Open Source and Open Standards

Jim Zemlin June 11, 2015

HortonWorks $1B IPO

Cloudera: 100% Growth $4.7 Billion Valuation

Docker: $1B Valuation

“Microsoft loves Linux.”

Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella

“Open Sourcing Is No Longer Optional, Not

Even for Apple.”

IT Infrastructure Has Changed

Open Source Projects Defining Stack Segments

OS#For#Cloud#Workloads#

IaaS#

PaaS#

Containers#

Networking#

Database#

IoT#Orchestra=on#

Open Source projects are the roads and bridges of

the internet

Open source now creates billions of dollars of value

and touches all of our lives

The nature of pan industry collaboration is changing

Standards(

Se*ng(Open(Source(

What(is(“Open(Source?”(

!  Strictly(speaking,(so;ware(code(in(human(readable(form((in(comparison(to(machineA

readable(object(code)(

!  Generically,(a(collaboraEve(development(technique,(usually(open(to(anyone(to(

parEcipate(in(for(free(

!  Most(o;en(used(to(develop(so;ware,(but(can(also(be(hardware((or(anything(else)(

!  Results(in(a(usable(product(rather(than(a(design(

!  The(deliverable(is(usually(available(for(free(

!  ExcepEon:(in(the(case(of(hardware,(the(architecture(would(be(free,(and(an(implementaEon((if(available)(would(o;en(be(available(at(or(near(cost((

What(is(“Open(Source?”(

!  Can(be(as(small(as(a(few(lines(of(code(or(a(single(funcEon(or(

module(

!  Can(be(millions(of(lines(of(code((e.g.,(the(Linux(kernel)(

!  Many(examples(of(dominant(code((e.g.,(the(LAMP(stack(running(

Web(servers)(

How(is(Open(Source(Developed?(

!  Many(models,(depending(on(objecEves:(

!  Hosted(at(a(“forge”(like(GitHub(–(provides(technical(development(

plaVorm((i.e.,(version(control,(wiki,(etc.)(for(free(

!  Hosted(by(an(exisEng(foundaEon(like(the(Linux(FoundaEon(!  Incorporated(as(a(stand(alone(enEty((usually(with(outsourced(management)(

How(is(Open(Source(Developed?(

!  ParEcipaEon(and(technical(governance(are(usually(based(on(a(meritocracy(approach((

!  Funded(projects(may(have(a(Board(of(Directors(consEtuted(in(a(

manner(typical(of(a(consorEum(

!  Funded(projects(may(also(have(mulEAEer(memberships(with(

ascending(rights(

!  Elite(projects(maintain(a(strict(separaEon(between(Board(and(

Technical(Steering(CommiZee((TSB)(

How(are(IPR(Managed?(

!  Code(is(available(for(free(!  Project(may(be(subject(to(contribuEon(and(licensing(rules,(or(there(may(be(no(

rules(at(all(

!  If(there(is(a(user(license,(the(terms(can(vary(widely,(from(almost(minimal(

(“permissive”)(to(significant((“copyle;”)(

!  Copyright(in(each(code(contribuEon(may(be(conveyed(to(the(project,(or(retained(

by(the(owner(

!  Patent(rules(for(contributors(and(users(can(vary(widely(

Open Source vs. Open Standards

!  There is a built in tension between the two approaches !  Open standards provide value only if everyone complies with the

standard !  IPR commitments are limited to compliant implementations !  Copyright applies only to standards, not to implementations !  Participants are subject to explicit IPR policies and obligations

Open Source vs. Open Standards

!  Open source software derives its value from allowing anyone to change it !  May or may not be contribution agreements !  Many participants may be subject to non-member inventions agreements or

work for hire obligations !  Patents are often not addressed at all !  Copyright applies to the deliverable itself !  Commercializing software under restrictive licenses can impose IPR and

