open-ocean foraging ecology of southern bluefin tuna thunnus maccoyii based on stomach ... · 10e...
TRANSCRIPT
-
1
The following supplement accompanies the article
Open-ocean foraging ecology of southern bluefin tuna Thunnus maccoyii based on stomach contents Tomoyuki Itoh*, Osamu Sakai
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Marine Ecology Progress Series 555: 203–219 (2016)
MDS1
MDS2
-1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
stress=0.1832
Cape area
100
110
120130
140150160
170180
MDS1
MDS2
-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
stress=0.1393
southeastern Indian Ocean
80
90100
110
120
130
140150160
170
180
MDS1
MDS2
-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
stress=0.2261
Tasmania area
110
120
130
140
15080cm90cm100cm110cm120cm130cm140cm150cm160cm170cm180cm
Fig. S1. nMDS plot of southern bluefin tuna stomach contents composition in weight by fork length in 10-cm bins in the 3 study areas. Ellipses represent the 95% confidence interval. Stress is a goodness of fit statistic (smaller values represent a better fit)
-
2
MDS1
MDS2
-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0stress=0.2013
Cape area
67 8
9
10 1112 13
14
15
1718
MDS1
MDS2
-0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0stress=0.1686
southeastern Indian Ocean
10
11
12
13
MDS1
MDS2
-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0 stress=0.1316
Tasmania area
13
15
1617
6°C7°C8°C9°C10°C11°C12°C13°C14°C15°C16°C17°C18°C
Fig. S2. nMDS plot of southern bluefin tuna stomach contents composition in weight by sea surface temperature in 1 °C bins in the 3 study areas. Ellipses represent the 95% confidence interval. Stress is a goodness of fit statistic (smaller values represent a better fit)
MDS1
MDS2
-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0stress=0.2083
Cape area
20042005
20062007
20082009
2011
2012
2013
MDS1
MDS2
-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5stress=0.1846
southeastern Indian Ocean
1999
2000
20032004
2005
2006
20072008
2009
2010
2012
MDS1
MDS2
-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0stress=0.1805
Tasmania area
1999
20012002
2003
199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013
Fig. S3. nMDS plot of the stomach content composition of southern bluefin tuna in weight by year in the 3 study areas. Ellipses represent the 95% confidence interval. Data for the Cape area were limited to since 2004, when lycoteuthids were first distinguished. Stress is a goodness of fit statistic (smaller values represent a better fit)
-
3
Cape areaProportion
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
37 324 504 309 78 29 62 9 7
Southeastern Indian Ocean
Proportion
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
11 43 515 222 125 288 151
Tasmania area
Proportion
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
47 85 176
Teleostei
otherMyctophidaeParalepididaeAlepisauridaeBramidaeScombridaeNomeidaePerciformes
Cephalopoda
otherTeuthidaArgonautidaeOnychoteuthidaeLycoteuthidaeOmmastrephidae
other
Fig. S4. Weight composition of the stomach contents of southern bluefin tuna by month for the 3 study areas. Numbers below the month represent the sample size. Compositions for months with
-
4
Cape areaProportion
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
-46
-45
-44
-43
-42
-41
-40
-39
-38
-37
-36
-35
-34
-33
-32
-31
47 110 368 287 203 82 63 55 38 54 52
Southeastern Indian Ocean
Proportion
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
-46
-45
-44
-43
-42
-41
-40
-39
-38
-37
-36
-35
-34
-33
-32
-31
15 30 152 380 243 174 184 82 22 9 24 32
Tasmania area
Proportion
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
-46
-45
-44
-43
-42
-41
-40
-39
-38
-37
-36
-35
-34
-33
-32
-31
8 38 82 98 42 11 12 14
Teleostei
otherMyctophidaeParalepididaeAlepisauridaeBramidaeScombridaeNomeidaePerciformes
Cephalopoda
