opengis background and concepts uniphorm - unigis josef strobl department of geography - salzburg...

OpenGISbackground and

conceptsUniPHORM - UNIGIS

Josef STROBLDepartment of Geography - Salzburg University

Parts based on a presentation by Kurt Buehler

Open GIS Consortium, Inc.

© 1998 UNIGIS, portions © 1997 OGC Inc.

Why OpenGIS?

• Extend Open Systems benefits to GIS

• Achieve “inter-operability” between systems, data, functionality

• Establish a “common language” and “unified model” for GI

• Create systems from “best-of-breed” components


OpenGIS benefits

• Integration with component computing standards

• Quick and efficient development cycles

• Avoid data transfers and redundancies

• Protect investments - future proofing


What is the Open GIS Consortium (OGC)?

• A consensus-based association of public and private sector organizations.

• Creator and manager of an industry-wide architecture for interoperable geoprocessing.

• Provider of leadership in the development of user-centered business and purchasing models based on interoperable geoprocessing.

• Provider of an open forum for conducting a rational industry planning process.


OGC’s Vision

OGC envisions the full integration of geospatial data and geoprocessing resources into

mainstream computing and the widespread use of interoperable, commercial

geoprocessing software throughout the information infrastructure.


OGC Mission

• Involve developers and users of geographic information resources -- including vendors, integrators, academia, government agencies, and standards organizations -- in collaborative development of interoperable geoprocessing technology specifications, and work to promote the delivery of certifiably interoperable products.

• Synchronize geoprocessing technology with current and emerging information technology standards based on open systems, distributed processing and componentware frameworks.

• Provide an industry forum that promotes cooperative business development initiatives related to distributed geoprocessing.


Definition of OpenGIS®

• OpenGIS – Open and interoperable geoprocessing, or the

ability to share heterogeneous geodata and geoprocessing

resources transparently in a networked environment. “The

highest level of the interoperability specification.”

• OpenGIS Specification (“OGIS”). A software specification that

enables geodata sharing and geoprocessing interoperability.

An interface standard for interoperable geoprocessing.

• Open GIS Consortium, Inc. A member-based consensus forum

dedicated to the development of OpenGIS technologies and the

integration of geoprocessing into enterprise computing.


Technology Development Overview

• Develop technical specifications for interoperable geoprocessing– Develop an Abstract Specification that is

independent of computing platforms• Becomes more comprehensive over time

– Map this one specification to Implementation Specifications particular to computing platforms

• Completed in stages, by functional capability• May introduce Abstract Specification changes

– Maintain and revise specifications as needed


Technology Development ApproachAbstract Specification Changes

Reach Consensus on a Proposed Change

UpdatedOpenGIS Abstract Specification

OpenGIS Abstract Specification(now 14 Topics)

Proposed Change


ImplementationSpecification

Technology Development ApproachImplementation Specification Development

OpenGIS Abstract Specification

Schedule of developments


The OpenGIS Abstract Specification• Current version has an Overview and 14 topics • New topics are on the way...• The Topics:

1. Geometry Structures 2. Spatial Reference Systems

3. Locational Geometry 4. Stored Functions/Interpolation

5. The OpenGIS Feature and Feature Collections

6. The Coverage 7. The Earth Image

8. Feature Relationships 9. Quality

10. Transfer Technology 11. Metadata

12. Services Architecture 13. Catalog Service

14. Semantics and Information Communities


Current Status of OGC achievements

• Abstract Specification URL

– Available for Topics 0-14

• Implementation Specification URL

– Simple Feature Specification• OLE/COM• CORBA• SQL

– Grid Coverages Specification (open RFP)– Catalog Specification (open RFP)


ISO TC 211 “Geographic Information”

• ISO (International Standards Organisation) has been working towards the Standardisation of “Geographic Information” for several years through its Technical Committee 211.

• As an industry association, OGC obviously was able to draw on more resources and proceed much faster than ISO TC 211

• ISO TC 211’s ambitions were aiming at establishing a solid foundation for data transfer - OGC then went beyond that target with a clear aim at full interoperability.