code-contributions on non-members

Open(Source(vs.(Open(Standards(

!  BUT:(!  Open(source(so;ware(needs(to(implement(standards((

!  RAND(commitments(can(cause(problems(under(“Copyle;”(licenses(

!  Many(consorEa(have(adapted(their(IPR(policies(to(deal(with(this(

!  Standards(someEmes(now(include(actual(code,(which(is(not(contemplated(by(the(

IPR(policies(under(which(the(standards(were(developed(

Open(Source(vs.(Open(Standards(

!  Why(a(new(breed(of(open(source(projects?(

!  CollaboraEon(objecEves(are(becoming(more(ambiEous(and(challenging(

!  Standards(organizaEons(are(sEll(largely(“stove(piped”(

!  Time(to(market(constraints(are(significant(

!  Middleware(can(be(commodiEzed(in(order(to(facilitate(creaEon(of(new(

markets((

!  Many(companies(think(an(open(source(approach(can(lead(to(a(more(

saEsfactory(result(

ContrasEng(approaches(

!  Open(standards(approach:(

!  Form(a(new(foundaEon(to(create(a(framework(of(standards(directed(at(a(

specific(use(case(s):(Exp:(DLNA(

!  Populate(framework(with(appropriate(standards(

!  IdenEfy(gaps(where(standards(are(needed(

!  Establish(liaisons(with(appropriate(SSOs(

!  Vendors(then(build(all(the(so;ware(individually,(from(the(ground(up((or(the(

consorEum(may(also(create(a(reference(implementaEon)(

!  Standards(may(or(may(not(enable(“plug(and(play”(interoperability(

!  Plugfests,(cerEficaEon(programs(follow(

ContrasEng(approaches(

!  Open(Source(approach:(

!  (Form(a(new(consorEum(to(develop(code(for(so;ware(that(addresses(a(specific(use(

case(s)(

!  Incorporates(appropriate(standards(

!  May(also(create(code(for(APIs(

!  May(also(release(specificaEons(for(APIs(

!  May(also(idenEfy(gaps(where(standards(are(needed(

!  Establish(liaisons(with(appropriate(open(source(foundaEons(and(SSOs(

!  Vendors(then(build(on(top(of(the(common(open(source(plaVorm(

!  CerEficaEon(program(may(follow(

Current(example:(the(IoT(

!  A(large(array(of(organizaEons(have(been(formed,(including:(

!  The(Thread(Group((Google,(ARM,(Samsung):(lowApower(mesh(network(protocols(based(on(

exisEng(standards(other(than(WiFi,(Bluetooth(

!  OpenInterconnect(ConsorEum((Intel,(Samsung,(Dell):(wireless(connecEvity(standards(based(

on(Wifi,(Bluetooth,(etc.;(open(source(reference(implementaEon(to(follow(

!  AllSeen(Alliance((Qualcomm,(Cisco,(Microso;;(hosted(by(Linux(FoundaEon):(open(source(

plaVorm;(will(do(APIs(in(code(and(specificaEon(form(

!  Hypercat((UK(based;(IBM,(ARM,(BT):(standards(for(“thin”(interoperability(layer(to(allow(

queries(between(devices(and(hubs(

!  Industrial(Internet(ConsorEum((OMG(hosted;(IBM,(Intel,(AT&T,(GE,(Cisco):(apps(for(

commercial(se*ngs(

!  oneM2m((mulEple(SSOs)(standards(framework(for(communicaEon(and(services(in(broad(array(

of(market(se*ngs(

Convergence(Benefits:(

!  Provides(a(new(approach(to(solve(complex(problems(

!  Broadens(opportuniEes(for(innovaEon(!  Able(to(address(crossAsectoral(challenges(!  Provides(a(faster(Eme(to(market(soluEon(

!  Lowers(perAparEcipant(development(costs(

!  Reduces(risk(of(lock(in((

What does this mean to ICT consumers?

26

It is the Combination of Open Source and Open Standards Provide the best Lock-in Defense

Moving to Strategic Use of Open Source

29%

80% OSS

Average * Best in class * Source: Gartner Group

Moving to Strategic Use of Open Source

29%

80% OSS

Average * Best in class * Source: Gartner Group

Value Add

• Choosing(best(open(source(projects(to(meet(goals(

• License(review(boards(• What(code(to(share(and(what(code(to(keep(

Strategic(Analysis(

• Open(Source(License(Management(

• ContribuEon(Agreements(

• Trademark(Licensing(Intellectual(Property(

• Social(coding(style:(GIT,(email,(IRC,(etc.(

• Project(governance:(contribuEon,(maintainers,(etc.(Development(Process(

• Downstream(product(integraEon(

• Upstream(code(contribuEons(

• License(compliance(Business(Process(

Open Source R&D Management Requires New Skills

30

Thank you.