otherTeuthidaArgonautidaeOnychoteuthidaeLycoteuthidaeOmmastrephidae
other
Fig. S5. Weight composition of the stomach contents of southern bluefin tuna by latitude in 1° bins for the 3 study areas. Numbers below the latitude represent the sample size. Compositions for latitude classes with
-
5
Cape areaProportion
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
-10 0 10 20 30 40 70 80 90 100
110
120
150
85 187 162 416 418 91
Southeastern Indian Ocean
Proportion
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
-10 0 10 20 30 40 70 80 90 100
110
120
150
8 44 242 863 183 12
Tasmania area
Proportion
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
-10 0 10 20 30 40 70 80 90 100
110
120
150
310
Teleostei
otherMyctophidaeParalepididaeAlepisauridaeBramidaeScombridaeNomeidaePerciformes
Cephalopoda
otherTeuthidaArgonautidaeOnychoteuthidaeLycoteuthidaeOmmastrephidae
other
Fig. S6. Weight composition of the stomach contents of southern bluefin tuna by longitude in 10° bins for the 3 study areas. Numbers below the longitude represent the sample size. Compositions for longitude classes with
-
6
MDS1
MDS2
-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
stress=0.0824
4
5 67
810
MDS1
MDS2
-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5
-0.5
0.0
0.5
stress=0.1607
78
9
10
11
12
MDS1
MDS2
-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6 stress=0.1732
4
56
456789101112
Fig. S7. nMDS plot of the stomach content composition of southern bluefin tuna in weight by month in the 3 study areas. Ellipses represent the 95% confidence interval. Data for the Cape area were limited to since 2004, when lycoteuthids were first distinguished. Stress is a goodness of fit statistic (smaller values represent a better fit)
MDS1
MDS2
-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5stress=0.1312
46S
45S44S43S
42S
41S40S
39S37S
MDS1
MDS2
-1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
stress=0.1839
43S
42S41S40S
39S
38S
37S
MDS1
MDS2
-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0 stress=0.1743
43S
42S41S
40S
46S45S44S43S42S41S40S39S38S37S
Fig. S8. nMDS plot of the stomach content composition of southern bluefin tuna in weight by latitude in 1° in the 3 study areas. Ellipses represent the 95% confidence interval. Data for the Cape area were limited to since 2004, when lycoteuthids were first distinguished. Stress is a goodness of fit statistic (smaller values represent a better fit)
-
7
MDS1
MDS2
-0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5stress=0.179
10W0
10E 20E
30E
40E
80E
90E100E110E
150E10W010E20E30E40E
80E90E100E110E150E
Fig. S9. nMDS plot of the stomach content composition of southern bluefin tuna in weight by longitude in 10° bins. Ellipses represent the 95% confidence interval. Stress is a goodness of fit statistic (smaller values represent a better fit)
Table S1. Definition of the four stages of digestion used to classify the prey items Stage Teleost Cephalopod Crustacean Other
A Skin is not digested. Liver is intact. Intact in color and in details of the parts.
Intact body and color.
B Digestive organ is intact.
Head and arms are not separated from the mantle.
The color is slightly faded, and some parts lack detail.
The color is slightly faded, and some parts lack detail.
C Individual prey items are recognizable. Meat is present, not only adhering to the vertebrae.
The mantle is separated from the head and arms, but still intact.
The exoskeleton is softened, but the whole body is still intact.
Digested, but the individual is easily recognizable.
D Only bones or otoliths remain. If meat is present, it only adheres to the vertebrae. Individual prey items are not recognizable from the body.
The mantle is digested, and usually open. Sometimes only the mandibles remain.
The body is broken into several pieces.
Individual prey items cannot be recognized based on the remaining body.
