operating system – a program that runs on
a computer and controls the hardwareTrend – strong graphical user interface Users use a mouse to click on pictures or icons Controls files, hard disk access, software, etc.Connects computer to a network or internetRequires security against viruses, hackers, etc.
Note – phones and handheld devices also have an operating systemCellphones have Google Android Ipad, Iphone, and Ipod have Apple’s
WINDOWS Founded by Bill Gates
Bill Gates is worth $53 billion in 2010 The second richest person in the world Usually was the richest until 2010 Over taken by Carlos Slim Helu
Mexican Telecom Worth $53.5 billion in 2010
Before Microsoft Nobody thought you could make money from
software Software is easily copied and traded Apple computers bundled the software with its
hardware
WINDOWS
Microsoft’s Market Share
Microsoft dominates the operating systems market Pre-installed on many
computers Computer vendors
pay Microsoft to install operating system
All software runs on Microsoft
Type Market ShareSept 2010
All Windows 89%
Windows 7 19.81%
Windows Vista
18.43%
Windows XP 48.32%
WINDOWSWindows Version Year
ReleasedWindows 3.x 1990Windows NT 3.1 1993Windows 95 1995Windows NT Workstation 4.0
1996Windows 98 1998Windows Millennium Edition
2000Windows 2000 Professional2000Windows XP 2001Windows Vista 2006Windows 7 2009
WINDOWS Windows also dominates Office software
Microsoft charges $200 to $500 for its softwareSoftware
Excel – spreadsheets Word – word processing PowerPoint – presentations Access – database Outlook - email
Sun MicrosystemsOffers a comparable office suite for freeOpenoffice.orgEstimated at 20%
WINDOWS Operating system is designed for a large
variety of computersVariety of microprocessorsVariety of graphic chipsVariety of computer manufacturers
Dell, HP, Lenovo, Toshiba, etc.Hardware configuration
A problem of Windows Drivers – a program that allows Windows to use
a device like the display, modem, etc. Can be a headache
WINDOWS Windows XP
StablePeople like it; still the most popularTends to be fast
VistaMade people angryMicrosoft stopped making its operating system
(OS) backwards compatible Backwards compatible – older software will install
and work correctly on the OS Many bugs and problems Bloated – too many programs; ran slowly; eats up
RAM memory
WINDOWS Vista
Had nice attractive appearancePrograms frequently crashed, especially
Microsoft Office Windows 7
Vista was a huge failureVista’s name was droppedWindows 7 is a revamped VistaMost things work correctly in Windows 7
WINDOWS
WINDOWS Windows programs are expensive
Operating systems and office suites are commonly pirated
Windows does not release details about operating system
Computer hackers from Russia, China, etc. easily hack the software
Windows actively tries to stop piracyEmbeds programs in Windows system to
check if Windows is genuine
WINDOWS Windows 7
Hackers hacked Windows 7 within a week after it was released
Rumor – it was hacked before its releaseHacked version can pass Windows Genuine
Activation (WGA)
Microsoft releases Windows to computer vendors Called Release to Market (RTM) Vendors installs RTM on computers and laptops Insider releases RTM copy to hackers who crack
it and post it on torrents
WINDOWS Problems
Way too many to describe Windows does not allow users to go backwards Example
If Toshiba makes a new laptop and Windows 7 is current operating system
Toshiba will not create the drivers for Vista, XP, etc
Prone to attack by viruses, worms, etc. Dominant operating system
Could have driver problems
WINDOWS Benefits
All programs and software are designed to run on Windows Usually the last few operating systems Windows 7, Vista, and XP
APPLE Apple Operating System
Has 7% market shareOld name
Macintosh Operating System (Mac OS)New name
OS XX is the Roman numeral 10Releases are named after catsSnow Leopard (Previous release)Lion (New release)
Operating system is bundled with hardware
APPLE
APPLE OS X Benefits
Consistency – all programs and applications are similar Users can learn a large variety of applications
quicklyError reporting – Apple OS only tells you
when something goes wrong Windows tends to nag; displays balloon
messagesHides technical detailsFitt’s Law – users are more productive the
less distance a mouse has to travel All Apple applications are designed with this
feature
APPLE Benefits
Best graphics on a desktop or laptop Uses good powerful video chips Microsoft Vista and 7 copied many graphical
features from the Apple Designed to be beautiful
Apple spent lots of money Stable operating system
Based on UNIX Linux is also based on UNIX
Does not get attack by viruses as much People write viruses to cause the most headache
which is Microsoft with 89% of the market share
APPLE Disadvantages
Apple operating system is only available for Apple computers Note – a group of hackers altered the OS X to run
on computers with Intel processors Against the licensing agreement of Apple
Apple computers are expensiveMany games and software does not run on
OS X Reinforces Microsoft’s monopoly power
APPLE Apple Users
Publishers – layout and design of professional documents, books, etc.