• Cooperation between OGC and ISO has now been formally established (“class A liaison”)


Evolution of Service Layers and Interfaces

Hardware platform and/or network services

Application

ProprietarySpatial Database

Presentation (UI)

Hardware platform

MonolithicGeoprocessing

System

Spatial Data Access Provider

DCP

Application

GenericDatabases

Presentation (UI)

DCP

Presentation (UI)

DCP Scenario 1 DCP Scenario 2 DCP Scenario 3

. . . toward distributed object computing

ApplicationServers

DCP

Applications(tools & applets)

Data: “ObjectsEverywhere”

Presentation (UI)

ApplicationServers

Applications

Spatial DataAccess Providers

Spatial DataAccess Providers

GenericDatabasesor Generic

Data Stores

ApplicationServers


OpenGIS Specification Enables Transparent Access to Heterogeneous Geodata

File FormatFile FormatFile Format

File Format

Real-TimeData Feed

File Format

TraditionalDBMS

File Format

File FormatNon-

traditionalDBMS

File Format

NETWORKS AND CLIENT/SERVER TECHNOLOGY

File FormatFileFormat

File Format

File Format

Interfaces based on the OpenGIS Specification


The Migration from Traditional GIS

Yesterday Future

Application

MonolithicGIS

Proprietaryor Generic

DBMSConnection

Application

Spatial DBMiddleware

TraditionalDBMS

OpenAPIs

ProprietaryAPIs

UniversalServer(s)(spatially-

aware)

Application

Application Services


USERSDATA

RESOURCES

Industry Markets Utility Companies Telecom Civil Engineering Niche Integrators Petroleum Intelligent TransportPublic Markets Environment Resources Mgmt Infrastructure Urban Planning Disaster Relief Public Safety IVHSBusiness Markets Real Estate Insurance Banking

CadastralWater resourcesLand UseZoningHighwayTrafficTransitWater supplySewerStorm drainsGas & electricTelecom. linesPoliticalSurface geologyHazardsPublic safetyPopulationReal-time feedsEarth imagery

GISEarth ImagingCAD MappingGPSNavigationFacilities Mgmt.Database software OODBMS RDBMS Universal server . . .Desktop publishingDocument imagingWorkflowDecision support

PROCESSINGRESOURCES

The Goal of Open Geoprocessing


USERSDATA


CadastralWater resourcesLand UseZoningHighwayTrafficTransitWater supplySewerStorm drainsGas & electricTelecom. linesPoliticalSurface geologyHazardsPublic safetyPopulationReal-time feedsEarth imagery . . .

Client-Server/DCP

Telecommunications

DatabaseGeoprocessing

OpenGIS Spec.

Geoprocessing: Applications Vendor tools Components Open Platforms

OGC Members: Oracle, Informix, IBM, etc.

Layers of the Open Geoprocessing Infrastructure


Geoprocessing Market ChannelsUSERSDATA


CadastralWater resourcesLand UseZoningHighwayTrafficTransitWater supplySewerStorm drainsGas & electricTelecom. linesPoliticalSurface geologyHazardsPublic safetyPopulationReal-time feedsEarth imagery . . .

Client-Server/DCP

Telecommunications

Database

OpenGIS Spec.

Geoprocessing: Applications Vendor tools Components Open Platforms

OGC Members: Oracle, Informix, IBM, etc.

ApplicationIntegration

ConsumerModel

EnterpriseModel

AgencyPrograms


Old Paradigm:Static Data Transfer

Manifest

catalogsschemacoord system...

Dataset

spatial objectsattributescomposites...

Encode from GIS

Decode to GIS

Data Transfer


OpenGIS: Dynamic Interoperability

Database Server

catalogsschemacoord systemgeodata

Database Client

schemacoord systemgeodata representation

CORBA - OLE/COM

Requests, Features, & Collections


Architectural Layers in a GIS

Component Ware

Application

Distributed Objects

Application Server

Database Server

Presentation

Metadata and Query Interface


Pluggable Computing Model

Hardware Environment

DCP Services

Operating System Environment

Data Management Services

PluggableTools

See next slide

Human TechnologyInterface Services

Tool Services:• GIS Tools• Imaging Tools• Expert Tools• RDBMS Tools


Pluggable Tools

Data management interface

Private algorithms

Private data

DCP interface

Human-technology interface


Abstract Model Approach

• The Open Geodata Model encompasses: – features and coverages– geometry and reference systems– feature schema– feature collections and project schema

• The OpenGIS Services Model encompasses:– catalogs, metadata– operations on geospatial and imagery data


Model of Location and Geometry

where: placewhen: time

LocationSpatial/TemporalReference System

CoordinateGeometry


Features and Coverages

The two fundamental geographic types are:

– feature - a representation of a real world

entity or an abstraction of the real world

– coverage - an association of points within a

spatial/temporal domain to a value, which

could be a simple or complex data type


Feature Model

Feature PropertySet

GeometrySemanticsMetadata


Coverage Model

Abstract

Coverage

GeometryProperty Set

value(point): T

Abstract

Stored Function

Abstract

AnyType T

Feature

range

domain

name()


OpenGIS is an Interface Standard

• Features and coverages can be implemented by relational or object-based GIS software

• Common set of requests can be understood by all OpenGIS-compliant services:– Set or get geodetic datum and projection– Create, modify, delete features in the database– Select features from the database by query– And many others...


Well-known Structures

• Communication of feature objects between the database server and the client is in terms of well-known structures:– Coordinates– Line string– Ring– Polygon– And many others...


The Big Picture

External Entities

Platform Services

Object ServicesDistributed Computing Services

Common FacilitiesCommon Support Applications

Users

InformationInterchange

Communications

Har

dwar

e

Geographic Community Domain Databases and Applications

Topographic Maritime Hydrology CadastralTransp Defense


The OGC Services Architecture

External Entities

CO

E

CO

E

Platform Services

O bj ect Servi ces

Di st ri buted Comput i ng Servi ces

Common Faci l i t i esCommon Support Appl i cat i ons

Users

I nformat i onI nterchange

Communi cat i ons

Hard

war

e

Mission Specific Applications

USI G S Mari t i me LandJoi nt /CI NC

Ai r In te llige nc e

Common Support Applications

Alerts

Developer's KitMessage

Processing

On-Line Help Presentation Correlation

OfficeAutomation

Open GeospatialExchange (OGE)

Services

Open Geospatial Exchange (OGE) Services

GeospatialDomain Access

Services (GDAS)

ImageryExploitation

Services (IES)

GeospatialCoordinate

TransformationServices (GCTS)

GeospatialAnnotation

Services (GAS)

Geospatial FeatureManipulation

Services(GFMS)

ImageManipulation

Services(IMS)

FeatureGeneralizationServices (FGS)

GeospatialFeatureAnalysis

Services (GFAS)

Image MapGeneration

Services(IMGS)

ImageSynthesisServices

(ISS)

GeospatialDisplay

Services (GDS)

Geospatial InformationExtraction Services (GIES)

Geospatial SymbolManagement Services (GSMS)

Image UnderstandingServices

(IUS)

Image GeometryModel Services

(IGMS)


Geospatial Domain Access Services

Open Geospatial Exchange (OGE) Services

ImageryExploitation

Services (IES)

GeospatialCoordinate

TransformationServices (GCTS)

GeospatialAnnotation

Services (GAS)

Geospatial FeatureManipulation

Services(GFMS)

ImageManipulation

Services(IMS)

FeatureGeneralizationServices (FGS)

GeospatialFeature

AnalysisServices (GFAS)

Image MapGeneration

Services(IMGS)

ImageSynthesisServices

(ISS)

GeospatialDisplay

Services (GDS)

Geospatial InformationExtraction Services (GIES)

Geospatial SymbolManagement Services (GSMS)

Image UnderstandingServices

(IUS)

Image GeometryModel Services

(IGMS)

Geospatial Domain Access Services (GDAS)

GeospatialCatalog Services

(GCS)

GeospatialDisseminationServices (GDS)

GeospatialInfo. Retrieval

Services(GIRS)

GeospatialProduct

InformationService (GPIS)

FeatureCompressionService (FCS)

ImageCompressionService (ICS)*

GeospatialDomain AccessServices (GDAS)

GeospatialInfo. PackagingServices (GIPS)


Vendor System = Monolith

Data DataData Data


An Interoperable Component

COTS

“Plug in”“Plug in”

Discard

Discard


New Functionality


Managing the Geospatial Library

G/NSDIStakeholders

FGDCDII/COE

OGCOMG WWWC ISO SisterDisciplines


Review questionnaire

To start the review questionnaire please click to the following address:

http://www.geo.sbg.ac.at/projects/UniPhorm/quiz/quiz_opengis.htm

opengis background and concepts uniphorm - unigis josef strobl department of geography - salzburg...

Documents

integration of geoprocessing

geoprocessing resources

distributed geoprocessing

geoprocessing interoperability

open gis consortium

open systems

ogc mission

open forum