-
8
Table S2. Prey compositions of southern bluefin tuna for the whole study area in three statistics. %W, %N, and %O are the proportions of the weight, number of individuals, and number of southern bluefin tuna stomachs in which the prey item was found to the totals of natural preys (i.e. not parasite, non-animal or marine debris) in the dataset all southern bluefin tuna individuals pooled. %W_boot, %N_boot, and %O_boot are calculated from bootstrap resampling of the pooled dataset 1000 times. %MW and %MN are the percent mean proportion by weight and the percent mean proportion by number, based on prey composition in each individual southern bluefin tuna, respectively. 95% CI is the 95% confidence interval. Severely digested prey (digestion stage D) is included. Total number of stomachs was 4649
Taxon %W %W_boot mean (95% CI)
%MW (SD) %N %N_boot mean (95% CI)
%MN (SD) %O %O_boot mean (95% CI)
CHORDATA 46.5 46.0 (43.9-48.3) 39.3 (42.3) 40.1 38.9 (36.9-42.1) 29.9 (37.8) 63.4 63.5 (62.3-64.7) TELEOSTEI 46.2 45.7 (43.6-48.0) 37.5 (42.2) 34.2 32.6 (31.1-34.8) 27.3 (37.2) 61.0 61.0 (59.9-62.3)
Perciformes 18.8 18.1 (15.9-20.6) 7.7 (24.2) 1.8 1.8 (1.6-2.1) 5.5 (19.6) 11.4 11.2 (10.4-12.1) Nomeidae 8.3 8.3 (6.7-9.9) 4.9 (19.5) 1.1 1.1 (1.1-1.2) 3.6 (16.0) 7.5 7.5 (6.8-8.2)
Cubiceps caeruleus 7.4 7.4 (5.8-8.9) 4.6 (19.0) 1.0 1.1 (1.0-1.1) 3.3 (15.4) 7.0 7.0 (6.3-7.8) Bramidae 6.1 5.8 (4.9-6.6) 1.3 (10.1) 0.1 0.1 (0.1-0.2) 0.9 (8.3) 2.0 2.0 (1.8-2.2)
Brama sp. 0.9 0.7 (0.2-1.7) 0.1 (2.8) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.1 (2.3) 0.1 0.1 (0.0-0.2) Pterycombus petersii 0.1 0.1 (0.0-0.3) 0.0 (1.8) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.1 (1.7) 0.2 0.2 (0.1-0.3)
Scombridae 1.7 1.5 (1.0-2.2) 0.4 (6.2) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.2 (4.1) 0.5 0.5 (0.3-0.6) Katsuwonus pelamis 0.7 0.7 (0.4-1.1) 0.2 (4.4) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.1 (2.6) 0.2 0.2 (0.1-0.3) Thunnus sp. 0.1 0.1 (0.0-0.2) 0.0 (1.4) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (0.1) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) Auxis rochei 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (1.5) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (0.7) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.1)
Centrolophidae 1.2 0.9 (0.6-1.5) 0.2 (3.8) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.1 (2.5) 0.2 0.2 (0.1-0.2) Hyperoglyphe moselii 0.3 0.2 (0.0-0.5) 0.0 (1.5) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (1.5) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) Tetragonurus cuvieri 0.7 0.7 (0.4-1.2) 0.2 (3.8) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.1 (2.4) 0.3 0.2 (0.2-0.4) Gempylidae 0.4 0.4 (0.1-0.6) 0.1 (2.8) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (0.9) 0.2 0.2 (0.1-0.2)
Carangidae 0.2 0.2 (0.1-0.3) 0.3 (5.3) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.2 (4.1) 0.5 0.5 (0.3-0.6) Decapterus sp. 0.1 0.1 (0.0-0.2) 0.2 (3.6) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.1 (2.8) 0.2 0.2 (0.1-0.4)