Musicians – to edit music filesGraphic designers – Apple’s strong graphics
support Edits video clips
Photographers – editing photographs
Snobs with too much moneyWannabe artists
LINUX Linux – free operating systems
Has approximately from 1% to 2% of market share
Distribution (or distro) – many teams develop their own Linux operating system Causes confusion Over 100 distros of Linux www.distrowatch.com for list Some are very GUI; some are complicated Open source – anyone programmer can modify their
system
Many talented people contribute to Linux “United in their hatred of Microsoft”
LINUX Operating system
Home computers and notebooksServers – for businesses, corporations, and
websites
Linux is popular in some countries like FranceMicrosoft Windows and Office are expensivePopular with some businesses and
governments
LINUX Benefits
Most Linux operating systems are free Note – some are not free
Linux tends to be much faster than Windows System uses less resources Linux installs on older computer systems Does not use programs to monitor system’s
licenses, etc.Linux tends to be much more stable than
Windows Used for web servers so they do not crash
LINUX Benefits
Some like Ubuntu and Linux Mint are easy to install Does not require search for drivers like Windows
Most viruses and worms are written for Windows Linux tends to be immune
Access to over 30,000 free software Software is simpler Software is much smaller in size Software can share libraries and programs with
other programs
LINUX Benefits
Open source – all computer code is open to the public People can modify any programs People can modify the operating system
Change menus, styles, icons, etc.Apple and Microsoft keep their operating
systems rigid Allows some things to be changed, like wallpaper More difficult to alter menu bars,icons, etc.
LINUX Problems
Changing advance options requires terminal Terminal is similar to DOS Not user friendly Use Terminal to fix major problems
Too many Linux distributions are available Software may not be compatible across platforms Creates confusion Each distribution has benefits and problems
Limited in software, usually games Most games are written for Windows or Apple; not
Linux Most software runs on Windows; may or may not
work on Linux
LINUX Problems
Some codecs, software, and drivers are proprietary Driver – a program that allows the operating
system to use a device like a WiFi or network card.
Linux does not pay for this proprietary rights
Some countries like United States and Japan have strong protection of intellectual property rights Businesses have to be careful about the software
it uses Otherwise it can get sued
LINUX Problems
People are scared of LinuxLinux is associated with computer geeks
and genius
LINUX Ubuntu – most popular Linux program
Canonical Ltd. Based in the United Kingdom Ubuntu is free Company earns money from technical support
Mark Shuttleworth, founder South African entrepreneur Worth about $225 million Paid to be an astronaut
Ubuntu means “humanity towards others” Most GUI intense
LINUX Ubuntu
Complaints – Ubuntu is trying to look like Apple’s OS X Apple computers sets the standards Even Microsoft “copied” features from OS X
LINUX Linux Mint
Possibly the fourth most popular operating system
Founded by Clement Lefebvre, FranceOriginally based on UbuntuVery GUI intense
Good for beginnersComes with proprietary software, codecs, and
licensed components Illegal in the U.S., because founder did not pay
to use proprietary software in its systemGives alternatives where proprietary software is
not included
LINUX I have two operating systems
Debian Linux MintWindows 7
LINUX