Pentacerotidae 0.2 0.2 (0.1-0.3) 0.2 (3.5) 0.4 0.4 (0.2-0.7) 0.2 (3.9) 0.3 0.4 (0.2-0.5) Mugilidae 0.1 0.1 (0.1-0.2) 0.1 (3.3) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.1 (2.7) 0.2 0.2 (0.1-0.3) Echeneididae 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (1.4) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (0.2) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) Uranoscopidae 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (0.2) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (0.6) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.1)
Myctophiformes 16.2 16.3 (15.2-17.7) 12.4 (28.9) 18.3 16.9 (15-18.9) 8.2 (23.1) 21.7 21.9 (20.7-22.7) Alepisauridae 6.3 6.3 (5.8-7.0) 6.0 (20.6) 0.6 0.6 (0.6-0.7) 1.8 (10.0) 10.2 10.4 (9.6-11.1)
Alepisaurus ferox 0.9 1.0 (0.7-1.4) 0.6 (7.0) 0.1 0.1 (0.0-0.1) 0.3 (4.7) 1.0 1.1 (0.9-1.4) Alepisaurus brevirostris 0.3 0.2 (0.1-0.4) 0.1 (3.4) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.1 (2.3) 0.2 0.2 (0.1-0.2)
-
9
Taxon %W %W_boot mean (95% CI)
%MW (SD) %N %N_boot mean (95% CI)
%MN (SD) %O %O_boot mean (95% CI)
Paralepididae 6.6 6.6 (5.8-7.6) 3.9 (16.5) 0.9 1.0 (0.9-1.0) 2.3 (11.6) 8.5 8.5 (7.8-9.0) Paralepis sp. 3.8 3.9 (3.4-4.5) 1.6 (10.8) 0.2 0.2 (0.2-0.3) 0.7 (6.3) 2.8 2.8 (2.5-3.1) Paralepis atlantica 1.1 1.2 (1.0-1.6) 0.6 (6.7) 0.1 0.1 (0.1-0.1) 0.2 (3.7) 0.9 0.9 (0.8-1.0) Omosudis lowei 0.1 0.1 (0.0-0.1) 0.1 (3.1) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.1 (2.0) 0.2 0.2 (0.1-0.3)
Notosudidae 0.2 0.3 (0.2-0.3) 0.1 (2.3) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.1 (1.2) 0.3 0.3 (0.2-0.4) Anotopterus pharao 0.2 0.2 (0.0-0.5) 0.0 (1.1) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (0.1) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.1)
Myctophidae 2.8 2.8 (2.0-3.3) 2.3 (13.3) 16.7 15.2 (13.3-17.4) 4.0 (17.9) 5.4 5.4 (5.1-5.7) Synodontidae 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.1) 0.0 (0.1) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (0.1) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.1)
Tetraodontiformes 0.1 0.1 (0.0-0.2) 0.2 (3.4) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.2 (3.6) 0.3 0.3 (0.2-0.5) Tetraodontidae 0.1 0.1 (0.0-0.1) 0.1 (2.1) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.1 (2.2) 0.2 0.2 (0.1-0.3) Triacanthodidae 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (1.0) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (1.5) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.1)
Lampriformes 1.7 1.7 (1.1-2.4) 0.6 (7.2) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.1) 0.4 (5.5) 0.9 0.9 (0.7-1.1) Regalecus sp. 0.4 0.3 (0.1-0.6) 0.2 (3.7) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.1 (2.2) 0.2 0.2 (0.1-0.4)
Trachipteridae 0.1 0.1 (0.0-0.3) 0.0 (1.2) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (0.0) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.1) Beloniformes 0.4 0.4 (0.3-0.5) 0.6 (7.1) 0.1 0.1 (0.1-0.1) 0.5 (6.3) 0.8 0.8 (0.7-0.9)
Scomberesocidae 0.1 0.1 (0.1-0.1) 0.2 (4.6) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.2 (3.8) 0.3 0.3 (0.2-0.4) Exocoetidae 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.1) 0.0 (1.1) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (0.1) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.1) Belonidae 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.1) 0.0 (1.5) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (1.5) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) Hemiramphidae 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (1.7) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (1.8) 0.1 0.1 (0.0-0.1)
Beryciformes 0.2 0.2 (0.1-0.3) 0.3 (4.9) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.2 (3.6) 0.3 0.3 (0.2-0.4) Beryx sp. 0.1 0.1 (0.1-0.2) 0.3 (4.9) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.1 (3.5) 0.3 0.3 (0.2-0.4)
Diretmidae 0.1 0.1 (0.0-0.2) 0.0 (0.7) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (0.8) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.1) Stomiiformes 0.2 0.2 (0.1-0.2) 0.3 (4.8) 4.3 3.9 (3.2-4.4) 0.5 (6.7) 1.1 1.0 (0.9-1.2) Sternoptychidae 0.2 0.2 (0.1-0.2) 0.3 (4.8) 4.3 3.9 (3.2-4.4) 0.5 (6.6) 1.0 1.0 (0.8-1.2)
Gonostomatidae 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (0.1) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (1.1) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) Clupeiformes 0.5 0.5 (0.4-0.7) 0.7 (7.7) 0.1 0.1 (0.1-0.1) 0.7 (7.6) 0.9 0.9 (0.8-1.1)
Sardinops sp. 0.1 0.1 (0.0-0.2) 0.1 (2.8) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.1 (1.7) 0.1 0.1 (0.1-0.2) Etrumeus sp. 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.1) 0.0 (1.4) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (0.7) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.1)
Zeiformes 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (0.4) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (0.1) 0.1 0.1 (0.0-0.1) Oreosoma atlanticum 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (0.4) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (0.1) 0.1 0.1 (0.0-0.1)
Sygnathiformes 0.1 0.1 (0.1-0.2) 0.3 (4.6) 0.1 0.1 (0.1-0.1) 0.2 (3.8) 0.5 0.6 (0.5-0.7) Macrorhamphosidae 0.1 0.1 (0.1-0.2) 0.3 (4.3) 0.1 0.1 (0.1-0.1) 0.2 (3.5) 0.5 0.6 (0.5-0.7)
Notopogon sp. 0.1 0.1 (0.1-0.1) 0.2 (3.3) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.1) 0.1 (2.5) 0.4 0.4 (0.3-0.6)
-
10
Taxon %W %W_boot mean (95% CI)
%MW (SD) %N %N_boot mean (95% CI)
%MN (SD) %O %O_boot mean (95% CI)
Hippocampus sp. 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (1.5) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (1.5) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) unidentified teleosts 8.0 8.0 (7.0-8.9) 14.5 (30.4) 9.6 9.7 (8.8-10.8) 11.0 (25.2) 35.8 35.6 (34.9-36.8)
THALIACEA 0.3 0.3 (0.2-0.4) 1.7 (10.5) 6.0 6.3 (5.0-7.4) 2.6 (12.0) 8.2 8.4 (7.7-8.8) Salpida 0.2 0.2 (0.2-0.2) 1.5 (9.4) 5.2 5.5 (4.6-6.5) 2.3 (11.2) 7.5 7.6 (7.0-8.0) Pyrosomatida 0.1 0.1 (0.1-0.1) 0.3 (4.5) 0.8 0.8 (0.3-1.3) 0.3 (4.5) 0.9 0.9 (0.7-1.1)
MOLLUSCA 50.8 51.3 (48.9-53.4) 47.9 (43.8) 36.6 37.0 (34.9-38.8) 52.3 (42.0) 77.9 77.8 (76.7-78.9) CEPHALOPODA 50.7 51.2 (48.8-53.3) 47.4 (44.0) 35.3 35.8 (33.8-37.5) 51.2 (42.4) 76.1 76.0 (74.9-77.3)
Teuthida 49.3 49.8 (47.2-51.7) 44.4 (44.0) 34.5 35.0 (33.2-36.7) 48.1 (42.7) 72.3 72.3 (71.0-74.0) Ommastrephidae 17.8 17.9 (15.8-20.7) 7.5 (23.8) 2.0 2.0 (1.8-2.3) 4.4 (16.8) 10.8 10.9 (9.8-11.6) Lycoteuthidae 12.3 12.4 (11.6-13.9) 4.1 (17.8) 1.8 1.9 (1.8-2.0) 2.1 (11.4) 5.7 5.6 (5.2-6.1)
Lycoteuthis lorigera 0.6 0.5 (0.2-0.8) 0.2 (3.4) 0.1 0.1 (0-0.1.0) 0.1 (2.3) 0.3 0.2 (0.1-0.3) Onychoteuthidae 1.9 1.9 (1.4-2.5) 0.8 (7.2) 0.2 0.2 (0.2-0.3) 0.4 (4.7) 1.8 1.8 (1.5-2.0)
Moroteuthis ingens 1.6 1.6 (1.1-2.1) 0.6 (6.2) 0.2 0.2 (0.1-0.2) 0.3 (4.1) 1.1 1.0 (0.8-1.3) Cranchiidae 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (1.4) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (1.4) 0.3 0.3 (0.2-0.5) Histioteuthidae 0.1 0.1 (0.0-0.2) 0.1 (2.5) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.1 (2.3) 0.2 0.2 (0.1-0.2)
Octopoda 1.1 1.1 (0.9-1.3) 2.4 (14.2) 0.4 0.4 (0.3-0.4) 2.1 (13.3) 3.7 3.6 (3.0-4.1) Argonautidae 1.0 1.0 (0.9-1.2) 2.2 (13.7) 0.3 0.3 (0.3-0.4) 2.0 (12.9) 3.1 3.1 (2.5-3.4)
unidentified cephalopoda 0.3 0.4 (0.1-0.7) 0.6 (6.8) 0.5 0.4 (0.2-0.6) 0.9 (8.4) 1.8 1.7 (1.4-2.2) GASTROPODA 0.1 0.1 (0.1-0.1) 0.5 (4.3) 1.2 1.2 (1.1-1.3) 1.2 (6.7) 7.2 7.3 (6.8-7.7)
Sorbeoconcha 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.1) 0.3 (3.8) 0.4 0.5 (0.4-0.5) 0.6 (4.8) 4.0 4.2 (3.8-4.7) Carinariidae 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.1) 0.3 (3.7) 0.4 0.4 (0.4-0.4) 0.6 (4.7) 3.7 3.8 (3.5-4.4) Atlantidae 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (0.5) 0.0 0.1 (0.0-0.1) 0.0 (1.1) 0.4 0.4 (0.3-0.6)
Thecosomata 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.1 (1.8) 0.8 0.8 (0.7-0.9) 0.6 (4.7) 3.7 3.6 (3.3-4.1) Cavoliniidae 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.1 (1.8) 0.8 0.8 (0.7-0.9) 0.6 (4.7) 3.7 3.6 (3.3-4.1)
unidentified gastropoda 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (0.0) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (0.3) 0.1 0.1 (0.0-0.1) ARTHROPODA 0.9 0.9 (0.8-1.0) 5.9 (20.1) 22.1 22.6 (20.4-24.7) 11.8 (26.8) 24.7 24.8 (23.7-26.2)
CRUSTACEA 0.9 0.9 (0.8-1.0) 5.9 (20.1) 22.1 22.6 (20.4-24.7) 11.8 (26.8) 24.7 24.8 (23.7-26.2) Decapoda 0.3 0.3 (0.2-0.5) 1.1 (9.2) 2.7 2.4 (1.9-2.9) 1.7 (11.1) 4.4 4.4 (3.9-4.9)
Funchalia sp. 0.1 0.1 (0.0-0.3) 0.0 (2.1) 0.1 0.2 (0.0-0.3) 0.1 (2.7) 0.1 0.1 (0.0-0.2) Oplophoridae 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (1.5) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (1.5) 0.1 0.1 (0.0-0.1) (shrimp) 0.1 0.1 (0.1-0.2) 0.4 (5.8) 0.2 0.2 (0.1-0.4) 0.4 (5.0) 1.9 1.9 (1.6-2.2) Brachyura 0.1 0.1 (0.0-0.2) 0.6 (6.7) 2.3 2.0 (1.5-2.3) 1.1 (9.4) 2.3 2.3 (2.0-2.6) Anomura 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (0.0) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (0.3) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.1)
-
11
Taxon %W %W_boot mean (95% CI)
%MW (SD) %N %N_boot mean (95% CI)
%MN (SD) %O %O_boot mean (95% CI)
Amphipoda 0.5 0.5 (0.4-0.5) 4.1 (16.3) 14.0 14.2 (12.7-15.7) 8.7 (22.5) 20.2 20.4 (19.7-21.5) Phronima sedentaria 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.1) 0.4 (4.1) 1.4 1.5 (1.3-1.6) 1.0 (6.1) 5.3 5.4 (5.1-6.0)
Platyscelidae 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.2 (3.0) 0.5 0.5 (0.5-0.6) 0.6 (5.4) 1.9 1.9 (1.7-2.3) Platyscelus sp. 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (0.8) 0.2 0.1 (0.1-0.2) 0.1 (2.2) 0.5 0.5 (0.4-0.6)
Phrosinidae 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.1 (1.8) 0.3 0.2 (0.1-0.3) 0.3 (4.0) 1.1 1.1 (0.8-1.4) Phrosina sp. 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (0.8) 0.1 0.1 (0.0-0.1) 0.1 (1.9) 0.5 0.5 (0.3-0.7)
Hyperiidae 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (0.9) 0.1 0.1 (0.1-0.2) 0.2 (2.8) 0.6 0.6 (0.4-0.7) Themisto sp. 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (0.7) 0.1 0.1 (0.1-0.2) 0.1 (2.3) 0.5 0.5 (0.4-0.6) Brachyscelus sp. 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (1.5) 0.3 0.3 (0.2-0.5) 0.1 (2.8) 0.6 0.7 (0.4-0.8)
Pronoidae 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (0.0) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (1.7) 0.1 0.1 (0.1-0.2) Euphausiacea 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (1.8) 0.7 0.7 (0.2-1.5) 0.2 (3.5) 0.5 0.5 (0.4-0.7) Stomatopoda 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.1) 0.2 (4.3) 1.5 1.6 (1.1-2.0) 0.3 (5.3) 0.3 0.3 (0.2-0.4) Lophogastrida 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.1 (3.0) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.1 (3.1) 0.1 0.1 (0.1-0.2)
Gnathophausiidae 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.1 (3.0) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.1 (3.1) 0.1 0.1 (0.1-0.2) Isopoda 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (1.5) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (1.5) 0.1 0.1 (0.1-0.2) unidentified crustacea 0.1 0.1 (0.0-0.1) 0.3 (4.7) 3.1 3.8 (2.1-5.3) 0.9 (7.0) 3.1 3.2 (2.7-3.8)
ANNELIDA 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (0.2) 0.1 0.1 (0.1-0.1) 0.1 (1.6) 0.7 0.6 (0.4-0.8) POLYCHAETA 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.0 (0.2) 0.1 0.1 (0.1-0.1) 0.1 (1.6) 0.7 0.6 (0.4-0.8)
CNIDARIA 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.1 (3.3) 0.0 0.0 (0.0-0.0) 0.1 (2.4) 0.2 0.2 (0.1-0.3) Unknown 1.2 1.2 (0.8-1.6) 3.3 (16.1) 0.1 0.1 (0.1-0.1) 0.3 (3.5) 5.9 6.1 (5.7-6.6) Other 0.6 0.6 (0.5-0.7) 2.6 (12.2) 1.1 1.3 (0.6-1.8) 0.7 (7.2) 9.8 9.7 (9.1-10.6)
-
12
Table S3. Results of SIMPER analysis for prey weight composition by year in the 3 study areas. The lower left part of the table shows the prey with the greatest influence on the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index; the upper right part shows the corresponding contribution. Underlined prey names are those with a contribution >30%. Ale, Alepisauridae; Arg, Argonautidae; Bra, Bramidae; Lyc, Lycoteuthidae; Nom, Nomeidae; Omm, Ommastrephidae; Par, Paralepididae; Per, Perciformes; Tel, Teleostei; Teu, Teuthida Cape area
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 20132004 0.40 0.34 0.32 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.362005 Omm 0.40 0.41 0.44 0.40 0.39 0.40 0.462006 Lyc Lyc 0.43 0.37 0.37 0.38 0.39 0.412007 Lyc Omm Lyc 0.33 0.39 0.39 0.35 0.422008 Lyc Omm Lyc Nom 0.45 0.28 0.27 0.402009 Lyc Omm Lyc Nom Teu 0.34 0.26 0.422011 Lyc Omm Lyc Nom Teu Par 0.24 0.392012 Lyc Omm Lyc Nom Teu Per Per 0.302013 Lyc Omm Lyc Nom Bra Bra Bra Bra
Year
Southeastern Indian Ocean
1999 2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20121999 0.45 0.38 0.68 0.26 0.36 0.39 0.41 0.34 0.39 0.372000 Omm 0.57 0.84 0.39 0.43 0.55 0.57 0.41 0.28 0.252003 Omm Par 0.77 0.45 0.45 0.52 0.52 0.36 0.29 0.282004 Omm Omm Omm 0.46 0.27 0.45 0.80 0.89 0.77 0.702005 Par Omm Omm Omm 0.29 0.29 0.27 0.32 0.40 0.432006 Omm Omm Omm Per Omm 0.38 0.35 0.42 0.46 0.452007 Omm Omm Omm Nom Omm Per 0.50 0.57 0.56 0.512008 Per Omm Omm Omm Bra Omm Omm 0.64 0.63 0.492009 Omm Omm Par Omm Omm Omm Omm Omm 0.30 0.222010 Omm Par Ale Omm Omm Omm Omm Omm Omm 0.202012 Omm Ale Ale Omm Omm Omm Omm Omm Par Bra
Year
Tasmania area
1999 2001 2002 20031999 0.50 0.62 0.612001 Arg 0.34 0.332002 Arg Per 0.332003 Arg Tel Omm
Year
-
13
Table S4. Result of SIMPER analysis for prey weight composition (by fork length [FL] in 10-cm bins) in southern bluefin tuna captured in the 3 study areas. The lower left part of the table shows the prey with the greatest influence on the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index; the upper right part shows the corresponding contribution. Underlined prey names are those with a contribution >30%. Ale, Alepisauridae; Arg, Argonautidae; Bra, Bramidae; Lyc, Lycoteuthidae; Nom, Nomeidae; Omm, Ommastrephidae; Per, Perciformes; Teu, Teuthida
Cape area
100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180100 0.34 0.24 0.21 0.30 0.34 0.28 0.32 0.38110 Nom 0.18 0.26 0.32 0.35 0.29 0.34 0.32120 Teu Omm 0.28 0.32 0.35 0.29 0.36 0.34130 Lyc Lyc Nom 0.32 0.39 0.29 0.40 0.20140 Lyc Lyc Lyc Lyc 0.42 0.25 0.28 0.29150 Omm Omm Omm Omm Omm 0.25 0.36 0.34160 Lyc Lyc Lyc Lyc Lyc Omm 0.24 0.30170 Bra Bra Bra Bra Bra Omm Lyc 0.29180 Per Per Per Nom Lyc Omm Lyc Bra
FL(cm)
Southeastern Indian Ocean
80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 18080 0.85 0.77 0.43 0.32 0.59 0.40 0.50 0.43 0.44 0.5290 Omm 0.70 0.75 0.56 0.44 0.37 0.49 0.42 0.42 0.52100 Omm Omm 0.79 0.84 0.63 0.34 0.46 0.39 0.38 0.39110 Nom Nom Omm 0.53 0.38 0.40 0.50 0.43 0.44 0.51120 Omm Omm Omm Omm 0.72 0.44 0.52 0.45 0.46 0.44130 Omm Omm Omm Omm Omm 0.35 0.49 0.42 0.42 0.45140 Omm Omm Nom Omm Omm Omm 0.55 0.44 0.38 0.35150 Omm Omm Omm Omm Omm Omm Omm 0.51 0.28 0.58160 Omm Omm Omm Omm Omm Omm Omm Ale 0.31 0.48170 Omm Omm Omm Omm Omm Omm Omm Omm Omm 0.52180 Ale Ale Omm Ale Ale Ale Omm Omm Omm Omm
FL(cm)
Tasmania area
110 120 130 140 150110 0.33 0.48 0.54 0.36120 Arg 0.50 0.52 0.33130 Per Per 0.49 0.52140 Omm Omm Omm 0.38150 Omm Omm Omm Per
FL(cm)
-
14
Table S5. Result of SIMPER analysis for prey weight composition by sea surface temperature (SST) in 1 °C bins for southern bluefin tuna captured in the 3 study areas. The lower left part of the table shows the prey with the greatest influence on the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index; the upper right part shows the corresponding contribution. Underlined prey names are those with a contribution >30%. Arg, Argonautidae; Bra, Bramidae; Lyc, Lycoteuthidae; Nom, Nomeidae; Omm, Ommastrephidae; Par, Paralepididae; Per, Perciformes; Tel, Teleostei
Cape area
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 17 186 0.61 0.34 0.27 0.26 0.42 0.45 0.52 0.45 0.48 0.32 0.577 Lyc 0.21 0.31 0.53 0.64 0.62 0.44 0.56 0.64 0.68 0.628 Lyc Omm 0.59 0.41 0.42 0.40 0.45 0.46 0.38 0.39 0.379 Omm Lyc Lyc 0.28 0.21 0.20 0.26 0.24 0.25 0.24 0.25
10 Nom Lyc Lyc Omm 0.35 0.32 0.38 0.32 0.27 0.27 0.2611 Omm Lyc Lyc Lyc Lyc 0.31 0.55 0.30 0.49 0.40 0.4812 Omm Lyc Lyc Omm Lyc Bra 0.53 0.41 0.50 0.33 0.5513 Omm Lyc Lyc Lyc Omm Omm Omm 0.44 0.57 0.56 0.5514 Omm Lyc Lyc Lyc Lyc Omm Omm Omm 0.53 0.44 0.5315 Lyc Lyc Lyc Omm Lyc Omm Omm Omm Omm 0.20 0.3617 Lyc Lyc Lyc Omm Lyc Omm Omm Omm Omm Tel 0.3118 Lyc Lyc Lyc Omm Lyc Omm Omm Omm Omm Tel Omm
SST (°C)
Southeastern Indian Ocean
10 11 12 1310 0.54 0.67 0.5911 Omm 0.68 0.5412 Omm Omm 0.3913 Omm Omm Par
SST (°C)
Tasmania area
13 15 16 1713 0.66 0.38 0.3015 Per 0.39 0.4916 Per Arg 0.3217 Per Per Per
SST (°C)